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Zhu J, Xu F, Lai H, Yuan H, Li XY, Hu J, Li W, Liu L, Wang C. ACO2 deficiency increases vulnerability to Parkinson's disease via dysregulating mitochondrial function and histone acetylation-mediated transcription of autophagy genes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1201. [PMID: 38007539 PMCID: PMC10676364 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by α-synuclein aggregation in dopaminergic (DA) neurons, which are sensitive to oxidative stress. Mitochondria aconitase 2 (ACO2) is an essential enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle that orchestrates mitochondrial and autophagic functions to energy metabolism. Though widely linked to diseases, its relation to PD has not been fully clarified. Here we revealed that the peripheral ACO2 activity was significantly decreased in PD patients and associated with their onset age and disease durations. The knock-in mouse and Drosophila models with the A252T variant displayed aggravated motor deficits and DA neuron degeneration after 6-OHDA and rotenone-induction, and the ACO2 knockdown or blockade cells showed features of mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction. Moreover, the transcription of autophagy-related genes LC3 and Atg5 was significantly downregulated via inhibited histone acetylation at the H3K9 and H4K5 sites. These data provided multi-dimensional evidences supporting the essential roles of ACO2, and as a potential early biomarker to be used in clinical trials for assessing the effects of antioxidants in PD. Moreover, ameliorating energy metabolism by targeting ACO2 could be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for PD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junge Zhu
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Fanxi Xu
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Hong Lai
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Huiyao Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University; School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xu-Ying Li
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Junya Hu
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
- Department of Stroke Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University; School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Chaodong Wang
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Cho SY, Jung SJ, Kim KD, Roe JH. Non-mitochondrial aconitase regulates the expression of iron-uptake genes by controlling the RNA turnover process in fission yeast. J Microbiol 2021; 59:1075-1082. [PMID: 34705258 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-1438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aconitase, a highly conserved protein across all domains of life, functions in converting citrate to isocitrate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Cytosolic aconitase is also known to act as an iron regulatory protein in mammals, binding to the RNA hairpin structures known as iron-responsive elements within the untranslated regions of specific RNAs. Aconitase-2 (Aco2) in fission yeast is a fusion protein consisting of an aconitase and a mitochondrial ribosomal protein, bL21, residing not only in mitochondria but also in cytosol and the nucleus. To investigate the role of Aco2 in the nucleus and cytoplasm of fission yeast, we analyzed the transcriptome of aco2ΔN mutant that is deleted of nuclear localization signal (NLS). RNA sequencing revealed that the aco2ΔN mutation caused increase in mRNAs encoding iron uptake transporters, such as Str1, Str3, and Shu1. The half-lives of mRNAs for these genes were found to be significantly longer in the aco2ΔN mutant than the wild-type strain, suggesting the role of Aco2 in mRNA turnover. The three conserved cysteines required for the catalytic activity of aconitase were not necessary for this role. The UV cross-linking RNA immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that Aco2 directly bound to the mRNAs of iron uptake transporters. Aco2-mediated degradation of iron-uptake mRNAs appears to utilize exoribonuclease pathway that involves Rrp6 as evidenced by genetic interactions. These results reveal a novel role of non-mitochondrial aconitase protein in the mRNA turnover in fission yeast to fine-tune iron homeostasis, independent of regulation by transcriptional repressor Fep1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Cho
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Jung
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Dong Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hye Roe
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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