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Huang Y, Liu F, Ren S, Ding Y, Chi M, Huang W, Gu W, Qian H, Yuan Y, Hou S, Chen X, Ma L. Structure Optimization of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase 1 Inhibitors for Treating Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Med Chem 2024; 67:17713-17737. [PMID: 39303278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and lethal lung disease with an elusive etiology. Aberrant activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) has been implicated in its pathogenesis. Through a combination of structure-based drug design and structure-activity relationship (SAR) optimization, a series of pyrimidine-2,4-diamine scaffold derivatives have been developed as potent JNK1 inhibitors. Compound E1 was identified with low nanomolar JNK1 inhibitory potency (IC50 = 2.7 nM). The introduction of a dimethylamine side chain has significantly enhanced the ability of E1 to inhibit c-Jun phosphorylation, surpassing the clinical candidate CC-90001. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed a binding free energy of -50.46 kcal/mol for E1. Moreover, E1 displayed satisfactory pharmacokinetic properties, with a bioavailability of 69% in rats. Furthermore, compound E1 exerted significant antifibrotic effects in a bleomycin-induced IPF mouse model and prevented a TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in vitro. These findings position E1 as a promising lead for further drug development targeting IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fengling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Shuhua Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanqing Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Man Chi
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Hangzhou Matrix Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Wenjing Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hewen Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Shurong Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xiabin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Zhang S, Wang D, Ding Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Zeng J. Inhibition of calpain reduces oxidative stress and attenuates pyroptosis and ferroptosis in Clostridium perfringens Beta-1 toxin-induced macrophages. Microbiol Res 2024; 289:127916. [PMID: 39342748 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens Beta-1 toxin (CPB1) is a lethal toxin, which can lead to necrotic enteritis, but the pathological mechanism has not been elucidated. We investigated whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) participated in CPB1-induced pyroptosis and ferroptosis, and investigated the effects of calpain on CPB1-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Scavenging ROS by N-Acetyl-L cysteine (NAC) led to the reduction of ROS, inhibited the death of macrophages, cytoplasmic swelling and membrane rupture, the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and proinflammatory factor, while increased the expression of anti-inflammatory factors in cells treated with rCPB1. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1 (ATP5A1) was identified specifically interact with rCPB1. Silencing ATP5A1 inhibited accumulation of ATP and ROS, leaded to less cytoplasmic swelling and membrane rupture, attenuated pyroptosis and inflammation in rCPB1-treated cells. We also found that rCPB1 induces ferroptosis in macrophages, and the level of ferroptosis was similar with H2O2. Of note, H2O2 is a major ROS source, indicated that ROS production may play a major role in the regulation of ferroptosis in macrophages treated with rCPB1. This finding was further corroborated in rCPB1- induced human acute monocytic leukemia cells, which were treated with NAC. In addition, the inhibition of ferroptosis using liproxstatin-1 inhibited the shriveled mitochondrial morphology, increased the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) hydrogen: quinone oxidoreductase 1 and cysteine/glutamic acid reverse transport solute carrier family 7 members 11, decreased the expression of heme oxygenase 1, nuclear receptor coactivator 4 and transferrin receptor proteins, reduced malondialdehyde and lipid peroxidation levels, and increased intracellular L-glutathione levels in cells treated with rCPB1. Furthermore, calpain inhibitor PD151746 was used to investigate how pyroptosis and ferroptosis were involved simultaneously in rCPB1-treated macrophages. We showed that PD151746 inhibited ATP and ROS production, reversed the representative pyroptosis/ferroptosis indicators and subsequently reduced inflammation. The above findings indicate that rCPB1 might lead to macrophage pyroptosis and ferroptosis through the large and sustained increase in intracellular calpain and oxidative stress, further lead to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yawen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yujiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Jin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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Mohammed SM, Al-Saedi HFS, Mohammed AQ, Amir AA, Radi UK, Sattar R, Ahmad I, Ramadan MF, Alshahrani MY, Balasim HM, Alawadi A. Mechanisms of Bleomycin-induced Lung Fibrosis: A Review of Therapeutic Targets and Approaches. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:1845-1870. [PMID: 38955925 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary toxicity is a serious side effect of some specific anticancer drugs. Bleomycin is a well-known anticancer drug that triggers severe reactions in the lungs. It is an approved drug that may be prescribed for the treatment of testicular cancers, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancers, and cervical cancer. A large number of experimental studies and clinical findings show that bleomycin can concentrate in lung tissue, leading to massive oxidative stress, alveolar epithelial cell death, the proliferation of fibroblasts, and finally the infiltration of immune cells. Chronic release of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules by immune cells and fibroblasts leads to pneumonitis and fibrosis. Both fibrosis and pneumonitis are serious concerns for patients who receive bleomycin and may lead to death. Therefore, the management of lung toxicity following cancer therapy with bleomycin is a critical issue. This review explains the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pulmonary injury following treatment with bleomycin. Furthermore, we review therapeutic targets and possible promising strategies for ameliorating bleomycin-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacy, Al- Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hilla, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | | | - Ahmed Ali Amir
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Usama Kadem Radi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Ruaa Sattar
- Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Halah Majeed Balasim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technologies, Al Rafidain University College, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
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Liao G, Yan Q, Zhang M, Zhang X, Yang J, Huang H, Liu X, Jiang Y, Gong J, Zhan S, Li D, Huang X. Integrative analysis of network pharmacology and proteomics reveal the protective effect of Xiaoqinglong Decotion on neutrophilic asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118102. [PMID: 38561057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiaoqinglong Decotion (XQLD) is a commonly used Chinese herbal formula in clinical practice, especially for allergic diseases such as asthma. However, its intrinsic mechanism for the treatment of neutrophilic asthma (NA) remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and potential mechanisms of XQLD on NA using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the active compounds, potential targets and mechanisms of XQLD against NA were initially elucidated by network pharmacology. Then, OVA/CFA-induced NA mice were treated with XQLD to assess its efficacy. Proteins were then analyzed and quantified using a Tandem Mass Tags approach for differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) to further reveal the mechanisms of NA treatment by XQLD. Finally, the hub genes, critical DEPs and potential pathways were validated. RESULTS 176 active compounds and 180 targets against NA were identified in XQLD. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network revealed CXCL10, CX3CR1, TLR7, NCF1 and FABP4 as hub genes. In vivo experiments showed that XQLD attenuated inflammatory infiltrates, airway mucus secretion and remodeling in the lungs of NA mice. Moreover, XQLD significantly alleviated airway neutrophil inflammation in NA mice by decreasing the expression of IL-8, MPO and NE. XQLD also reduced the levels of CXCL10, CX3CR1, TLR7, NCF1 and FABP4, which are closely associated with neutrophil inflammation. Proteomics analysis identified 28 overlapping DEPs in the control, NA and XQLD groups, and we found that XQLD inhibited ferroptosis signal pathway (elevated GPX4 and decreased ASCL3) as well as the expression of ARG1, MMP12 and SPP1, while activating the Rap1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This study revealed that inhibition of ARG1, MMP12 and SPP1 expression as well as ferroptosis pathways, and activation of the Rap1 signaling pathway contribute to the therapeutic effect of XQLD on NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liao
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaofen Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Detang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiufang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Shi Z, Du Y, Zheng J, Tang W, Liang Q, Zheng Z, Liu B, Sun H, Wang K, Shao C. Liproxstatin-1 Alleviated Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Inhibiting Ferroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:182. [PMID: 38397780 PMCID: PMC10886111 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, as a novel regulable cell death, is characterized by iron overload, glutathione depletion, and an accumulation of lipid peroxides. Recently, it has been discovered that ferroptosis is involved in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and plays a crucial role in renal tubular cell death. In this study, we tried to investigate the effect and mechanism of liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) in I/R-induced AKI and seek the key regulator of ferroptosis in I/R-induced AKI. Mice were administrated with clamping bilateral renal pedicles for 30 min. We found that early growth response 1 (EGR1) might be a key regulator of ferroptosis, and Lip-1 could suppress ferroptosis via EGR1. Meanwhile, Lip-1 could reduce macrophage recruitment and the release of inflammatory cytokines. These findings indicated that Lip-1 alleviated I/R-induced AKI via regulating EGR1, and it might pave the theoretical basis of a new therapeutic strategy for I/R-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Shi
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China; (Z.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Yifan Du
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China; (Z.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Jianzhong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China; (Z.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Wenbin Tang
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China; (Z.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Qing Liang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China;
| | - Zeyuan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China; (Z.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China; (Z.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Huimin Sun
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China;
| | - Kejia Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China;
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China; (Z.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
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Wang X, Li S, Liu J, Sun W, Zhao H, Han Q, Liu Y, Cao X, Li Q, Jin Y, Guo X, Ren G. Evaluation of prevention and treatment effects of fibroblast growth factor-21 in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3299-3313. [PMID: 37256335 PMCID: PMC10230495 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and fatal fibrotic lung disease and associated with a high mortality rate. In the study, the prevention and treatment effects of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis were investigated in vivo and vitro. In the prevention of pulmonary fibrosis studies, the results showed that interdict of FGF-21 could reduce the related gene and protein expression levels of pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, FGF-21 significantly reduced both the aggregation of inflammatory cells and deposition of collagen in the lung by histopathology. In therapy of pulmonary fibrosis studies, the results indicated that treatment with FGF-21 resulted in an amelioration of the pulmonary fibrosis in mice with reductions of the pathological score, collagen deposition and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressions in the lung tissues at fibrotic stage, and late administration was also able to reduce the degree of pulmonary fibrosis and even better than these in the prevention group. Furthermore, BLM-induced THP-1 macrophage model was verified using FGF-21; the result showed that FGF-21 decreased the related gene expression level of pulmonary fibrosis. FGF-21 may have preventive and therapeutic effects on BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation and inflammatory. Thus, FGF-21 represents a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Wang
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jinmiao Liu
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wenying Sun
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qing Han
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yijia Liu
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaolin Cao
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qianhui Li
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuhan Jin
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaochen Guo
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Guiping Ren
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Research Center of Genetic Engineering of Pharmaceuticals of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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7
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Chen Y, He Z, Zhao B, Zheng R. Downregulation of a potential therapeutic target NPAS2, regulated by p53, alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via suppressing HES1. Cell Signal 2023:110795. [PMID: 37406788 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease and a severe form of pulmonary fibrosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of alveolar epithelial cells is induced in response to epithelial injury, which leads to the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the lung parenchyma and contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. NPAS2 (neuronal PAS domain protein 2) is significantly increased in the lung tissues of IPF patients according to microarray dataset GSE10667 and NPAS2 is downregulated in differentiated human pulmonary type 2 epithelial cells in vitro based on microarray dataset GSE3306 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). In this study, we demonstrated that NPAS2 was increased in bleomycin (BLM)- induced fibrotic lungs in mice. Knockdown of NPAS2 inhibited EMT in primary mouse lung alveolar type 2 epithelial (pmATII) cells and human lung alveolar type 2 epithelial cell line A549 cells under BLM challenge in vitro. Moreover, the silence of NPAS2 alleviated the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a murine model. Mechanistically, NPAS2 promotes EMT through positively regulating hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1) expression. In this study, we present novel findings that have not been previously reported, emphasizing that p53 transcriptionally activates NPAS2 in ATII cells and overexpression of NPAS2 weakens the effects of TP53 knockdown on EMT of pmATII and A549 cells. Our results suggest NPAS2 is a novel target gene of p53 in regulating BLM-mediated EMT in ATII cells and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Zhong He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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8
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Zou X, Huang Z, Zhan Z, Yuan M, Zhang Y, Liu T, Hu X, Fan W, Chen P, Qin H, Zhang S, Xia Y, Zheng S, Pan Z, Huang P. The alcohol extracts of Sceptridium ternatum (Thunb.) Lyon exert anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect through targeting SETDB1/STAT3/p-STAT3 signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116520. [PMID: 37120058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a pathological process of irreversible scarring of lung tissues, with limited treatment means. Sceptridium ternatum (Thunb.) Lyon (STE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has a traditional use in relieving cough and asthma, resolving phlegm, clearing heat, and detoxicating in China. However, its role in PF has not been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the protective role of STE in PF and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control group, PF model group, positive drug (pirfenidone) group and STE group. After 28 days of STE administration in bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF rats, living Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMRI) was used to observe the structural changes of lung tissues. H&E and Masson's trichrome staining were used to observe PF-associated pathological alteration, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, western blotting, and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of PF-related marker proteins in the lung tissues. ELISA was used to detect PF-associated biochemical criteria in the lung tissue homogenates. The proteomics technology was used to screen the different proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, and IHC staining were used to confirm the underlying targets of STE as well as its downstream signaling. UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS assay was used to explore the effective components in the alcohol extracts of STE. Autodock vina was used to detect the potential binding between the above effective components and SETDB1. RESULTS STE prevented PF by inhibiting the activation of lung fibroblasts and ECM deposition in BLM-induced PF rats. Mechanism analyses demonstrated that STE could inhibit the up-regulation of SETDB1 induced by BLM and TGF-β1, which further blocked the binding of SETDB1 and STAT3 as well as the phosphorylation of STAT3, ultimately preventing the activation and proliferation of lung fibroblasts. CONCLUSION STE played a preventive role in PF by targeting the SETBD1/STAT3/p-STAT3 pathway, which may be a potential therapeutic agent for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Zou
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Zhongjie Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Zibo Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Mengnan Yuan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Weijiao Fan
- Clinical Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Hui Qin
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Su Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Yuxuan Xia
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Shuilian Zheng
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Zongfu Pan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Ren GQ, Lv WC, Ding Y, Wang L, Cui ZG, Li RS, Tian JW, Zhang CF. Ginseng saponin metabolite 20(S)-protopanaxadiol relieves pulmonary fibrosis by multiple-targets signaling pathways. J Ginseng Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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10
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Liproxstatin-1 alleviates LPS/IL-13-induced bronchial epithelial cell injury and neutrophilic asthma in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108770. [PMID: 35483233 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ferroptosis is closely associated with respiratory diseases; however, the relationship between ferroptosis and neutrophilic asthma remains unknown. This study investigated whether Liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) affects the progression of neutrophilic asthma by inhibiting ferroptosis and inflammatory response, while dissecting the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS The bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE and BEAS-2B) were administered with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) to generate a cell injury model. This cell model was employed to examine the effect of Lip-1 on airway epithelial-associated inflammation and ferroptosis as well as the underlying molecular mechanism. Meanwhile, we evaluated the effects of Lip-1 on neutrophilic asthma and ferroptosis by using the ovalbumin (OVA)/LPS-induced mouse model. RESULTS Lip-1 reversed the altered expression of ferroptotic regulators (glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2)), attenuated lipid reactive oxygen species (lipid ROS) and ameliorated cell viability in HBE and BEAS-2B cells administered with LPS and IL-13. Moreover, Lip-1 treatment led to a marked reduction in the expression of IL-33, TSLP, IL-8, IL-6, and HMGB1 in the HBE and BEAS-2B cells. In the meantime, administration with Lip-1 markedly relieved OVA/LPS-induced neutrophilic asthma, as indicated by significant improvement in lung pathological changes, airway mucus secretion, inflammation, and ferroptosis. CONCLUSION This study provides data suggesting that Lip-1 alleviates neutrophilic asthma in vivo and in vitro through inhibiting ferroptosis, perhaps providing a new strategy for neutrophilic asthma treatment.
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Ameliorative Effects of Arctigenin on Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by Bleomycin via the Antioxidant Activity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3541731. [PMID: 35847593 PMCID: PMC9277162 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3541731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the in vivo effect of arctigenin (ATG) on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice and assessed the role of antioxidant activity. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, the results of Masson's trichrome, and Sirius red staining showed that bleomycin induced obvious pathological changes and collagen deposition in the lung tissue of mice, which were effectively inhibited by ATG. Specifically, based on immunohistochemistry and western blot results, ATG inhibited the expression of fibrosis markers, such as collagen, fibronectin, and α-SMA. Moreover, ATG regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) in the lung tissue of pulmonary fibrosis mice and reduced the pressure of oxidative stress. ATG also regulated the TGF-β-induced expression of p-Akt, confirming that ATG can inhibit fibrosis through antioxidant activity modulation.
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12
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Guo W, Wu Z, Chen J, Guo S, You W, Wang S, Ma J, Wang H, Wang X, Wang H, Ma J, Yang Y, Tian Y, Shi Q, Gao T, Yi X, Li C. Nanoparticle delivery of miR-21-3p sensitizes melanoma to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy by promoting ferroptosis. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004381. [PMID: 35738798 PMCID: PMC9226924 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy is greatly effective in melanoma treatment, low response rate and treatment resistance significantly hinder its efficacy. Tumor cell ferroptosis triggered by interferon (IFN)-γ that is derived from tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells greatly contributes to the effect of immunotherapy. However, the molecular mechanism underlying IFN-γ-mediated ferroptosis and related potentially promising therapeutic strategy warrant further clarification. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in ferroptosis execution and can be delivered systemically by multiple carriers, which have manifested obvious therapeutic effects on cancer. Methods MiRNAs expression profile in IFN-γ-driven ferroptosis was obtained by RNA sequencing. Biochemical assays were used to clarify the role of miR-21-3p in IFN-γ-driven ferroptosis and the underlying mechanism. MiR-21-3p-loaded gold nanoparticles were constructed and systemically applied to analyze the role of miR-21-3p in anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in preclinical transplanted tumor model. Results MiRNAs expression profile of melanoma cells in IFN-γ-driven ferroptosis was first obtained. Then, upregulated miR-21-3p was proved to facilitate IFN-γ-mediated ferroptosis by potentiating lipid peroxidation. miR-21-3p increased the ferroptosis sensitivity by directly targeting thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) to enhance lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, miR-21-3p overexpression in tumor synergized with anti-PD-1 antibody by promoting tumor cell ferroptosis. More importantly, miR-21-3p-loaded gold nanoparticles were constructed, and the systemic delivery of them increased the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody without prominent side effects in preclinical mice model. Ultimately, ATF3 was found to promote miR-21-3p transcription in IFN-γ-driven ferroptosis. Conclusions MiR-21–3 p upregulation contributes to IFN-γ-driven ferroptosis and synergizes with anti-PD-1 antibody. Nanoparticle delivery of miR-21–3 p is a promising therapeutic approach to increase immunotherapy efficacy without obvious systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenjie Wu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianru Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiming You
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyuan Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangxu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangzi Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Yang M, Chang X, Gao Q, Gong X, Zheng J, Liu H, Li K, Zhan H, Wang X, Li S, Sun X, Feng S, Sun Y. LncRNA MEG3 ameliorates NiO nanoparticles-induced pulmonary inflammatory damage via suppressing the p38 mitogen activated protein kinases pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1058-1070. [PMID: 35006638 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The lung inflammatory damage could result from the nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs), in which the underlying mechanism is still unclear. This article explored the roles of long noncoding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (lncRNA MEG3) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) pathway in pulmonary inflammatory injury induced by NiO NPs. Wistar rats were treated with NiO NPs suspensions (0.015, 0.06, and 0.24 mg/kg) by intratracheal instillation twice-weekly for 9 weeks. Meanwhile, A549 cells were treated with NiO NPs suspensions (25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) for 24 h. It can be concluded that the NiO NPs did trigger pulmonary inflammatory damage, which was confirmed by the histopathological examination, abnormal changes of inflammatory cells and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β1, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, CXCL-1 and CXCL-2) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), pulmonary tissue and cell culture supernatant. Furthermore, NiO NPs activated the p38 MAPK pathway and downregulated MEG3 in vivo and in vitro. However, p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor (10 μM SB203580) reversed the alterations in the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines induced by NiO NPs. Meanwhile, over-expressed MEG3 significantly suppressed NiO NPs-induced p38 MAPK pathway activation and inflammatory cytokines changes. Overall, the above results proved that over-expression of lncRNA MEG3 reduced NiO NPs-induced inflammatory damage by preventing the activation of p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuhong Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Gong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinfa Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haibing Zhan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Public Health, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingchang Sun
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Gansu Baoshihua Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sanwei Feng
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Gansu Baoshihua Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingbiao Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Artlett CM. The Mechanism and Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome during Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050634. [PMID: 35625564 PMCID: PMC9138796 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is often the end result of chronic inflammation. It is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. This leads to structural alterations in the tissue, causing permanent damage and organ dysfunction. Depending on the organ it effects, fibrosis can be a serious threat to human life. The molecular mechanism of fibrosis is still not fully understood, but the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin–domain–containing protein 3) inflammasome appears to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disease. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been the most extensively studied inflammatory pathway to date. It is a crucial component of the innate immune system, and its activation mediates the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. NLRP3 activation has been strongly linked with fibrosis and drives the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts by the chronic upregulation of IL-1β and IL-18 and subsequent autocrine signaling that maintains an activated inflammasome. Both IL-1β and IL-18 are profibrotic, however IL-1β can have antifibrotic capabilities. NLRP3 responds to a plethora of different signals that have a common but unidentified unifying trigger. Even after 20 years of extensive investigation, regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is still not completely understood. However, what is known about NLRP3 is that its regulation and activation is complex and not only driven by various activators but controlled by numerous post-translational modifications. More recently, there has been an intensive attempt to discover NLRP3 inhibitors to treat chronic diseases. This review addresses the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in fibrotic disorders across many different tissues. It discusses the relationships of various NLRP3 activators to fibrosis and covers different therapeutics that have been developed, or are currently in development, that directly target NLRP3 or its downstream products as treatments for fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Artlett
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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