1
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Taguchi A, Nakashima R, Nishino K. Structural Basis of Nucleotide Selectivity in Pyruvate Kinase. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168708. [PMID: 39009072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Nucleoside triphosphates are indispensable in numerous biological processes, with enzymes involved in their biogenesis playing pivotal roles in cell proliferation. Pyruvate kinase (PYK), commonly regarded as the terminal glycolytic enzyme that generates ATP in tandem with pyruvate, is also capable of synthesizing a wide range of nucleoside triphosphates from their diphosphate precursors. Despite their substrate promiscuity, some PYKs show preference towards specific nucleotides, suggesting an underlying mechanism for differentiating nucleotide bases. However, the thorough characterization of this mechanism has been hindered by the paucity of nucleotide-bound PYK structures. Here, we present crystal structures of Streptococcus pneumoniae PYK in complex with four different nucleotides. These structures facilitate direct comparison of the protein-nucleotide interactions and offer structural insights into its pronounced selectivity for GTP synthesis. Notably, this selectivity is dependent on a sequence motif in the nucleotide recognition site that is widely present among prokaryotic PYKs, particularly in Firmicutes species. We show that pneumococcal cell growth is significantly impaired when expressing a PYK variant with compromised GTP and UTP synthesis activity, underscoring the importance of PYK in maintaining nucleotide homeostasis. Our findings collectively advance our understanding of PYK biochemistry and prokaryotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Taguchi
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | | | - Kunihiko Nishino
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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2
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Schwarzer E, Skorokhod O. Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins of Malaria Parasites during the Life Cycle. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6145. [PMID: 38892332 PMCID: PMC11173270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are essential for regulating protein functions, influencing various fundamental processes in eukaryotes. These include, but are not limited to, cell signaling, protein trafficking, the epigenetic control of gene expression, and control of the cell cycle, as well as cell proliferation, differentiation, and interactions between cells. In this review, we discuss protein PTMs that play a key role in the malaria parasite biology and its pathogenesis. Phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, lipidation and lipoxidation, glycosylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation, nitrosylation and glutathionylation, all of which occur in malarial parasites, are reviewed. We provide information regarding the biological significance of these modifications along all phases of the complex life cycle of Plasmodium spp. Importantly, not only the parasite, but also the host and vector protein PTMs are often crucial for parasite growth and development. In addition to metabolic regulations, protein PTMs can result in epitopes that are able to elicit both innate and adaptive immune responses of the host or vector. We discuss some existing and prospective results from antimalarial drug discovery trials that target various PTM-related processes in the parasite or host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Schwarzer
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Oleksii Skorokhod
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
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3
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Kieffer C, Primas N, Hutter S, Merckx A, Reininger L, Bach S, Ruchaud S, Gaillard F, Laget M, Amrane D, Hervé L, Castera-Ducros C, Renault J, Dumètre A, Rault S, Doerig C, Rathelot P, Vanelle P, Azas N, Verhaeghe P. Target fishing reveals PfPYK-1 and PfRab6 as potential targets of an antiplasmodial 4-anilino-2-trichloromethylquinazoline hit compound. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 102:117654. [PMID: 38452406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
We present investigations about the mechanism of action of a previously reported 4-anilino-2-trichloromethylquinazoline antiplasmodial hit-compound (Hit A), which did not share a common mechanism of action with established commercial antimalarials and presented a stage-specific effect on the erythrocytic cycle of P. falciparum at 8 < t < 16 h. The target of Hit A was searched by immobilising the molecule on a solid support via a linker and performing affinity chromatography on a plasmodial lysate. Several anchoring positions of the linker (6,7 and 3') and PEG-type linkers were assessed, to obtain a linked-hit molecule displaying in vitro antiplasmodial activity similar to that of unmodified Hit A. This allowed us to identify the PfPYK-1 kinase and the PfRab6 GTP-ase as potential targets of Hit A.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kieffer
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - N Primas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques, Hôpital Conception, Marseille 13005, France
| | - S Hutter
- Aix Marseille Univ, IHU Méditerranée Infection, UMR VITROME, IRD, SSA, Mycology & Tropical Eucaryotic Pathogens, Marseille, France
| | - A Merckx
- Université Paris Cité, MERIT, IRD, Paris, France
| | - L Reininger
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR2424, Plateforme de criblage KISSf (Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening Facility), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - S Bach
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR2424, Plateforme de criblage KISSf (Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening Facility), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - S Ruchaud
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR2424, Plateforme de criblage KISSf (Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening Facility), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - F Gaillard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR2424, Plateforme de criblage KISSf (Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening Facility), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - M Laget
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERMN, SSA, MCT, Marseille, France
| | - D Amrane
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - L Hervé
- Université Paris Cité, MERIT, IRD, Paris, France
| | - C Castera-Ducros
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques, Hôpital Conception, Marseille 13005, France
| | - J Renault
- Université de Rennes - Faculté de Pharmacie, ISCR UMR CNRS 6226, Equipe CORINT, Rennes, France
| | - A Dumètre
- Aix Marseille Univ, IHU Méditerranée Infection, UMR VITROME, IRD, SSA, Mycology & Tropical Eucaryotic Pathogens, Marseille, France
| | - S Rault
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - C Doerig
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - P Rathelot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques, Hôpital Conception, Marseille 13005, France
| | - P Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques, Hôpital Conception, Marseille 13005, France
| | - N Azas
- Aix Marseille Univ, IHU Méditerranée Infection, UMR VITROME, IRD, SSA, Mycology & Tropical Eucaryotic Pathogens, Marseille, France.
| | - P Verhaeghe
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France; LCC-CNRS Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; Service de Pharmacie, CHU de Nîmes, Place R. Debré, Nîmes, France.
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4
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Swint-Kruse L, Dougherty LL, Page B, Wu T, O’Neil PT, Prasannan CB, Timmons C, Tang Q, Parente DJ, Sreenivasan S, Holyoak T, Fenton AW. PYK-SubstitutionOME: an integrated database containing allosteric coupling, ligand affinity and mutational, structural, pathological, bioinformatic and computational information about pyruvate kinase isozymes. Database (Oxford) 2023; 2023:baad030. [PMID: 37171062 PMCID: PMC10176505 DOI: 10.1093/database/baad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Interpreting changes in patient genomes, understanding how viruses evolve and engineering novel protein function all depend on accurately predicting the functional outcomes that arise from amino acid substitutions. To that end, the development of first-generation prediction algorithms was guided by historic experimental datasets. However, these datasets were heavily biased toward substitutions at positions that have not changed much throughout evolution (i.e. conserved). Although newer datasets include substitutions at positions that span a range of evolutionary conservation scores, these data are largely derived from assays that agglomerate multiple aspects of function. To facilitate predictions from the foundational chemical properties of proteins, large substitution databases with biochemical characterizations of function are needed. We report here a database derived from mutational, biochemical, bioinformatic, structural, pathological and computational studies of a highly studied protein family-pyruvate kinase (PYK). A centerpiece of this database is the biochemical characterization-including quantitative evaluation of allosteric regulation-of the changes that accompany substitutions at positions that sample the full conservation range observed in the PYK family. We have used these data to facilitate critical advances in the foundational studies of allosteric regulation and protein evolution and as rigorous benchmarks for testing protein predictions. We trust that the collected dataset will be useful for the broader scientific community in the further development of prediction algorithms. Database URL https://github.com/djparente/PYK-DB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liskin Swint-Kruse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Larissa L Dougherty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Braelyn Page
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Tiffany Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Pierce T O’Neil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Charulata B Prasannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Cody Timmons
- Chemistry Department, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 100 Campus Dr., Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Qingling Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Daniel J Parente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Shwetha Sreenivasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Todd Holyoak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Aron W Fenton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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5
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Yue WW, Yan SW, Zhang R, Cheng YK, Liu RD, Long SR, Zhang X, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Characterization of a novel pyruvate kinase from Trichinella spiralis and its participation in sugar metabolism, larval molting and development. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010881. [PMID: 36315477 PMCID: PMC9621426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyruvate kinase widely exists in many parasites and plays an important role in the energy production for the parasites. Pyruvate kinase might be a potential drug target for killing the parasites. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biological characteristics and roles of T. spiralis pyruvate kinase M (TsPKM) in sugar metabolism, larval molting and development of T. spiralis. Methodology/Principal findings TsPKM has two functional domains of pyruvate kinase and the tertiary structure of TsPKM is tetramer which has the enzyme active site constituted by 8 amino-acid residues (Arg71, Asn73, Asp110, Phe241, Lys267, Glu269, Asp293 and Thr325). Recombinant TsPKM (rTsPKM) was expressed and purified. The rTsPKM had good immunogenicity. RT-PCR and Western blot showed that TsPKM was transcribed and expressed at various developmental stages in T. spiralis lifecycle. Immunofluorescence test showed that TsPKM was principally located in the cuticle, muscle, stichosome, intestine and the intrauterine embryos of female adults. rTsPKM catalyzed the reaction of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to produce pyruvic acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). TsPKM played an important role in the metabolism and energy production of T. spiralis. After silencing of TsPKM gene by specific dsRNA-TsPKM2, protein expression and enzyme activity of TsPKM decreased by 50.91 and 26.06%, respectively. After treatment with RNAi, natural TsPKM enzyme activity, larval molting, sugar metabolism, growth and development of T. spiralis were significantly reduced. Conclusions TsPKM participates in the larval molting, sugar metabolism, growth and development of T. spiralis and it might be a candidate target of therapeutic drug of trichinellosis. Pyruvate kinases belong to transferases and can transfer the high-energy phosphate bond of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to produce pyruvic acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Pyruvate kinases play a significant biological role in the parasite survival in hosts. Our results revealed that TsPKM was expressed at various T. spiralis developmental stages, and principally located in the cuticle, stichosome, intestine and the intrauterine embryos of female adults. rTsPKM catalyzed the reaction of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to produce pyruvic acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). TsPKM played an important role in the metabolism and energy production of T. spiralis. Protein expression and enzyme activity of TsPKM were decreased by 50.91 and 26.06% respectively through silencing of TsPKM gene using specific dsRNA-TsPKM2. After treatment with RNAi and inhibitor tannin, natural TsPKM activity, larval molting, sugar metabolism, growth and development of T. spiralis were obviously inhibited. Our results showed that TsPKM participates in T. spiralis molting, sugar metabolism and development, and it might be a candidate target for anti-Trichinella drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen Yue
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Wei Yan
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Kang Cheng
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shao Rong Long
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China,* E-mail: (ZQW); (JC)
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China,* E-mail: (ZQW); (JC)
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6
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Dillenberger M, Rahlfs S, Becker K, Fritz-Wolf K. Prominent role of cysteine residues C49 and C343 in regulating Plasmodiumfalciparum pyruvate kinase activity. Structure 2022; 30:1452-1461.e3. [PMID: 35998635 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe form of malaria and is highly dependent on glycolysis. Glycolytic enzymes were shown to be massively redox regulated, inter alia via oxidative post-translational modifications (oxPTMs) of their cysteine residues. In this study, we identified P. falciparum pyruvate kinase (PfPK) C49 and C343 as amino acid residues essentially involved in maintaining structural and functional integrity of the enzyme. The mutation of these cysteines resulted in an altered substrate affinity, lower enzymatic activities, and, as studied by X-ray crystallography, conformational changes within the A-domain where the substrate binding site is located. Although the loss of a cysteine evoked an impaired catalysis in both mutants, the effects observed for mutant C49A were more severe: multiple conformational changes, caused by the loss of two hydrogen bonds, impeded proper substrate binding and thus the transfer of phosphate upon catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Dillenberger
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rahlfs
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Karin Fritz-Wolf
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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7
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Silvestre A, Shintre SS, Rachidi N. Released Parasite-Derived Kinases as Novel Targets for Antiparasitic Therapies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:825458. [PMID: 35252034 PMCID: PMC8893276 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.825458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient manipulation of their host cell is an essential feature of intracellular parasites. Most molecular mechanisms governing the subversion of host cell by protozoan parasites involve the release of parasite-derived molecules into the host cell cytoplasm and direct interaction with host proteins. Among these released proteins, kinases are particularly important as they govern the subversion of important host pathways, such as signalling or metabolic pathways. These enzymes, which catalyse the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP onto serine, threonine, tyrosine or histidine residues to covalently modify proteins, are involved in numerous essential biological processes such as cell cycle or transport. Although little is known about the role of most of the released parasite-derived kinases in the host cell, they are examples of kinases hijacking host cellular pathways such as signal transduction or apoptosis, which are essential for immune response evasion as well as parasite survival and development. Here we present the current knowledge on released protozoan kinases and their involvement in host-pathogen interactions. We also highlight the knowledge gaps remaining before considering those kinases - involved in host signalling subversion - as antiparasitic drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Silvestre
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Anne Silvestre, ; Najma Rachidi,
| | - Sharvani Shrinivas Shintre
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris and INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Najma Rachidi
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris and INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Anne Silvestre, ; Najma Rachidi,
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8
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Hai Y, Cai ZM, Li PJ, Wei MY, Wang CY, Gu YC, Shao CL. Trends of antimalarial marine natural products: progresses, challenges and opportunities. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:969-990. [DOI: 10.1039/d1np00075f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the antimalarial marine natural products, focusing on their chemistry, malaria-related targets and mechanisms, and highlighting their potential for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zi-Mu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Peng-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mei-Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
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9
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Cui J, Tcherkez G. Potassium dependency of enzymes in plant primary metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:522-530. [PMID: 34174657 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Potassium is a macroelement essential to many aspects of plant life, such as photosynthesis, phloem transport or cellular electrochemistry. Many enzymes in animals or microbes are known to be stimulated or activated by potassium (K+ ions). Several plant enzymes are also strictly K+-dependent, and this can be critical when plants are under K deficiency and thus intracellular K+ concentration is low. Although metabolic effects of low K conditions have been documented, there is presently no review focusing on roles of K+ for enzyme catalysis or activation in plants. In this mini-review, we compile the current knowledge on K+-requirement of plant enzymes and take advantage of structural data to present biochemical roles of K+. This information is instrumental to explain direct effects of low K+ content on metabolism and this is illustrated with recent metabolomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, 2601, Canberra, Australia
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, 2601, Canberra, Australia; Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRAe Angers, Université d'Angers, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070, Beaucouzé, France.
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