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Wang J, He W, Li C, Ma Y, Liu M, Ye J, Sun L, Su J, Zhou L. Focus on negatively regulated NLRs in inflammation and cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112347. [PMID: 38820966 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization structural domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) play an important role in innate immunity as cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Over the past decade, considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms by which NLR family members regulate immune system function, particularly the formation of inflammasome and downstream inflammatory signals. However, recent studies have shown that some members of the NLRs, including Nlrp12, NLRX1, and NLRC3, are important in the negative regulation of inflammatory signaling and are involved in the development of various diseases, including inflammatory diseases and cancer. Based on this, in this review, we first summarize the interactions between canonical and non-canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways that are mainly involved in NLRs, then highlight the mechanisms by which the above NLRs negatively regulate inflammatory signaling responses as well as their roles in tumor progression, and finally summarize the synthetic and natural derivatives with therapeutic effects on these NLRs, which are considered as potential therapeutic agents for overcoming inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130012, China; Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenjing He
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jinxiang Ye
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Changchun Tongyuan Hospital, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jing Su
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130012, China.
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2
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Zuo B, Fan X, Xu D, Zhao L, Zhang B, Li X. Deciphering the mitochondria-inflammation axis: Insights and therapeutic strategies for heart failure. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112697. [PMID: 39024750 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome resulting from left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, leading to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite improvements in medical treatment, the prognosis of HF patients remains unsatisfactory, with high rehospitalization rates and substantial economic burdens. The heart, a high-energy-consuming organ, relies heavily on ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by impaired energy production, oxidative stress, and disrupted calcium homeostasis, plays a crucial role in HF pathogenesis. Additionally, inflammation contributes significantly to HF progression, with elevated levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines observed in patients. The interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation involves shared risk factors, signaling pathways, and potential therapeutic targets. This review comprehensively explores the mechanisms linking mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in HF, including the roles of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium dysregulation, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release in triggering inflammatory responses. Understanding these complex interactions offers insights into novel therapeutic approaches for improving mitochondrial function and relieving oxidative stress and inflammation. Targeted interventions that address the mitochondria-inflammation axis hold promise for enhancing cardiac function and outcomes in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baile Zuo
- Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiu Fan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bi Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Heping Branch, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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3
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Que X, Zheng S, Song Q, Pei H, Zhang P. Fantastic voyage: The journey of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Genes Dis 2024; 11:819-829. [PMID: 37692521 PMCID: PMC10491867 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome, an intracellular multiprotein complex, can be activated by a range of pathogenic microbes or endogenous hazardous chemicals. Its activation results in the release of cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, as well as Gasdermin D which eventually causes pyroptosis. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is under strict control and regulation by numerous pathways and mechanisms. Its excessive activation can lead to a persistent inflammatory response, which is linked to the onset and progression of severe illnesses. Recent studies have revealed that the subcellular localization of NLRP3 changes significantly during the activation process. In this review, we review the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, focusing on the subcellular localization of NLRP3 and the associated regulatory mechanisms. We aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic transportation, activation, and degradation processes of NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyong Que
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Sihao Zheng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Huadong Pei
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Pingfeng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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4
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Wang L, Shi S, Unterreiner A, Kapetanovic R, Ghosh S, Sanchez J, Aslani S, Xiong Y, Hsu CL, Donovan KA, Farady CJ, Fischer ES, Bornancin F, Matthias P. HDAC6/aggresome processing pathway importance for inflammasome formation is context-dependent. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105638. [PMID: 38199570 PMCID: PMC10850954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a large multiprotein complex that assembles in the cell cytoplasm in response to stress or pathogenic infection. Its primary function is to defend the cell and promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18. Previous research has shown that in immortalized bone marrow-derived macrophages (iBMDMs) inflammasome assembly is dependent on the deacetylase HDAC6 and the aggresome processing pathway (APP), a cellular pathway involved in the disposal of misfolded proteins. Here we used primary BMDMs from mice in which HDAC6 is ablated or impaired and found that inflammasome activation was largely normal. We also used human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocyte cell lines expressing a synthetic protein blocking the HDAC6-ubiquitin interaction and impairing the APP and found that inflammasome activation was moderately affected. Finally, we used a novel HDAC6 degrader and showed that inflammasome activation was partially impaired in human macrophage cell lines with depleted HDAC6. Our results therefore show that HDAC6 importance in inflammasome activation is context-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Wang
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Shihua Shi
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sucheta Ghosh
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacint Sanchez
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Selma Aslani
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chi-Lin Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Patrick Matthias
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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5
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Bornancin F, Dekker C. A phospho-harmonic orchestra plays the NLRP3 score. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281607. [PMID: 38022631 PMCID: PMC10654991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 is a prototypical sensor protein connecting cellular stress to pro-inflammatory signaling. A complex array of regulatory steps is required to switch NLRP3 from an inactive state into a primed entity that is poised to assemble an inflammasome. Accumulating evidence suggests that post-translational mechanisms are critical. In particular, phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and ubiquitylation/deubiquitylation reactions have been reported to regulate NLRP3. Taken individually, several post-translational modifications appear to be essential. However, it remains difficult to understand how they may be coordinated, whether there is a unique sequence of regulatory steps accounting for the functional maturation of NLRP3, or whether the sequence is subject to variations depending on cell type, the stimulus, and other parameters such as the cellular context. This review will focus on the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, and on kinases and phosphatases that have been reported to modulate NLRP3 activity. The aim is to try to integrate the current understanding and highlight potential gaps for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carien Dekker
- Discovery Sciences Department, Novartis Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Gao Y, Yu S, Chen M, Wang X, Pan L, Wei B, Meng G. cFLIP S regulates alternative NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human monocytes. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1203-1215. [PMID: 37591930 PMCID: PMC10541859 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune responses, including inflammasome activation, are paramount for host defense against pathogen infection. In contrast to canonical and noncanonical inflammasome activation, in this study, heat-killed gram-negative bacteria (HK bacteria) were identified as single-step stimulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocytes, and they caused a moderate amount of IL-1β to be released from cells. Time course experiments showed that this alternative inflammasome response was finished within a few hours. Further analysis showed that the intrinsically limited NLRP3 inflammasome activation response was due to the negative regulation of caspase-8 by the short isoform of cFLIP (cFLIPs), which was activated by NF-κB. In contrast, overexpressed cFLIPS, but not overexpressed cFLIPL, inhibited the activation of caspase-8 and the release of IL-1β in response to HK bacteria infection in human monocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TAK1 activity mediated the expression of cFLIPs and was upstream and essential for the caspase-8 cleavage induced by HK bacteria in human monocytes. The functional specificity of cFLIPs and TAK1 revealed unique responses of human monocytes to a noninvasive pathogen, providing novel insights into an alternative regulatory pathway of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shi Yu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengdan Chen
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Lei Pan
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Pasteurien College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Guangxun Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Pasteurien College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
- Nanjing Advanced Academy of Life and Health, Nanjing, 211135, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Wang L, Unterreiner A, Kapetanovic R, Aslani S, Xiong Y, Donovan KA, Farady CJ, Fischer ES, Bornancin F, Matthias P. HDAC6/aggresome processing pathway importance for inflammasome formation is context dependent. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.15.553363. [PMID: 37645730 PMCID: PMC10461986 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.15.553363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The inflammasome is a large multiprotein complex that assembles in the cell cytoplasm in response to stress or pathogenic infection. Its primary function is to defend the cell and promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18. It was shown that in immortalized bone marrow derived macrophages (iBMDMs) inflammasome assembly is dependent on the deacetylase HDAC6 and the aggresome processing pathway (APP), a cellular pathway involved in the disposal of misfolded proteins. Here we used primary BMDMs from mice in which HDAC6 is ablated or impaired and found that inflammasome activation was largely normal. We also used human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocytes cell lines expressing a synthetic protein blocking HDAC6-ubiquitin interaction and impairing the APP and found that inflammasome activation was moderately affected. Finally, we used a novel HDAC6 degrader and showed that inflammasome activation was partially impaired in human macrophage cell lines with depleted HDAC6. Our results therefore show that HDAC6 importance in inflammasome activation is context dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Wang
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Selma Aslani
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | | | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | | | - Patrick Matthias
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Nie Y, Mou L, Long Q, Deng D, Hu R, Cheng J, Wu J. SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a positively regulates NF-κB activity by enhancing IKKβ-NEMO interaction. Virus Res 2023; 328:199086. [PMID: 36894068 PMCID: PMC10009424 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients with severe COVID-19 exhibit robust induction of proinflammatory cytokines, which are closely associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, the underlying mechanisms of the NF-κB activation mediated by SARS-CoV-2 infection remain poorly understood. Here, we screened SARS-CoV-2 genes and found that ORF3a induces proinflammatory cytokines by activating the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, we found that ORF3a interacts with IKKβ and NEMO and enhances the interaction of IKKβ-NEMO, thereby positively regulating NF-κB activity. Together, these results suggest ORF3a may play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and provide novel insights into the interaction between host immune responses and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Nie
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; These authors contributed equally: Ying Nie, Lumin Mou
| | - Lumin Mou
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; These authors contributed equally: Ying Nie, Lumin Mou
| | - Qizhou Long
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Dongqing Deng
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rongying Hu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jinzhi Cheng
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiahong Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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9
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Mussbacher M, Derler M, Basílio J, Schmid JA. NF-κB in monocytes and macrophages - an inflammatory master regulator in multitalented immune cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1134661. [PMID: 36911661 PMCID: PMC9995663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a dimeric transcription factor constituted by two of five protein family members. It plays an essential role in inflammation and immunity by regulating the expression of numerous chemokines, cytokines, transcription factors, and regulatory proteins. Since NF-κB is expressed in almost all human cells, it is important to understand its cell type-, tissue-, and stimulus-specific roles as well as its temporal dynamics and disease-specific context. Although NF-κB was discovered more than 35 years ago, many questions are still unanswered, and with the availability of novel technologies such as single-cell sequencing and cell fate-mapping, new fascinating questions arose. In this review, we will summarize current findings on the role of NF-κB in monocytes and macrophages. These innate immune cells show high plasticity and dynamically adjust their effector functions against invading pathogens and environmental cues. Their versatile functions can range from antimicrobial defense and antitumor immune responses to foam cell formation and wound healing. NF-κB is crucial for their activation and balances their phenotypes by finely coordinating transcriptional and epigenomic programs. Thereby, NF-κB is critically involved in inflammasome activation, cytokine release, and cell survival. Macrophage-specific NF-κB activation has far-reaching implications in the development and progression of numerous inflammatory diseases. Moreover, recent findings highlighted the temporal dynamics of myeloid NF-κB activation and underlined the complexity of this inflammatory master regulator. This review will provide an overview of the complex roles of NF-κB in macrophage signal transduction, polarization, inflammasome activation, and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mussbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Derler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - José Basílio
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- INESC ID–Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Johannes A. Schmid
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Heiser D, Rubert J, Unterreiner A, Maurer C, Kamke M, Bodendorf U, Farady CJ, Roediger B, Bornancin F. Evaluation of protein kinase D auto-phosphorylation as biomarker for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248668. [PMID: 34767572 PMCID: PMC8589197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical component of sterile inflammation, which is involved in many diseases. However, there is currently no known proximal biomarker for measuring NLRP3 activation in pathological conditions. Protein kinase D (PKD) has emerged as an important NLRP3 kinase that catalyzes the release of a phosphorylated NLRP3 species that is competent for inflammasome complex assembly. METHODS To explore the potential for PKD activation to serve as a selective biomarker of the NLRP3 pathway, we tested various stimulatory conditions in THP-1 and U937 cell lines, probing the inflammasome space beyond NLRP3. We analyzed the correlation between PKD activation (monitored by its auto-phosphorylation) and functional inflammasome readouts. RESULTS PKD activation/auto-phosphorylation always preceded cleavage of caspase-1 and gasdermin D, and treatment with the PKD inhibitor CRT0066101 could block NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and interleukin-1β production. Conversely, blocking NLRP3 either genetically or using the MCC950 inhibitor prevented PKD auto-phosphorylation, indicating a bidirectional functional crosstalk between NLRP3 and PKD. Further assessments of the pyrin and NLRC4 pathways, however, revealed that PKD auto-phosphorylation can be triggered by a broad range of stimuli unrelated to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. CONCLUSION Although PKD and NLRP3 become functionally interconnected during NLRP3 activation, the promiscuous reactivity of PKD challenges its potential use for tracing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Heiser
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Rubert
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adeline Unterreiner
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudine Maurer
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marion Kamke
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Bodendorf
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher J. Farady
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ben Roediger
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Bornancin
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Nanda SK, Prescott AR, Figueras-Vadillo C, Cohen P. IKKβ is required for the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50743. [PMID: 34403206 PMCID: PMC8490994 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid formation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is induced by co‐stimulation with LPS and nigericin. It requires the LPS‐stimulated activation of IKKβ, which exerts its effects independently of de novo gene transcription, protein translation and other protein kinases activated by IKKβ. IKKβ is not required for the nigericin‐induced dispersion of the trans‐Golgi network (TGN), but to bring NLRP3 in proximity with TGN38. The nigericin‐induced dispersion of the Golgi is enhanced by co‐stimulation with LPS, and this enhancement is IKKβ‐dependent. Prolonged stimulation with LPS to increase the expression of NLRP3, followed by stimulation with nigericin, produced larger TGN38‐positive puncta, and the ensuing activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was also suppressed by IKKβ inhibitors added prior to stimulation with nigericin. IKKβ therefore has a key role in recruiting NLRP3 to the dispersed TGN, leading to the formation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit K Nanda
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alan R Prescott
- Dundee Imaging Facility and Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Philip Cohen
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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