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De G, Yang M, Cai W, Zhao Q, Lu L, Chen A. Salvia miltiorrhiza augments endothelial cell function for ischemic hindlimb recovery. Biol Chem 2024; 405:119-128. [PMID: 36869860 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza (Salvia miltiorrhiza) root, as a traditional herb, is widely applied to pharmacotherapy for vascular system disease. In this study, we elucidate the therapy mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza by using a model of hindlimb ischemia. Blood perfusion measurement showed that intravenous administration of the Water Extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (WES) could facilitate damaged hindlimb blood flow recovery and blood vessel regeneration. In vitro mRNA screen assay in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) show that WES induced increased NOS3, VEGFA, and PLAU mRNA levels. Endothelial NOS (eNOS) promotor reporter analysis revealed that WES and the major ingredients danshensu (DSS) could enhance eNOS promoter activity. Additionally, we found that WES and its ingredients, including DSS, protocatechuic aldehyde (PAI), and salvianolic acid A (SaA), promoted HUVECs growth by the endothelial cell viability assays. A mechanistic approach confirmed that WES augments HUVECs proliferation through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signal pathway. This study reveals that WES promotes ischemic remodeling and angiogenesis through its multiple principal ingredients, which target and regulate multiple sites of the network of the blood vessel endothelial cell regenerating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gejing De
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Miyi Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Weiyan Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qinghe Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lili Lu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Apeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
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2
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Zeng X, Zhao R, Wu Z, Ma Z, Cen C, Gao S, Hong W, Yao Y, Wen K, Ding S, Wang J, Lu W, Wang X, Wang T. [ 18 F] -FAPI-42 PET/CT assessment of Progressive right ventricle fibrosis under pressure overload. Respir Res 2023; 24:270. [PMID: 37932744 PMCID: PMC10626814 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right heart failure (RHF) is a complication of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and increases the mortality independently of the underlying disease. However, the process of RHF development and progression is not fully understood. We aimed to develop effective approaches for early diagnosis and precise evaluation of RHF. METHODS Right ventricle (RV) pressure overload was performed via pulmonary artery banding (PAB) surgery in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to induce RHF. Echocardiography, right heart catheterization, histological staining, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) immunofluorescence and 18 F-labelled FAP inhibitor-42 ([18 F] -FAPI-42) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) were performed at day 3, week 1, 2, 4 and 8 after PAB. RNA sequencing was performed to explore molecular alterations between PAB and sham group at week 2 and week 4 after PAB respectively. RESULTS RV hemodynamic disorders were aggravated, and RV function was declined based on right heart catheterization and echocardiography at week 2, 4 and 8 after PAB. Progressive cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and capillary rarefaction could be observed in RV from 2 to 8 weeks after PAB. RNA sequencing indicated 80 upregulated genes and 43 downregulated genes in the RV at both week 2 and week 4 after PAB; Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that fibrosis as the most significant biological process in the RV under pressure overload. Immunofluorescence indicated that FAP was upregulated in the RV from week 2 to week 8 after PAB; and [18 F] -FAPI-42 PET/CT revealed FAPI uptake was significantly higher in RV at week 2 and further increased at week 4 and 8 after PAB. CONCLUSION RV function is progressively declined with fibrosis as the most prominent molecular change after pressure overload, and [18 F] -FAPI-42 PET/CT is as sensitive and accurate as histopathology in RV fibrosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiyue Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhixiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuoji Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxian Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanxian Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanrong Yao
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kexin Wen
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shangwei Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Liu J, Chen H, Li X, Song C, Wang L, Wang D. Micro-Executor of Natural Products in Metabolic Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:6202. [PMID: 37687031 PMCID: PMC10488769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are the major chronic metabolic diseases that threaten human health. In order to combat these epidemics, there remains a desperate need for effective, safe, and easily available therapeutic strategies. Recently, the development of natural product research has provided new methods and options for these diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of metabolic diseases, and natural products can improve lipid and glucose metabolism disorders and cardiovascular diseases by regulating the expression of miRNAs. In this review, we present the recent advances involving the associations between miRNAs and natural products and the current evidence showing the positive effects of miRNAs for natural product treatment in metabolic diseases. We also encourage further research to address the relationship between miRNAs and natural products under physiological and pathological conditions, thus leading to stronger support for drug development from natural products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China; (J.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Zhangdian District, Zibo 255000, China;
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Zibo Digital Agriculture and Rural Development Center, Zibo 255000, China;
| | - Chunmei Song
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China; (J.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Deguo Wang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China; (J.L.); (C.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-Detection Technology for Food Safety of Henan Province, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China
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Shanmugham M, Bellanger S, Leo CH. Gut-Derived Metabolite, Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in Cardio-Metabolic Diseases: Detection, Mechanism, and Potential Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040504. [PMID: 37111261 PMCID: PMC10142468 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a biologically active gut microbiome-derived dietary metabolite. Recent studies have shown that high circulating plasma TMAO levels are closely associated with diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia, contributing to endothelial dysfunction. There is a growing interest to understand the mechanisms underlying TMAO-induced endothelial dysfunction in cardio-metabolic diseases. Endothelial dysfunction mediated by TMAO is mainly driven by inflammation and oxidative stress, which includes: (1) activation of foam cells; (2) upregulation of cytokines and adhesion molecules; (3) increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); (4) platelet hyperreactivity; and (5) reduced vascular tone. In this review, we summarize the potential roles of TMAO in inducing endothelial dysfunction and the mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis and progression of associated disease conditions. We also discuss the potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of TMAO-induced endothelial dysfunction in cardio-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyammai Shanmugham
- Science, Math & Technology, Singapore University of Technology & Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Sophie Bellanger
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Chen Huei Leo
- Science, Math & Technology, Singapore University of Technology & Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6434-8213
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A highly effective turn-on tanshinone IIA-based fluorescent probe for rapid and sensitive detection of ClO− and its application in environmental analysis and bioimaging. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zhu J, Chen H, Guo J, Zha C, Lu D. Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Cell Pyroptosis via the AMPK Signaling Pathway in Atherosclerosis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6293-6306. [PMID: 36408328 PMCID: PMC9673812 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s386470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerosis (AS) is the underlying cause of cardiovascular events. Endothelial cell mitochondrial damage and pyroptosis are important factors contributing to AS. Changes in internal mitochondrial conformation and increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) lead to the disruption of mitochondrial energy metabolism, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis, which in turn affect atherogenesis by impairing endothelial function. AMPK is a core player in the regulation of cellular metabolism, not only by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis but also by regulating cellular inflammatory responses. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIA, has significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and roles in cardiovascular protection. Purpose In this study, we investigated whether STS plays a protective role in AS by regulating endothelial cell mitochondrial function and pyroptosis through an AMPK-dependent mitochondrial pathway. Methods and Results Male ApoE−/− mice and HUVECs were used for the experiments. We found that STS treatment largely abrogated the upregulation of key proteins in aortic vessel wall plaques and typical pyroptosis signaling in ApoE−/− mice fed a western diet, consequently enhancing pAMPK expression, plaque stabilization, and anti-inflammatory responses. Consistently, STS pretreatment inhibited cholesterol crystallization (CC) -induced cell pyroptosis and activated pAMPK expression. In vitro, using HUVECs, we further found that STS treatment ameliorated mitochondrial ROS caused by CC, as evidenced by the finding that STS inhibited mitochondrial damage caused by CC. The improvement of endothelial cell mitochondrial function by STS is blocked by dorsomorphin (AMPK inhibitor). Consistently, the blockade of endothelial cell pyroptosis by STS is disrupted by dorsomorphin. Conclusion Our results suggest that STS enhances maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and inhibits mitochondrial ROS overproduction via AMPK, thereby improving endothelial cell pyroptosis during AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhongshan Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Zha
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhongshan Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dezhao Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dezhao Lu, Email
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Chi MH, Chao J, Ko CY, Huang SS. An Ethnopharmaceutical Study on the Hypolipidemic Formulae in Taiwan Issued by Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900693. [PMID: 36188612 PMCID: PMC9520573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, approximately one-third of ischemic heart diseases are due to hyperlipidemia, which has been shown to cause various metabolic disorders. This study was aimed to disassemble and analyze hypolipidemic formulae sold by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pharmacies. Using commonly used statistical parameters in ethnopharmacology, we identified the core drug combination of the hypolipidemic formulae, thereby exploring the strategy by which the Taiwanese people select hypolipidemic drugs. Most important of all, we preserved the inherited knowledge of TCM. We visited 116 TCM pharmacies in Taiwan and collected 91 TCM formulae. The formulae were mainly disassembled by macroscopical identification, and the medicinal materials with a relative frequency of citation (RFC) >0.2 were defined as commonly used medicinal materials. Subsequently, we sorted the information of medicinal materials recorded in the Pharmacopeia, searched for modern pharmacological research on commonly used medicinal materials using PubMed database, and visualized data based on the statistical results. Finally, the core hypolipidemic medicinal materials used in folk medicine were obtained. Of the 91 TCM formulae collected in this study, 80 traditional Chinese medicinal materials were used, belonging to 43 families, predominantly Lamiaceae. Roots were the most commonly used part as a medicinal material. There were 17 commonly used medicinal materials. Based on medicinal records in Pharmacopeia, most flavors and properties were warm and pungent, the majority traditional effects were “tonifying and replenishing” and “blood-regulating.” Besides, the targeted diseases searching from modern pharmacological studies were diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. The core medicinal materials consisted of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, and the core formulae were Bu-Yang-Huan-Wu-Tang and Xie-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang. In addition, 7 groups of folk misused medicinal materials were found. Although these TCMs have been used for a long period of time, their hypolipidemic mechanisms remain unclear, and further studies are needed to validate their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Han Chi
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung Chao
- Master Program for Food and Drug Safety, Chinese Medicine Research Center, Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Ko
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shyun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Shyh-Shyun Huang,
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Li J, Li R, Wu X, Zheng C, Shiu PHT, Rangsinth P, Lee SMY, Leung GPH. An Update on the Potential Application of Herbal Medicine in Promoting Angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928817. [PMID: 35928282 PMCID: PMC9345329 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vascular networks, plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. The use of pro-angiogenic agents has been proposed as an attractive approach for promoting wound healing and treating vascular insufficiency-related problems, such as ischemic heart disease and stroke, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. Traditional herbal medicine has a long history; however, there is still a need for more in-depth studies and evidence-based confirmation from controlled and validated trials. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that herbal medicines and their bioactive ingredients exert pro-angiogenic activity. The most frequently studied pro-angiogenic phytochemicals include ginsenosides from Panax notoginseng, astragalosides and calycosin from Radix Astragali, salvianolic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza, paeoniflorin from Radix Paeoniae, ilexsaponin A1 from Ilex pubescens, ferulic acid from Angelica sinensis, and puerarin from Radix puerariae. This review summarizes the progress in research on these phytochemicals, particularly those related to pro-angiogenic mechanisms and applications in ischemic diseases, tissue repair, and wound healing. In addition, an outline of their limitations and challenges during drug development is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Renkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chengwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Polly Ho-Ting Shiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Panthakarn Rangsinth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa Macao SAR, China
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: George Pak-Heng Leung,
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Xu J, Zhang P, Chen Y, Xu Y, Luan P, Zhu Y, Zhang J. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate ameliorates cerebral ischemic injury through regulation of angiogenesis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1122. [PMID: 34504576 PMCID: PMC8383733 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling and neuroprotection are two major adaptable methods for treating ischemic stroke. Edaravone is a protective agent for the treatment of stroke and was used as a positive control in the present study. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) has demonstrated therapeutic clinical effects in cerebral infarction in China, while its mechanisms of action in ischemic stroke have remained elusive. The angiogenesis and neuroprotective effects of STS were evaluated in a rat model induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion and 3 days of reperfusion. When used at the same dose, the magnitude of the therapeutic effect of STS was similar to that of edaravone in terms of decreased blood-brain barrier damage as indicated by reduced Evans blue leakage, improved neurological deficits, alleviated cerebral edema and inhibition of histopathological changes caused by ischemia/reperfusion. The TUNEL assay demonstrated that the ability of STS to inhibit neuronal apoptosis was equivalent to that of edaravone. Immunofluorescence detection of CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin indicated that the vascular density was significantly reduced in the vehicle group compared with that in the sham operation group, STS increased the microvessel density in the ischemic area. Furthermore, in the vehicle group the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR) as determined by fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry was significantly reduced compared with that in the sham group. However, STS promoted their expression compared to the vehicle group respectively, and increaed the mRNA expression of VEGF, VEGFR, CD31 and angiopoietin-1 as determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, but these changes were not significant or not present for edaravone apart from Ang-1. In conclusion, STS protected against ischemic brain injury by promoting angiogenesis in ischemic areas and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. These results provide a potential treatment for stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Xu
- Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Xu
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Pengwei Luan
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Zhu
- Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jiange Zhang
- Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Estolano-Cobián A, Alonso MM, Díaz-Rubio L, Ponce CN, Córdova-Guerrero I, Marrero JG. Tanshinones and their Derivatives: Heterocyclic Ring-Fused Diterpenes of Biological Interest. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:171-185. [PMID: 32348220 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200429103225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The available scientific literature regarding tanshinones is very abundant, and after its review, it is noticeable that most of the articles focus on the properties of tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate and the dried root extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Tan- Shen). However, although these products have demonstrated important biological properties in both in vitro and in vivo models, their poor solubility and bioavailability have limited their clinical applications. For these reasons, many studies have focused on the search for new pharmaceutical formulations for tanshinones, as well as the synthesis of new derivatives that improve their biological properties. To provide new insights into the critical path ahead, we systemically reviewed the most recent advances (reported since 2015) on tanshinones in scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Clinical Trials). With a broader perspective, we offer an update on the last five years of new research on these quinones, focusing on their synthesis, biological activity on noncommunicable diseases and drug delivery systems, to support future research on its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Estolano-Cobián
- Facultad de Ciencias Quiımicas e Ing, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Clz. Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, B. C. CP 22390, Mexico
| | - Mariana Macías Alonso
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana, No. 200, Col. Fracc, Industrial Puerto Interior, C.P. 36275 Silao de la Victoria, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Laura Díaz-Rubio
- Facultad de Ciencias Quiımicas e Ing, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Clz. Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, B. C. CP 22390, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Naredo Ponce
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana, No. 200, Col. Fracc, Industrial Puerto Interior, C.P. 36275 Silao de la Victoria, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Iván Córdova-Guerrero
- Facultad de Ciencias Quiımicas e Ing, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Clz. Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, B. C. CP 22390, Mexico
| | - Joaquín G Marrero
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana, No. 200, Col. Fracc, Industrial Puerto Interior, C.P. 36275 Silao de la Victoria, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Liu R, Zheng Y, Han T, Lan J, He L, Shi J. Angiogenic Actions of Paeoniflorin on Endothelial Progenitor Cells and in Ischemic Stroke Rat Model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:863-881. [PMID: 33829966 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major diseases with high morbidity, mortality, and disability rate all over the world. Chinese herb-derived active components would provide valuable candidate compounds for ischemic stroke therapy. Paeoniflorin (PF) is an active ingredient from Paeoniae Radix which possesses neurovascular effect after ischemia. However, so far, few studies are reported on the efficacy and mechanism of PF from angiogenesis aspects. Results from our in vitro studies showed that the ability for proliferation, migration, and tube formation in bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs) was promoted by coculturing with PF (100 [Formula: see text]M). Furthermore, to investigate the angiogenic effects of PF in vivo, we constructed an ischemic stroke model in rats and found that PF could reduce cerebral infarction, alleviate pathological injury, and increase the secretion of pro-angiogenic factors and cerebral vascular density after intraperitonially administration of 40 mg ⋅ kg[Formula: see text] ⋅ day[Formula: see text] for 14 days. Up-regulating the expression of VEGF/VEGF-R2 might be the mechanism of PF's angiogenic action. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that PF is an active monomer of Traditional Chinese Medicine which shows angiogenic actions on endothelial progenitor cells and in ischemic stroke rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610032, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zheng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610032, P. R. China
| | - Tao Han
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610032, P. R. China
| | - Jie Lan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610032, P. R. China
| | - Laixi He
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610032, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
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Lin S, He X, Zhai G, Wang C, Xue H, Lin S. Prospective study of the effect of sulfotanshinone sodium combined with tirofiban on vascular endothelial function and indicators of plaque stability in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 46:319-327. [PMID: 33104258 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effect of sulfotanshinone sodium injection combined with tirofiban on vascular endothelial function and indicators of plaque stability in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS We designed a prospective study and enrolled 169 patients with ACS who were admitted to our hospital as subjects. Patients treated with sulfotanshinone sodium injection combined with tirofiban (n = 99) were allocated to the research group (RG), and the remaining patients treated with tirofiban alone were allocated to the control group (n = 70; CG). The two groups were compared in terms of treatment efficacy, adverse reactions, vascular endothelial function, changes in plaque stability indicator levels, prognosis, recurrence rate, and quality of life after the treatment. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Treatment response rate, SOD and ET-1 levels, and quality-of-life score were markedly lower in RG than in CG (all P < .05). The incidence of adverse reactions; levels of CD63p, CD62p and GP IIb/IIIa; changes in plaque stability indicator levels; and recurrence rate were markedly higher in RG than in CG (all P < .05). There was no significant difference in 3-year survival rate between the two groups (P > .05). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Compared with tirofiban alone, sulfotanshinone sodium injection combined with tirofiban had superior efficacy and safety in the treatment of ACS. It can effectively reduce recurrence rate and improve quality of life in ACS, making it a strong candidate for popular clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Lin
- Department of Emergency, Binzhou Center Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xinze He
- Department of Emergency, Binzhou Center Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Guiliang Zhai
- Department of Emergency, Binzhou Center Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Chenggang Wang
- Department of Emergency, Binzhou Center Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Huiping Xue
- Department of Emergency, Binzhou Center Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Shufeng Lin
- Department of Emergency, Binzhou Center Hospital, Binzhou, China
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Sodium Tanshinone IIA Silate Exerts Microcirculation Protective Effects against Spinal Cord Injury In Vitro and In Vivo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3949575. [PMID: 33101588 PMCID: PMC7568160 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3949575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord microcirculation involves functioning endothelial cells at the blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB) and maintains normal functioning of spinal cord neurons, axons, and glial cells. Protection of both the function and integrity of endothelial cells as well as the prevention of BSCB disruption may be a strong strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) cases. Sodium Tanshinone IIA silate (STS) is used for the treatment of coronary heart disease and improves microcirculation. Whether STS exhibits protective effects for SCI microcirculation is not yet clear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects of STS on oxygen-glucose deprivation- (OGD-) induced injury of spinal cord endothelial cells (SCMECs) in vitro and to explore effects on BSCB and neurovascular protection in vivo. SCMECs were treated with various concentrations of STS (1 μM, 3 μM, and 10 μM) for 24 h with or without OGD-induction. Cell viability, tube formation, migration, and expression of Notch signaling pathway components were evaluated. Histopathological evaluation (H&E), Nissl staining, BSCB permeability, and the expression levels of von Willebrand Factor (vWF), CD31, NeuN, and Notch signaling pathway components were analyzed. STS was found to improve SCMEC functions and reduce inflammatory mediators after OGD. STS also relieved histopathological damage, increased zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), inhibited BSCB permeability, rescued microvessels, protected motor neuromas, and improved functional recovery in a SCI model. Moreover, we uncovered that the Notch signaling pathway plays an important role during these processes. These results indicated that STS protects microcirculation in SCI, which may be used as a therapeutic strategy for SCI in the future.
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Chen L, Jin Y, Wang N, Yuan M, Lin T, Lu W, Wang T. Trimethylamine N-oxide impairs perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:95-99. [PMID: 32828321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circulating level of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been reported to be associated with the prognosis of of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients. However, the effects of TMAO on neovascularization and perfusion recovery after PAD are not known. METHODS Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was generated in mice as experimental PAD model, TMAO or 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) were added to the drinking water for these mice. In cultured endothelial cells, TMAO was added to culture medium to assess the effects on cell viability and tube formation under simulated ischemic conditions. RESULTS In experimental PAD, TMAO treatment increased malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the ischemic muscle, impaired perfusion recovery, and decreased capillary density. On the other hand, mice fed with DMB drinking water showed lower TMAO level, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, and higher vascular endothelial growth factor in the ischemic muscle, and better perfusion recovery after experimental PAD. In cultured endothelial cell, TMAO decreased intracellular nitric oxide, cell viability and tube formation, and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. CONCLUSIONS TMAO increases oxidative stress and inflammation, and impairs perfusion recovery and angiogenesis in experimental PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinkang Jin
- Pediatrics Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Neng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, 441300, China
| | - Mingjie Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, 441300, China
| | - Wenju Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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