1
|
Guo Z, Xu H, Zhang S, Kang H, Li C, Sun Q, Zhao J, Li J, Zhou G, Wang Q, Xiang L, Tang Y, Liu H, Leng C, An T, Cai X, Tian Z, Zhang H, Peng J. Improved detection sensitivity of anti-PRV variant antibodies through preparation of anti-gB and anti-gE monoclonal antibodies and development of blocking ELISAs. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129425. [PMID: 38219937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Since 2011, PRV has resurged in China and is characterized by a mutated strain with significant alterations in antigenicity and virulence. Therefore, we hypothesized that antibody detection kits based on classic PRV strains may have limitations in detecting PRV variants. For more sensitive antibody detection of PRV variants, two MABs targeting the gB and gE proteins were developed. IFA revealed that these MABs exhibited strong reactivity toward both classic and variant PRV strains. MAB-gE recognizes a novel conserved linear B-cell epitope (41PSAEVWD47), while MAB-gB recognizes a conformational B-cell epitope. The binding of both MABs was effectively inhibited in the PRV-positive pig blood samples. Accordingly, we established blocking-ELISAs to detect anti-PRV gB and gE antibodies, which achieved higher sensitivity than commercial kits. Moreover, the clinical serum samples results of our method and that of IFA were in high agreement, and our test results had a higher coincidence rate than that of a commercial kit. Assessing antibody levels by our methods at various times following immunization and challenge accurately reflected the trend of antibody-level changes and revealed the conversion to positive antibody status before the commercial kit. Our method is crucial for monitoring PRV infections, assessing immune responses, and controlling disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Haonan Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Jinhao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Lirun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Yandong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Huairan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Chaoliang Leng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Zhijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Jinmei Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nan X, Yang L, Cui Y. Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Proteins. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 544:117337. [PMID: 37044163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein biomarkers are useful for disease diagnosis. Identification thereof using in vitro diagnostics such as lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) has attracted considerable attention due to their low cost and ease of use especially in the point of care setting. Current challenges, however, do remain with respect to material selection for each component in the device and the synergistic integration of these components to display detectable signals. This review explores the principle of LFIA for protein biomarkers, device components including biomaterials and labeling methods. Medical applications and commercial status are examined as well. This review highlights critical methodologies in the development of new LFIAs and their role in advancing healthcare worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxu Nan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University; First Hospital Interdisciplinary Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University; First Hospital Interdisciplinary Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Preparation and Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody against the Pseudorabies Virus gE Glycoprotein through a Novel Strategy. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020133. [PMID: 36851437 PMCID: PMC9968200 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2011, pseudorabies virus (PRV) has recurred in several vaccinated pig farms in China. PRV variants with high virulence were found to be the main cause of the outbreaks. In the face of the PRV epidemic, detection of the wild strain is as important as vaccine immunization, so we hoped to achieve differential diagnosis of PRV by obtaining a monoclonal antibody (mAB) that could be used to identify the wild strain. In this study, we used a novel immunization and screening strategy to prepare an mAB and obtained mAB 1H5 against the gE glycoprotein. An immunofluorescence assay (IFA) revealed that this mAB was specific to both classic and variant strains of PRV. Subsequently, we further identified the linear epitopes of B cells recognized using the mAB. The mAB 1H5 bound at 67RRAG70, which is a novel epitope and is conserved in almost all PRV strains. These findings provide novel insight into the structure and function of PRV proteins, the analysis of antigenic epitope characteristics, and the establishment of antigen or antibody detection methods.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou M, Abid M, Cao S, Zhu S. Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus Usage in Vaccine Development against Swine Infectious Disease. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020370. [PMID: 36851584 PMCID: PMC9962541 DOI: 10.3390/v15020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is the pathogen of pseudorabies (PR), which belongs to the alpha herpesvirus subfamily with a double stranded DNA genome encoding approximately 70 proteins. PRV has many non-essential regions for replication, has a strong capacity to accommodate foreign genes, and more areas for genetic modification. PRV is an ideal vaccine vector, and multivalent live virus-vectored vaccines can be developed using the gene-deleted PRV. The immune system continues to be stimulated by the gene-deleted PRVs and maintain a long immunity lasting more than 4 months. Here, we provide a brief overview of the biology of PRV, recombinant PRV construction methodology, the technology platform for efficiently constructing recombinant PRV, and the applications of recombinant PRV in vaccine development. This review summarizes the latest information on PRV usage in vaccine development against swine infectious diseases, and it offers novel perspectives for advancing preventive medicine through vaccinology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225306, China
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Shinuo Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225306, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (S.Z.); Tel.: +86-150-0469-3053 (S.C.)
| | - Shanyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225306, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (S.Z.); Tel.: +86-150-0469-3053 (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu X, Chen R, Chen Q, Che Y, Yan S, Zhou L, Wang L. Establishment of an indirect ELISA method for antibody detection of porcine pseudorabies by recombinant gB, gC, and gD proteins. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28228. [PMID: 36251622 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), as a neuroherpes virus, leads to heavy economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. This study was designed to establish recombinant PRV glycoprotein B (gB), C, and D proteins as PRV diagnostic antigens. The gB/C, gC/D, and gB/C/D fusion sequences were synthesized and inserted into pET-28a+ vector to generate the recombinant plasmids. The identified positive recombinant plasmids were transformed into BL21 Escherichia coli. The results of the polymerase chain reaction and enzyme digestion showed that the gB/C, gC/D, and gB/C/D fusion proteins were successfully expressed. An indirect sandwich ELISA was developed with the gB/C, gC/D, and gB/C/D as coating antigens. The results of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of 184 PRV-positive porcine sera showed that the positive coincidence rates of three recombinant proteins ELISAs relative to IDEXX kit were 98.25%, 95.32%, and 98.83%, and the negative coincidence rates were 85.71%, 75% and 100%, respectively. The inter and intra batch repeatability tests showed that the coefficient of variations of our kits were all less than 5%. Especially, the gB/C/D-ELISA has the highest specificity and sensitivity among the ELISA methods developed in this study. We established a series expression system of gB/C, gC/D, and gB/C/D antigen epitope genes and Recombinant protein-based indirect ELISA, providing new ideas for PV diagnosis and vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Wu
- Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rujing Chen
- Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiuyong Chen
- Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Che
- Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shan Yan
- Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lunjiang Zhou
- Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Longbai Wang
- Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu JJ, Cheng XF, Wu JQ, Zheng H, Tong W, Chen X, Ye C, Liu Y, Zhu H, Fu X, Jiang Y, Kong N, Tong G, Gao F, Li G. Pseudorabies virus pUL16 assists the nuclear import of VP26 through protein-protein interaction. Vet Microbiol 2021; 257:109080. [PMID: 33915344 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is related to alphaherpesvirus and varicellovirus. pUL16 is a conserved protein in all herpesviruses, and studies have shown that UL16 can interact with the viral proteins pUL11, pUL49, pUL21, gD, and gE. In this study, we found that pUL16 interacted with the viral capsid protein VP26, which could not translocate into the nucleus itself but did appear in the nucleus. We further determined whether pUL16 assists the translocation of VP26 into the nucleus. We found that pUL16 interacted with VP26 with or without viral proteins, and since VP26 itself did not contain a nuclear location signal, we concluded that pUL16 assisted the translocation of VP26 into the nucleus. Deletion of UL16 and UL35 significantly reduced the 50 % tissue culture infective dose, virulence, attachment, and internalization of PRV in cells. These results show that the interaction between pUL16 and VP26 influences the growth and virulence of pseudorabies virus. Our research is the first study to show that pUL16 interacts with VP26, which may explain the targeting site of UL16 and viral capsids. It is also the first to show that UL16 assists the transport of other viral proteins to organelles. Previous researches on pUL16 usually emphasized its interaction with pUL11, pUL21, and gE, and sometimes commented on pUL49 and gD. Our research focuses on the novel interaction between pUL16 and VP26, thereby enriching the studies on herpesviruses and possibly providing different directions for researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Xu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xue-Fei Cheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ji-Qiang Wu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Haojie Zhu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xinling Fu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Guoxin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Wang C, Feng X, Chen X, Zhang W. Redondoviridae and periodontitis: a case–control study and identification of five novel redondoviruses from periodontal tissues. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab033. [PMID: 35186324 PMCID: PMC8088815 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Redondoviridae is a family of DNA viruses recently identified in the human oro-respiratory tract. However, the characteristics of this new virus family are not yet fully understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between redondoviruses and chronic periodontitis. In addition, the complete circular genome, phylogenetic relationship, and biological characteristics of novel redondoviruses were analyzed. The gingival tissues of healthy individuals (n = 120) and periodontitis patients (n = 120) were analyzed using nested polymerase chain reaction assays. The prevalence of redondovirus infection in the periodontitis group was 71.67%. Logistic regression analysis revealed an association between redondoviruses and chronic periodontitis after controlling the confounding factors (odds ratio = 2.53). Five novel redondoviruses, named ‘human periodontal circular-like virus (HPeCV)’, were identified in patients with periodontitis and detailed genetic analysis of the viruses was performed. The 3,035–3,056 bp genome contained a capsid protein, a replication-associated protein, an open reading frame 3 protein, and a stem-loop structure. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that HPeCV-1, HPeCV-10, and HPeCV-25 formed a cluster. Recombination may be common in the genomes of HPeCVs. Potential antigenic epitopes in the capsid protein, which may be involved in the host immune response, were predicted. In conclusion, periodontitis patients had a significantly higher prevalence of redondoviruses than healthy controls. Genetic characterization enhanced the current understanding of the genetic diversity and pathogenicity of redondoviruses as well as their association with periodontitis in humans. The data presented in this article will expand the current understanding of the epidemiology, genetic diversity, and pathogenicity of redondoviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiping Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kong N, Meng Q, Jiao Y, Wu Y, Zuo Y, Wang H, Sun D, Dong S, Zhai H, Tong W, Zheng H, Yu H, Tong G, Xu Y, Shan T. Identification of a novel B-cell epitope in the spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Virol J 2020; 17:46. [PMID: 32245493 PMCID: PMC7119268 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection causes an acute enteric tract infectious disease characterized by vomiting, anorexia, dehydration, weight loss and high mortality in neonatal piglets. During PEDV infection, the spike protein (S) is a major virion structural protein interacting with receptors and inducing neutralizing antibodies. However, the neutralizing B-cell epitopes within PEDV S protein have not been well studied. Methods To accurately identify the important immunodominant region of S1, the purified truncated S1 proteins (SA, SB, SC, SD and SE) were used to immunize BALB/c mice to prepare polyclonal antibodies. The antisera titers were determined by indirect ELISA, western blot and IFA after four immunizations to find the important immunodominant region of S1, and then purified the immunodominant region of S1 protein and immunized mice to generate the special antibodies, and then used recombinant peptides to determine the B-cell epitopes of monoclonal antibodies. Results Five antisera of recombinant proteins of the spike protein region of PEDV were generated and we found that only the polyclonal antibody against part of the S1 region (signed as SE protein, residues 666–789) could recognize the native PEDV. Purified SE protein was used to immunize BALB/c mice and generate mAb 2E10. Pepscan of the SE protein demonstrated that SE16 (722SSTFNSTREL731) is the minimal linear epitope required for reactivity with the mAb 2E10. Further investigation indicated that the epitope SE16 was localized on the surface of PEDV S protein in the 3D structure. Conclusions A mAb 2E10 that is specifically bound to PEDV was generated and identified a specific linear B-cell epitope (SE16, 722SSTFNSTREL731) of the mAb. The epitope region of PEDV S1 localized in the different regions in comparison with the earlier identified epitopes. These findings enhance the understanding of the PEDV spike protein structure for vaccine design and provide a potential use for developing diagnostic methods to detect PEDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Yajuan Jiao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongguang Wu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yewen Zuo
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dage Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sujie Dong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanjie Zhai
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Xu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China.
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|