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Fang H, Li Q, Wang H, Ren Y, Zhang L, Yang L. Maternal nutrient metabolism in the liver during pregnancy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1295677. [PMID: 38572473 PMCID: PMC10987773 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1295677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver plays pivotal roles in nutrient metabolism, and correct hepatic adaptations are required in maternal nutrient metabolism during pregnancy. In this review, hepatic nutrient metabolism, including glucose metabolism, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, and protein and amino acid metabolism, is first addressed. In addition, recent progress on maternal hepatic adaptations in nutrient metabolism during pregnancy is discussed. Finally, the factors that regulate hepatic nutrient metabolism during pregnancy are highlighted, and the factors include follicle-stimulating hormone, estrogen, progesterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, prostaglandins fibroblast growth factor 21, serotonin, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, melatonin, adrenal hormone, leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1, insulin glucagon and thyroid hormone. Our vision is that more attention should be paid to liver nutrient metabolism during pregnancy, which will be helpful for utilizing nutrient appropriately and efficiently, and avoiding liver diseases during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Fang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Ying Ren
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Leying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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Snyder JM, Casey KM, Galecki A, Harrison DE, Jayarathne H, Kumar N, Macchiarini F, Rosenthal N, Sadagurski M, Salmon AB, Strong R, Miller RA, Ladiges W. Canagliflozin retards age-related lesions in heart, kidney, liver, and adrenal gland in genetically heterogenous male mice. GeroScience 2023; 45:385-397. [PMID: 35974129 PMCID: PMC9886729 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Canagliflozin (Cana), a clinically important anti-diabetes drug, leads to a 14% increase in median lifespan and a 9% increase in the 90th percentile age when given to genetically heterogeneous male mice from 7 months of age, but does not increase lifespan in female mice. A histopathological study was conducted on 22-month-old mice to see if Cana retarded diverse forms of age-dependent pathology. This agent was found to diminish incidence or severity, in male mice only, of cardiomyopathy, glomerulonephropathy, arteriosclerosis, hepatic microvesicular cytoplasmic vacuolation (lipidosis), and adrenal cortical neoplasms. Protection against atrophy of the exocrine pancreas was seen in both males and females. Thus, the extension of lifespan in Cana-treated male mice, which is likely to reflect host- or tumor-mediated delay in lethal neoplasms, is accompanied by parallel retardation of lesions, in multiple tissues, that seldom if ever lead to death in these mice. Canagliflozin thus can be considered a drug that acts to slow the aging process and should be evaluated for potential protective effects against many other late-life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- University of Washington Health Sciences Center, I-446 Box 357350, WA, 98195, Seattle, USA.
| | - Kerriann M Casey
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, CA, Stanford, USA
| | - Andrzej Galecki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Hashan Jayarathne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, MI, Detroit, USA
| | - Navasuja Kumar
- Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Nadia Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Adam B Salmon
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Warren Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Hozumi K, Sugawara K, Ishihara T, Ishihara N, Ogawa W. Effects of imeglimin on mitochondrial function, AMPK activity, and gene expression in hepatocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:746. [PMID: 36639407 PMCID: PMC9839736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Imeglimin is a recently launched antidiabetic drug structurally related to metformin. To provide insight into the pharmacological properties of imeglimin, we investigated its effects on hepatocytes and compared them with those of metformin. The effects of imeglimin on mitochondrial function in HepG2 cells or mouse primary hepatocytes were examined with an extracellular flux analyzer and on gene expression in HepG2 cells by comprehensive RNA-sequencing analysis. The effects of the drug on AMPK activity in HepG2 cells, mouse primary hepatocytes, and mouse liver were also examined. Treatment of HepG2 cells or mouse primary hepatocytes with imeglimin reduced the oxygen consumption rate coupled to ATP production. Imeglimin activated AMPK in these cells whereas the potency was smaller than metformin. Bolus administration of imeglimin in mice also activated AMPK in the liver. Whereas the effects of imeglimin and metformin on gene expression in HepG2 cells were similar overall, the expression of genes encoding proteins of mitochondrial respiratory complex III and complex I was upregulated by imeglimin but not by metformin. Our results suggest that imeglimin and metformin exert similar pharmacological effects on mitochondrial respiration, AMPK activity, and gene expression in cultured hepatocytes, whereas the two drugs differ in their effects on the expression of certain genes related to mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Hozumi
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugawara
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takaya Ishihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Naotada Ishihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Ogawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
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Role of Oxylipins in the Inflammatory-Related Diseases NAFLD, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121238. [PMID: 36557276 PMCID: PMC9788263 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (oxylipins) are bioactive molecules established as important mediators during inflammation. Different classes of oxylipins have been found to have opposite effects, e.g., pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and anti-inflammatory resolvins. Production of the different classes of oxylipins occurs during distinct stages of development and resolution of inflammation. Chronic inflammation is involved in the progression of many pathophysiological conditions and diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity. Determining oxylipin profiles before, during, and after inflammatory-related diseases could provide clues to the onset, development, and prevention of detrimental conditions. This review focusses on recent developments in our understanding of the role of oxylipins in inflammatory disease, and outlines novel technological advancements and approaches to study their action.
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Salah HM, Fudim M. Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Heart Fail Clin 2022; 18:625-634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Morita S, Sakamaki A, Koyama K, Shibata O, Owaki T, Oda C, Kimura A, Nakaya T, Ohbuchi K, Nahata M, Fujitsuka N, Sakai N, Abe H, Kamimura K, Terai S. Daisaikoto improves fatty liver and obesity in melanocortin-4 receptor gene-deficient mice via the activation of brown adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10105. [PMID: 35710868 PMCID: PMC9203505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor gene-knockout (MC4R-KO) mice are known to develop obesity with a high-fat diet. Meanwhile, daisaikoto, one of Kampo medicines, is a drug that is expected to have therapeutic effects on obesity. Here, we report the efficacy of daisaikoto in MC4R-KO mice. Eight-week-old MC4R-KO male mice (n = 12) were divided into three groups as follows: the SD group, which is fed with a standard diet; the HFD group, fed a high-fat diet; and the DSK group, fed with a high-fat diet containing 10% of daisaikoto. After the four-week observation period, mice in each group were sacrificed and samples were collected. The body weights at 12 weeks were significantly higher in the HFD group than in the other groups, indicating that daisaikoto significantly reduced body weight gain and fat deposition of the liver. The metabolome analysis indicated that degradation of triglycerides and fatty acid oxidation in the liver were enhanced by daisaikoto administration. In MC4R-KO mice, the cytoplasm and uncoupling protein 1 expression of brown adipose tissue was decreased; however, it was reversed in the DSK group. In conclusion, daisaikoto has potentially improved fatty liver and obesity, making it a useful therapeutic agent for obesity and fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Morita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Kyutaro Koyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Osamu Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Owaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Chiyumi Oda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Taiki Nakaya
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586, Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586, Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan
| | - Miwa Nahata
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586, Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujitsuka
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586, Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sakai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
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SGLT-2 Inhibitors in NAFLD: Expanding Their Role beyond Diabetes and Cardioprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063107. [PMID: 35328527 PMCID: PMC8953901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an ‘umbrella’ term, comprising a spectrum ranging from benign, liver steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD has evolved as a major health problem in recent years. Discovering ways to prevent or delay the progression of NAFLD has become a global focus. Lifestyle modifications remain the cornerstone of NAFLD treatment, even though various pharmaceutical interventions are currently under clinical trial. Among them, sodium-glucose co-transporter type-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are emerging as promising agents. Processes regulated by SGLT-2i, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis are all implicated in NAFLD pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the NAFLD pathophysiology, and specifically focus on the potential impact of SGLT-2i in NAFLD development and progression, providing current evidence from in vitro, animal and human studies. Given this evidence, further mechanistic studies would advance our understanding of the exact mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the potential beneficial actions of SGLT-2i in the context of NAFLD treatment.
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Lee N, Heo YJ, Choi SE, Jeon JY, Han SJ, Kim DJ, Kang Y, Lee KW, Kim HJ. Hepatoprotective effects of gemigliptin and empagliflozin in a murine model of diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 588:154-160. [PMID: 34971904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a broad spectrum of liver diseases characterized by steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the potential of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in alleviating the progression of NAFLD. The NAFLD model was generated by feeding male C57BL/6J mice a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) for 7 weeks. After 2 weeks of CDAHFD feeding, the NAFLD model mice were assigned to four groups, namely (ⅰ) VEHICLE, (ⅱ) gemigliptin (GEMI), (ⅲ) empagliflozin (EMPA), and (ⅳ) GEMI + EMPA. For the next 5 weeks, mice received the vehicle or the drug based upon the group to which they belonged. Thereafter, the triglyceride concentration, extent of fibrosis, and the expression of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antioxidant enzymes were analyzed in the livers of mice. The NAFLD activity score and hepatic fibrosis grade were assessed via hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius Red staining of the liver tissue samples. All mice belonging to the GEMI, EMPA, and GEMI + EMPA groups showed improvements in the accumulation of liver triglycerides and the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Additionally, the oxidative stress was reduced due to inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway and upregulation of the antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, in these three groups, the galectin-3 and interleukin 33-induced activity of tumor necrosis factor-α was inhibited, thereby preventing the progression of liver fibrosis. These findings suggest that the GEMI, EMPA, and GEMI + EMPA treatments ameliorate hepatic steatosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in CDAHFD-induced NAFLD mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeoungtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Heo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeoungtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-E Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeoungtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Young Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeoungtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeoungtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeoungtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yup Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeoungtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Woo Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeoungtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeoungtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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