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Zeng Y, Ahmed HGMD, Li X, Yang L, Pu X, Yang X, Yang T, Yang J. Physiological Mechanisms by Which the Functional Ingredients in Beer Impact Human Health. Molecules 2024; 29:3110. [PMID: 38999065 PMCID: PMC11243521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutritional therapy, for example through beer, is the best solution to human chronic diseases. In this article, we demonstrate the physiological mechanisms of the functional ingredients in beer with health-promoting effects, based on the PubMed, Google, CNKI, and ISI Web of Science databases, published from 1997 to 2024. Beer, a complex of barley malt and hops, is rich in functional ingredients. The health effects of beer against 26 chronic diseases are highly similar to those of barley due to the physiological mechanisms of polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavonoids), melatonin, minerals, bitter acids, vitamins, and peptides. Functional beer with low purine and high active ingredients made from pure barley malt, as well as an additional functional food, represents an important development direction, specifically, ginger beer, ginseng beer, and coix-lily beer, as consumed by our ancestors ca. 9000 years ago. Low-purine beer can be produced via enzymatic and biological degradation and adsorption of purines, as well as dandelion addition. Therefore, this review paper not only reveals the physiological mechanisms of beer in overcoming chronic human diseases, but also provides a scientific basis for the development of functional beer with health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Xia Li
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Li'e Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650205, China
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Schiano E, Iannuzzo F, Stornaiuolo M, Guerra F, Tenore GC, Novellino E. Gengricin ®: A Nutraceutical Formulation for Appetite Control and Therapeutic Weight Management in Adults Who Are Overweight/Obese. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2596. [PMID: 38473841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the field of nutritional science and metabolic disorders, there is a growing interest in natural bitter compounds capable of interacting with bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) useful for obesity management and satiety control. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a nutraceutical formulation containing a combination of molecules appropriately designed to simultaneously target and stimulate these receptors. Specifically, the effect on CCK release exerted by a multi-component nutraceutical formulation (Cinchona bark, Chicory, and Gentian roots in a 1:1:1 ratio, named Gengricin®) was investigated in a CaCo-2 cell line, in comparison with Cinchona alone. In addition, these nutraceutical formulations were tested through a 3-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted in subjects who were overweight-obese following a hypocaloric diet. Interestingly, the Gengricin® group exhibited a significant greater weight loss and improvement in body composition than the Placebo and Cinchona groups, indicating its effectiveness in promoting weight regulation. Additionally, the Gengricin® group reported higher satiety levels and a significant increase in serum CCK levels, suggesting a physiological basis for the observed effects on appetite control. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of natural nutraceutical strategies based on the combination of bitter compounds in modulating gut hormone release for effective appetite control and weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Schiano
- Inventia Biotech-Healthcare Food Research Center s.r.l., Strada Statale Sannitica KM 20.700, 81020 Caserta, Italy
| | - Fortuna Iannuzzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara G. D'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 59, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Guerra
- NGN Healthcare-New Generation Nutraceuticals s.r.l., Torrette Via Nazionale 207, 83013 Mercogliano, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 59, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Inventia Biotech-Healthcare Food Research Center s.r.l., Strada Statale Sannitica KM 20.700, 81020 Caserta, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Chiurazzi M, De Conno B, Di Lauro M, Guida B, Nasti G, Schiano E, Stornaiuolo M, Tenore GC, Colantuoni A, Novellino E. The Effects of a Cinchona Supplementation on Satiety, Weight Loss and Body Composition in a Population of Overweight/Obese Adults: A Controlled Randomized Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:5033. [PMID: 38140292 PMCID: PMC10745730 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for several diseases present worldwide. Currently, dietary changes and physical activity are considered the most effective treatment to reduce obesity and its associated comorbidities. To promote weight loss, hypocaloric diets can be supported by nutraceuticals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a hypocaloric diet associated with Cinchona succirubra supplementation on satiety, body weight and body composition in obese subjects. Fifty-nine overweight/obese adults, were recruited, randomized into two groups and treated for 2 months. The first group (32 adults) was treated with a hypocaloric diet plus cinchona supplementation (the T-group); the second one (27 adults) was treated with a hypocaloric diet plus a placebo supplementation (the P-group). Anthropometric-measurements as well as bioimpedance analysis, a Zung test and biochemical parameters were evaluated at baseline and after 60 days. T-group adults showed significant improvement in nutritional status and body composition compared to those at the baseline and in the P-group. Moreover, T-group adults did not show a reduction in Cholecystokinin serum levels compared to those of P-group adults. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that a hypocaloric diet associated with cinchona supplementation is effective in inducing more significant weight loss and the re-establishment of metabolic parameters than those obtained with a hypocaloric diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Chiurazzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.L.); (B.G.); (G.N.); (A.C.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, AO “A. Cardarelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara De Conno
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.L.); (B.G.); (G.N.); (A.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Mariastella Di Lauro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.L.); (B.G.); (G.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Bruna Guida
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.L.); (B.G.); (G.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Gilda Nasti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.L.); (B.G.); (G.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Schiano
- Inventia Biotech Centro Ricerche Alimentari Healthcare, 81120 Caserta, Italy; (E.S.); (E.N.)
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Antonio Colantuoni
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.L.); (B.G.); (G.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Inventia Biotech Centro Ricerche Alimentari Healthcare, 81120 Caserta, Italy; (E.S.); (E.N.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Kanatome A, Takara T, Umeda S, Ano Y. Effects of matured hop bitter acids on heart rate variability and cognitive performance: A randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Narukawa M, Misaka T. Identification of mouse bitter taste receptors that respond to resveratrol, a bitter-tasting polyphenolic compound. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1431-1437. [PMID: 35881472 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The mouse bitter taste receptors (Tas2rs) that respond to resveratrol, a bitter-tasting polyphenolic compound, were identified. Among 35 members of the Tas2r family, Tas2r108, 109, 131, and 137 responded to resveratrol treatment. mRNA expression levels of Tas2r108 and Tas2r137 were higher than those of Tas2r109 and Tas2r131 in mouse circumvallate papillae, indicating that Tas2r108 and Tas2r137 may play important roles in detecting the bitterness of resveratrol in the oral cavity. The mRNA expression of Tas2r137 and Tas2r108 were also observed in several tissues, suggesting that Tas2r108 and Tas2r137 may also be involved in the physiological action of resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Narukawa
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Misaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Tas2R activation relaxes airway smooth muscle by release of Gα t targeting on AChR signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121513119. [PMID: 35737832 PMCID: PMC9245679 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121513119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are severe respiratory diseases. Bitter receptor-mediated bronchodilation is a potential therapy for asthma, but the mechanism underlying the agonistic relaxation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) is not well defined. By exploring the ASM relaxation mechanism of bitter substances, we observed that pretreatment with the bitter substances nearly abolished the methacholine (MCh)-induced increase in the ASM cell (ASMC) calcium concentration, thereby suppressing the calcium-induced contraction release. The ASM relaxation was significantly inhibited by simultaneous deletion of three Gαt proteins, suggesting an interaction between Tas2R and AChR signaling cascades in the relaxation process. Biochemically, the Gαt released by Tas2R activation complexes with AChR and blocks the Gαq cycling of AChR signal transduction. More importantly, a bitter substance, kudinoside A, not only attenuates airway constriction but also significantly inhibits pulmonary inflammation and tissue remodeling in COPD rats, indicating its modulation of additional Gαq-associated pathological processes. Thus, our results suggest that Tas2R activation may be an ideal strategy for halting multiple pathological processes of COPD.
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Hendel SK, Kellermann L, Hausmann A, Bindslev N, Jensen KB, Nielsen OH. Tuft Cells and Their Role in Intestinal Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:822867. [PMID: 35237268 PMCID: PMC8884241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interests in intestinal epithelial tuft cells, their basic physiology, involvement in immune responses and relevance for gut diseases, have increased dramatically over the last fifteen years. A key discovery in 2016 of their close connection to helminthic and protozoan infection has further spurred the exploration of these rare chemosensory epithelial cells. Although very sparse in number, tuft cells are now known as important sentinels in the gastrointestinal tract as they monitor intestinal content using succinate as well as sweet and bitter taste receptors. Upon stimulation, tuft cells secrete a broad palette of effector molecules, including interleukin-25, prostaglandin E2 and D2, cysteinyl leukotriene C4, acetylcholine, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and β-endorphins, some of which with immunomodulatory functions. Tuft cells have proven indispensable in anti-helminthic and anti-protozoan immunity. Most studies on tuft cells are based on murine experiments using double cortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) as a marker, while human intestinal tuft cells can be identified by their expression of the cyclooxygenase-1 enzyme. So far, only few studies have examined tuft cells in humans and their relation to gut disease. Here, we present an updated view on intestinal epithelial tuft cells, their physiology, immunological hub function, and their involvement in human disease. We close with a discussion on how tuft cells may have potential therapeutic value in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kjærgaard Hendel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Sebastian Kjærgaard Hendel,
| | - Lauge Kellermann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Annika Hausmann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Bindslev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Bak Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Qiao Y, Zhang Y, Peng S, Huo M, Li J, Cao Y, Chen Z. Property theory of Chinese materia medica: Clinical pharmacodynamics of traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Laurent AJ, Bindslev N, Vukojević V, Terenius L. Iso-α-acids in Nonalcoholic and Alcoholic Beer Stimulate Growth of Neuron-like SH-SY5Y Cells and Neuroepithelial Stem Cells. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2021; 1:11-20. [PMID: 37101982 PMCID: PMC10125168 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.1c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing popularity of nonalcoholic beer, the association between beer drinking and alcohol intake is lost. In the present study, we show that nonalcoholic beer can stimulate the expansion of neuron-like cell lines and neuroepithelial stem cells in culture, yielding an effect comparable to that of alcoholic beer. One ingredient in beer is hops, which is derived from the flower of hop plants. The female flower contains humulones, which are transformed into iso-α-acids during wort boiling and give beer its bitter taste. In this study, we tested the effects of these iso-α-acids and/or alcohol on the proliferation of neuron-like cells and neuroepithelial stem cells in culture. Iso-α-acids enhanced cell expansion, showing a bimodal dose-response curve with peaks around 2-30 nM and 2-5 μM, of which nanomolar concentrations are relevant in beer drinking. The more lipophilic trans-iso-α-acids, found to a greater extent in beer foam, are even more potent. Our results indicate that iso-α-acids, acting via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors could be responsible for the observed effects. Altogether, our results indicate that nonalcoholic beer with ingredients such as iso-α-acids stimulate the proliferation of neuroepithelial stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta J. Laurent
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Bindslev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Vladana Vukojević
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Terenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Hop Bitter Acids Increase Hippocampal Dopaminergic Activity in a Mouse Model of Social Defeat Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249612. [PMID: 33348553 PMCID: PMC7766517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As daily lifestyle is closely associated with mental illnesses, diet-based preventive approaches are receiving attention. Supplementation with hop bitter acids such as iso-α-acids (IAA) and mature hop bitter acids (MHBA) improves mood states in healthy older adults. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Since acute oral consumption with IAA increases dopamine levels in hippocampus and improves memory impairment via vagal nerve activation, here we investigated the effects of chronic administration of hop bitter acids on the dopaminergic activity associated with emotional disturbance in a mouse model of repeated social defeat stress (R-SDS). Chronic administration of IAA and MHBA significantly increased dopaminergic activity based on the dopamine metabolite to dopamine ratio in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex following R-SDS. Hippocampal dopaminergic activity was inversely correlated with the level of R-SDS-induced social avoidance with or without IAA administration. Therefore, chronic treatment with hop bitter acids enhances stress resilience-related hippocampal dopaminergic activity.
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