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Zhao C, Hu B, Zeng X, Zhang Z, Luo W, Li H, Zhang X. IGF2 promotes the differentiation of chicken embryonic myoblast by regulating mitochondrial remodeling. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38946060 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is crucial for animal movement and posture maintenance, and it serves as a significant source of meat in the livestock and poultry industry. The number of muscle fibers differentiated from myoblast in the embryonic stage is one of the factors determining the content of skeletal muscle. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), a well-known growth-promoting hormone, is crucial for embryonic and skeletal muscle growth and development. However, the specific molecular mechanism underlying its impact on chicken embryonic myoblast differentiation remains unclear. To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which IGF2 regulates chicken myoblast differentiation, we manipulated IGF2 expression in chicken embryonic myoblast. The results demonstrated that IGF2 was upregulated during chicken skeletal muscle development and myoblast differentiation. On the one hand, we found that IGF2 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis through the PGC1/NRF1/TFAM pathway, thereby enhancing mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP synthesis during myoblast differentiation. This process is mediated by the PI3K/AKT pathway. On the other hand, IGF2 regulates BNIP3-mediated mitophagy, clearing dysfunctional mitochondria. Collectively, our findings confirmed that IGF2 cooperatively regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy to remodel the mitochondrial network and enhance mitochondrial function, ultimately promoting myoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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O’Dowd K, Isham IM, Vatandour S, Boulianne M, Dozois CM, Gagnon CA, Barjesteh N, Abdul-Careem MF. Host Immune Response Modulation in Avian Coronavirus Infection: Tracheal Transcriptome Profiling In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2024; 16:605. [PMID: 38675946 PMCID: PMC11053446 DOI: 10.3390/v16040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious Gammacoronavirus causing moderate to severe respiratory infection in chickens. Understanding the initial antiviral response in the respiratory mucosa is crucial for controlling viral spread. We aimed to characterize the impact of IBV Delmarva (DMV)/1639 and IBV Massachusetts (Mass) 41 at the primary site of infection, namely, in chicken tracheal epithelial cells (cTECs) in vitro and the trachea in vivo. We hypothesized that some elements of the induced antiviral responses are distinct in both infection models. We inoculated cTECs and infected young specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with IBV DMV/1639 or IBV Mass41, along with mock-inoculated controls, and studied the transcriptome using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) at 3 and 18 h post-infection (hpi) for cTECs and at 4 and 11 days post-infection (dpi) in the trachea. We showed that IBV DMV/1639 and IBV Mass41 replicate in cTECs in vitro and the trachea in vivo, inducing host mRNA expression profiles that are strain- and time-dependent. We demonstrated the different gene expression patterns between in vitro and in vivo tracheal IBV infection. Ultimately, characterizing host-pathogen interactions with various IBV strains reveals potential mechanisms for inducing and modulating the immune response during IBV infection in the chicken trachea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey O’Dowd
- Health Research Innovation Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (K.O.); (I.M.I.)
| | - Ishara M. Isham
- Health Research Innovation Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (K.O.); (I.M.I.)
| | - Safieh Vatandour
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Qaem Shahr 4765161964, Iran;
| | - Martine Boulianne
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre–Fonds de Recherche du Québec (CRIPA-FRQ), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.B.); (C.M.D.); (C.A.G.); (N.B.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Charles M. Dozois
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre–Fonds de Recherche du Québec (CRIPA-FRQ), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.B.); (C.M.D.); (C.A.G.); (N.B.)
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Carl A. Gagnon
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre–Fonds de Recherche du Québec (CRIPA-FRQ), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.B.); (C.M.D.); (C.A.G.); (N.B.)
- Molecular Diagnostic and Virology Laboratories, Centre de Diagnostic Vétérinaire de l’Université de Montréal (CDVUM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Neda Barjesteh
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre–Fonds de Recherche du Québec (CRIPA-FRQ), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.B.); (C.M.D.); (C.A.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Health Research Innovation Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (K.O.); (I.M.I.)
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Chen B, Zhang Y, Niu Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Ji H, Han R, Tian Y, Liu X, Kang X, Li Z. RRM2 promotes the proliferation of chicken myoblasts, inhibits their differentiation and muscle regeneration. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103407. [PMID: 38198913 PMCID: PMC10825555 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
During myogenesis and regeneration, the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts play key regulatory roles and may be regulated by many genes. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomic data of chicken primary myoblasts at different periods of proliferation and differentiation with protein‒protein interaction network, and the results indicated that there was an interaction between cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2). Previous studies in mammals have a role for RRM2 in skeletal muscle development as well as cell growth, but the role of RRM2 in chicken is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of RRM2 on skeletal muscle development and regeneration in chickens in vitro and in vivo. The interaction between RRM2 and CDK1 was initially identified by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Through a dual luciferase reporter assay and quantitative real-time PCR, we identified the core promoter region of RRM2, which is regulated by the SP1 transcription factor. In this study, through cell counting kit-8 assays, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assays, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot analysis, we demonstrated that RRM2 promoted the proliferation and inhibited the differentiation of myoblasts. In vivo studies showed that RRM2 reduced the diameter of muscle fibers and slowed skeletal muscle regeneration. In conclusion, these data provide preliminary insights into the biological functions of RRM2 in chicken muscle development and skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yufang Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanxing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Haigang Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Chen G, Chen J, Qi L, Yin Y, Lin Z, Wen H, Zhang S, Xiao C, Bello SF, Zhang X, Nie Q, Luo W. Bulk and single-cell alternative splicing analyses reveal roles of TRA2B in myogenic differentiation. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13545. [PMID: 37705195 PMCID: PMC10849790 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) disruption has been linked to disorders of muscle development, as well as muscular atrophy. However, the precise changes in AS patterns that occur during myogenesis are not well understood. Here, we employed isoform long-reads RNA-seq (Iso-seq) and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to investigate the AS landscape during myogenesis. Our Iso-seq data identified 61,146 full-length isoforms representing 11,682 expressed genes, of which over 52% were novel. We identified 38,022 AS events, with most of these events altering coding sequences and exhibiting stage-specific splicing patterns. We identified AS dynamics in different types of muscle cells through scRNA-seq analysis, revealing genes essential for the contractile muscle system and cytoskeleton that undergo differential splicing across cell types. Gene-splicing analysis demonstrated that AS acts as a regulator, independent of changes in overall gene expression. Two isoforms of splicing factor TRA2B play distinct roles in myogenic differentiation by triggering AS of TGFBR2 to regulate canonical TGF-β signalling cascades differently. Our study provides a valuable transcriptome resource for myogenesis and reveals the complexity of AS and its regulation during myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genghua Chen
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiahui Chen
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lin Qi
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunqian Yin
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zetong Lin
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huaqiang Wen
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chuanyun Xiao
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Semiu Folaniyi Bello
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qinghua Nie
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wen Luo
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Chen B, Wang Y, Hou D, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Niu Y, Ji H, Tian Y, Liu X, Kang X, Cai H, Li Z. Transcriptome-Based Identification of the Muscle Tissue-Specific Expression Gene CKM and Its Regulation of Proliferation, Apoptosis and Differentiation in Chicken Primary Myoblasts. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2316. [PMID: 37508090 PMCID: PMC10376263 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an essential tissue in meat-producing animals, and meat-producing traits have been a hot topic in chicken genetic breeding research. Current research shows that creatine kinase M-type-like (CKM) is one of the most abundant proteins in skeletal muscle and plays an important role in the growth and development of skeletal muscle, but its role in the development of chicken skeletal muscle is still unclear. Via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we found that CKM was highly expressed in chicken breast muscle tissue. In this study, the expression profile of CKM was examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and overexpression and RNA interference techniques were used to explore the functions of CKM in the proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of chicken primary myoblasts (CPMs). It was shown that CKM was specifically highly expressed in breast muscle and leg muscle and was highly expressed in stage 16 embryonic muscle, while CKM inhibited proliferation, promoted the apoptosis and differentiation of CPMs and was involved in regulating chicken myogenesis. Transcriptome sequencing was used to identify genes that were differentially expressed in CPMs after CKM disruption, and bioinformatics analysis showed that CKM was involved in regulating chicken myogenesis. In summary, CKM plays an important role in skeletal muscle development during chicken growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanxing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dan Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bochun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yufang Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haigang Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hanfang Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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