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Zhang X, Li D, Zhu J, Zheng J, Li H, He Q, Peng J, Chen S, Chen XL, Wang W. RNAPII Degradation Factor Def1 Is Required for Development, Stress Response, and Full Virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040467. [PMID: 37108921 PMCID: PMC10145571 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA polymerase II degradation factor Degradation Factor 1 (Def1) is important for DNA damage repair and plays various roles in eukaryotes; however, the biological role in plant pathogenic fungi is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Def1 during the development and infection of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The deletion mutant of Def1 displayed slower mycelial growth, less conidial production, and abnormal conidial morphology. The appressoria of Δdef1 was impaired in the penetration into host cells, mainly due to blocking in the utilization of conidial storages, such as glycogen and lipid droplets. The invasive growth of the Δdef1 mutant was also retarded and accompanied with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the host cells. Furthermore, compared with the wild type, Δdef1 was more sensitive to multiple stresses, such as oxidative stress, high osmotic pressure, and alkaline/acidic pH. Interestingly, we found that Def1 was modified by O-GlcNAcylation at Ser232, which was required for the stability of Def1 and its function in pathogenicity. Taken together, the O-GlcNAc modified Def1 is required for hyphae growth, conidiation, pathogenicity, and stress response in M. oryzae. This study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of O-GlcNAc-mediated Def1 in plant pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qixuan He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weixiang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
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Bo Otto F, Thumm M. Nucleophagy-Implications for Microautophagy and Health. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124506. [PMID: 32599961 PMCID: PMC7352367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophagy, the selective subtype of autophagy that targets nuclear material for autophagic degradation, was not only shown to be a model system for the study of selective macroautophagy, but also for elucidating the role of the core autophagic machinery within microautophagy. Nucleophagy also emerged as a system associated with a variety of disease conditions including cancer, neurodegeneration and ageing. Nucleophagic processes are part of natural cell development, but also act as a response to various stress conditions. Upon releasing small portions of nuclear material, micronuclei, the autophagic machinery transfers these micronuclei to the vacuole for subsequent degradation. Despite sharing many cargos and requiring the core autophagic machinery, recent investigations revealed the aspects that set macro- and micronucleophagy apart. Central to the discrepancies found between macro- and micronucleophagy is the nucleus vacuole junction, a large membrane contact site formed between nucleus and vacuole. Exclusion of nuclear pore complexes from the junction and its exclusive degradation by micronucleophagy reveal compositional differences in cargo. Regarding their shared reliance on the core autophagic machinery, micronucleophagy does not involve normal autophagosome biogenesis observed for macronucleophagy, but instead maintains a unique role in overall microautophagy, with the autophagic machinery accumulating at the neck of budding vesicles.
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