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Maurya R, Ali U, Kaul S, Bhaiyya R, Singh RP, Mazumder K. Immobilization of α-transglucosidase on silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles and its application for production of isomaltooligosaccharide from the potato peel. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12708. [PMID: 37543692 PMCID: PMC10404235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the production of isomaltooligosaccharide from potato peel starch was carried out in three steps: liquefaction, saccharification, and transglucosylation. Further, cloning α-transglucosidase gene from Aspergillus niger (GH31 family), transforming into E. coli BL21 (DE3), overexpressing and purifying the resulting protein for the production of α-transglucosidase. The generated α-transglucosidase was then bound with magnetic nanoparticles, which improved reusability up to 5 cycles with more than 60% activity. All the modifications were characterized using the following methods: Fourier transform infra-red analysis, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis. Further, the optimum conditions for transglucosylation were determined by RSM as follows: enzyme-to-substrate ratio 6.9 U g-1, reaction time 9 h, temperature 45 °C, and pH 5.5 with a yield of 70 g l-1 (± 2.1). MALDI-TOF-MS analysis showed DP of the IMOs in ranges of 2-10. The detailed structural characterization of isomaltooligosaccharide by GC-MS and NMR suggested the α-(1 → 4) and α-(1 → 6)-D-Glcp residues as major constituents along with minor α-(1 → 2) and α-(1 → 3) -D-Glcp residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Maurya
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Usman Ali
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Sunaina Kaul
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Raja Bhaiyya
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, North Gate Gujarat International Finance Tech-City, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Ravindra Pal Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, North Gate Gujarat International Finance Tech-City, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Koushik Mazumder
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Liu N, Wei Z, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang S. Purification and characterization of cold-adapted and salt-tolerant dextranase from Cellulosimicrobium sp. THN1 and its potential application for treatment of dental plaque. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1012957. [PMID: 36439846 PMCID: PMC9691899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1012957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cold-adapted and/or salt-tolerant enzymes from marine microorganisms were confirmed to be meritorious tools to enhance the efficiency of biocatalysis in industrial biotechnology. We purified and characterized a dextranase CeDex from the marine bacterium Cellulosimicrobium sp. THN1. CeDex acted in alkaline pHs (7.5-8.5) and a broad temperature range (10-50°C) with sufficient pH stability and thermostability. Remarkably, CeDex retained approximately 40% of its maximal activities at 4°C and increased its activity to 150% in 4 M NaCl, displaying prominently cold adaptation and salt tolerance. Moreover, CeDex was greatly stimulated by Mg2+, Na+, Ba2+, Ca2+ and Sr2+, and sugarcane juice always contains K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+, so CeDex will be suitable for removing dextran in the sugar industry. The main hydrolysate of CeDex was isomaltotriose, accompanied by isomaltotetraose, long-chain IOMs, and a small amount of isomaltose. The amino acid sequence of CeDex was identified from the THN1 genomic sequence by Nano LC-MS/MS and classified into the GH49 family. Notably, CeDex could prevent the formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm and disassemble existing biofilms at 10 U/ml concentration and would have great potential to defeat biofilm-related dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiang Xu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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Barzkar N, Babich O, Das R, Sukhikh S, Tamadoni Jahromi S, Sohail M. Marine Bacterial Dextranases: Fundamentals and Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175533. [PMID: 36080300 PMCID: PMC9458216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dextran, a renewable hydrophilic polysaccharide, is nontoxic, highly stable but intrinsically biodegradable. The α-1, 6 glycosidic bonds in dextran are attacked by dextranase (E.C. 3.2.1.11) which is an inducible enzyme. Dextranase finds many applications such as, in sugar industry, in the production of human plasma substitutes, and for the treatment and prevention of dental plaque. Currently, dextranases are obtained from terrestrial fungi which have longer duration for production but not very tolerant to environmental conditions and have safety concerns. Marine bacteria have been proposed as an alternative source of these enzymes and can provide prospects to overcome these issues. Indeed, marine bacterial dextranases are reportedly more effective and suitable for dental caries prevention and treatment. Here, we focused on properties of dextran, properties of dextran—hydrolyzing enzymes, particularly from marine sources and the biochemical features of these enzymes. Lastly the potential use of these marine bacterial dextranase to remove dental plaque has been discussed. The review covers dextranase-producing bacteria isolated from shrimp, fish, algae, sea slit, and sea water, as well as from macro- and micro fungi and other microorganisms. It is common knowledge that dextranase is used in the sugar industry; produced as a result of hydrolysis by dextranase and have prebiotic properties which influence the consistency and texture of food products. In medicine, dextranases are used to make blood substitutes. In addition, dextranase is used to produce low molecular weight dextran and cytotoxic dextran. Furthermore, dextranase is used to enhance antibiotic activity in endocarditis. It has been established that dextranase from marine bacteria is the most preferable for removing plaque, as it has a high enzymatic activity. This study lays the groundwork for the future design and development of different oral care products, based on enzymes derived from marine bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Barzkar
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 74576, Iran
- Correspondence: or
| | - Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Rakesh Das
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Stanislav Sukhikh
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas 14578, Iran
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Lin Q, Wang H, Xu Y, Dong D, Miao Q, Lu J, Lyu M, Wang S. Study of key amino acid residues of GH66 dextranase for producing high-degree polymerized isomaltooligosaccharides and improving of thermostability. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:961776. [PMID: 36032722 PMCID: PMC9399603 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.961776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtaining high-degree polymerized isomaltose is more difficult while achieving better prebiotic effects. We investigated the mutation specificity and enzymatic properties of SP5-Badex, a dextranase from the GH66 family of Bacillus aquimaris SP5, and determined its mutation sites through molecular docking to obtain five mutants, namely E454K, E454G, Y539F, N369F, and Y153N. Among them, Y539F and Y153N exhibited no enzymatic activity, but their hydrolysates included isomaltotetraose (IMO4). The enzymatic activity of E454G was 1.96 U/ml, which was 3.08 times higher than that before mutation. Moreover, 70% of the enzymatic activity could be retained after holding at 45°C for 180 min, which was 40% higher than that of SP5-Badex. Furthermore, its IMO4 content was 5.62% higher than that of SP5-Badex after hydrolysis at 30°C for 180 min. To investigate the effect of different amino acids on the same mutation site, saturation mutation was induced at site Y153, and the results showed that the enzyme activity of Y153W could be increased by 2 times, and some of the enzyme activity could still be retained at 50°C. Moreover, the enzyme activity increased by 50% compared with that of SP5-Badex after holding at 45°C for 180 min, and the IMO4 content of Y153W was approximately 64.97% after hydrolysis at 30°C for 180 min, which increased by approximately 12.47% compared with that of SP5-Badex. This site is hypothesized to rigidly bind to nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids to improve the stability of the protein structure, which in turn improves the thermal stability and simultaneously increases the IMO4 yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Dongxue Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Qingzhen Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Mingsheng Lyu, ; Shujun Wang,
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Mingsheng Lyu, ; Shujun Wang,
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Amara FB, Bouzid M, Sahnoun M, Nasr YB, Jaouadi B, Bejar S, Jemli S. Valorization of Potato Peels Starch for Efficient β‐Cyclodextrin Production and purification through an Eco‐Friendly Process. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fakhreddine Ben Amara
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymes Engineering Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177 Sfax 3018 Tunisia
- Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences of Sfax University of Sfax Road of Soukra Km, 3.5 Sfax 3038 Tunisia
| | - Moetaz Bouzid
- Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences of Sfax University of Sfax Road of Soukra Km, 3.5 Sfax 3038 Tunisia
| | - Mouna Sahnoun
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymes Engineering Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177 Sfax 3018 Tunisia
| | - Yosri Ben Nasr
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymes Engineering Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177 Sfax 3018 Tunisia
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymes Engineering Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177 Sfax 3018 Tunisia
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymes Engineering Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177 Sfax 3018 Tunisia
| | - Sonia Jemli
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymes Engineering Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177 Sfax 3018 Tunisia
- Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences of Sfax University of Sfax Road of Soukra Km, 3.5 Sfax 3038 Tunisia
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Liu N, Li P, Dong X, Lan Y, Xu L, Wei Z, Wang S. Purification, Characterization, and Hydrolysate Analysis of Dextranase From Arthrobacter oxydans G6-4B. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:813079. [PMID: 35223821 PMCID: PMC8867256 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.813079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dextran has aroused increasingly more attention as the primary pollutant in sucrose production and storage. Although enzymatic hydrolysis is more efficient and environmentally friendly than physical methods, the utilization of dextranase in the sugar industry is restricted by the mismatch of reaction conditions and heterogeneity of hydrolysis products. In this research, a dextranase from Arthrobacter oxydans G6-4B was purified and characterized. Through anion exchange chromatography, dextranase was successfully purified up to 32.25-fold with a specific activity of 288.62 U/mg protein and a Mw of 71.12 kDa. The optimum reaction conditions were 55°C and pH 7.5, and it remained relatively stable in the range of pH 7.0–9.0 and below 60°C, while significantly inhibited by metal ions, such as Ni+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, and Co2+. Noteworthily, a distinction of previous studies was that the hydrolysates of dextran were basically isomalto-triose (more than 73%) without glucose, and the type of hydrolysates tended to be relatively stable in 30 min; dextranase activity showed a great influence on hydrolysate. In conclusion, given the superior thermal stability and simplicity of hydrolysates, the dextranase in this study presented great potential in the sugar industry to remove dextran and obtain isomalto-triose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Nannan Liu,
| | - Peiting Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiujin Dong
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yusi Lan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Linxiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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Liang YY, Zan XY, Sun L, Fu X, Cui FJ, Tan M, Shao ZY, Sun WJ. A uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferase GFUGT88A1 derived from edible mushroom Grifola frondosa extends oligosaccharide chains. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Dong D, Wang X, Deng T, Ning Z, Tian X, Zu H, Ding Y, Wang C, Wang S, Lyu M. A novel dextranase gene from the marine bacterium Bacillus aquimaris S5 and its expression and characteristics. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6105217. [PMID: 33476380 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dextranase specifically hydrolyzes dextran and is used to produce functional isomalto-saccharide prebiotics. Moreover, dextranase is used as an additive in mouthwash to remove dental plaque. We cloned and expressed the dextranase gene of the marine bacterium Bacillus aquimaris S5. The length of the BaDex gene was 1788 bp, encoding 573 amino acids. Using bioinformatics to predict and analyze the amino acid sequence of BaDex, we found the isoelectric point and instability coefficient to be 4.55 and 29.22, respectively. The average hydrophilicity (GRAVY) was -0.662. The secondary structure of BaDex consisted of 145 alpha helices, accounting for 25.31% of the protein; 126 extended strands, accounting for 21.99%; and 282 random coils, accounting for 49.21%. The 3D structure of the BaDex protein was predicted and simulated using SWISS-MODEL, and BaDex was classified as a Glycoside Hydrolase Family 66 protein. The optimal temperature and pH for BaDex activity were 40°C and 6.0, respectively. The hydrolysates had excellent antioxidant activity, and 8 U/mL of BaDex could remove 80% of dental plaque in MBRC experiment. This recombinant protein thus has great promise for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Tian Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Zhe Ning
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Hangtian Zu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Yanshuai Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Cang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Manufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230039, China
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Manufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230039, China
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