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Liu Y, Li P, Yang Y. Advancements in utilizing CD34 + stem cells for repairing diabetic vascular damage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2025; 750:151411. [PMID: 39889623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.151411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 11/07/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2025] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
Diabetes-related vascular damage is a frequent complication of diabetes that results in structural and functional impairment of blood vessels. This damage significantly heightens the risk of cardiovascular events. CD34+ stem cells have shown great potential in the treatment of diabetes-related vascular damage due to their differentiation and vascular repair capabilities. This article provides a review of the research hotspots on the role and mechanisms of CD34+ stem cells in the repair of diabetes-related vascular damage, including changes in cell quantity and function during diabetes, as well as the latest research on activating, protecting, or repairing these cells to prevent or treat vascular damage. The article also summarizes the impact of diabetes on the mobilization and function of CD34+ stem cells, emphasizing how diabetes negatively affects their ability to promote angiogenesis. These deficits can result in various complications, including issues with small blood vessels, coronary heart disease, foot problems, and retinal complications. On the clinical side, the article highlights the positive effects of CD34+ stem cell therapy in improving vascular function and tissue repair in diabetic patients, while also mentioning the inconsistencies in results between diabetes models and clinical studies, which necessitate further research to optimize treatment strategies. It emphasizes the importance of enhancing the mobilization, homing, and repair capabilities of CD34+ stem cells, as well as combining them with other treatment methods, to develop more effective strategies for treating diabetes-related vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Liu
- Key Lab of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Lab of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Lab of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Wang HH, Korah M, Jing SL, Berry CE, Griffin MF, Longaker MT, Januszyk M. Characterizing Fibroblast Heterogeneity in Diabetic Wounds Through Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2538. [PMID: 39595104 PMCID: PMC11592066 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Revised: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an increasingly prevalent chronic metabolic disorder characterized by physiologic hyperglycemia that, when left uncontrolled, can lead to significant complications in multiple organs. Diabetic wounds are common in the general population, yet the underlying mechanism of impaired healing in such wounds remains unclear. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) has recently emerged as a tool to study the gene expression of heterogeneous cell populations in skin wounds. Herein, we review the history of scRNAseq and its application to the study of diabetic wound healing, focusing on how innovations in single-cell sequencing have transformed strategies for fibroblast analysis. We summarize recent research on the role of fibroblasts in diabetic wound healing and describe the functional and cellular heterogeneity of skin fibroblasts. Moreover, we highlight future opportunities in diabetic wound fibroblast research, with a focus on characterizing distinct fibroblast subpopulations and their lineages. Leveraging single-cell technologies to explore fibroblast heterogeneity and the complex biology of diabetic wounds may reveal new therapeutic targets for improving wound healing and ultimately alleviate the clinical burden of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H. Wang
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (H.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.L.J.); (C.E.B.); (M.F.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maria Korah
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (H.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.L.J.); (C.E.B.); (M.F.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Serena L. Jing
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (H.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.L.J.); (C.E.B.); (M.F.G.)
| | - Charlotte E. Berry
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (H.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.L.J.); (C.E.B.); (M.F.G.)
| | - Michelle F. Griffin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (H.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.L.J.); (C.E.B.); (M.F.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (H.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.L.J.); (C.E.B.); (M.F.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Januszyk
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (H.H.W.); (M.K.); (S.L.J.); (C.E.B.); (M.F.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Sireesha K, Samundeshwari EL, Surekha K, Chandrasekhar C, Sarma PVGK. In vitro generation of epidermal keratinocytes from human CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:236-248. [PMID: 38502372 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The epidermis is largely composed of keratinocytes (KCs), and the proliferation and differentiation of KCs from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum is the cellular hierarchy present in the epidermis. In this study, we explore the differentiation abilities of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into KCs. Cultured HSCs positive for CD34, CD45, and CD133 with prominent telomerase activity were induced with keratinocyte differentiation medium (KDM), which is composed of bovine pituitary extract (BPE), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin, hydrocortisone, epinephrine, transferrin, calcium chloride (CaCl2), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), and retinoic acid (RA). Differentiation was monitored through the expression of cytokeratin markers K5 (keratin 5), K14 (keratin 14), K10 (keratin 10), K1 (keratin 1), transglutaminase 1 (TGM1), involucrin (IVL), and filaggrin (FLG) on day 0 (D0), day 6 (D6), day 11 (D11), day 18 (D18), day 24 (D24), and day 30 (D30) using immunocytochemistry, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, qPCR, and Western blotting. The results revealed the expression of K5 and K14 genes in D6 cells (early keratinocytes), K10 and K1 genes in D11-D18 cells (mature keratinocytes) with active telomerase enzyme, and FLG, IVL, and TGM1 in D18-D24 cells (terminal keratinocytes), and by D30, the KCs were completely enucleated similar to cornified matrix. This method of differentiation of HSCs to KCs explains the cellular order exists in the normal epidermis and opens the possibility of exploring the use of human HSCs in the epidermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodavala Sireesha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences and University, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Kattaru Surekha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences and University, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chodimella Chandrasekhar
- Department of Hematology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Voza FA, Huerta CT, Le N, Shao H, Ribieras A, Ortiz Y, Atkinson C, Machuca T, Liu ZJ, Velazquez OC. Fibroblasts in Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2172. [PMID: 38396848 PMCID: PMC10889208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are stromal cells ubiquitously distributed in the body of nearly every organ tissue. These cells were previously considered to be "passive cells", solely responsible for ensuring the turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, their versatility, including their ability to switch phenotypes in response to tissue injury and dynamic activity in the maintenance of tissue specific homeostasis and integrity have been recently revealed by the innovation of technological tools such as genetically modified mouse models and single cell analysis. These highly plastic and heterogeneous cells equipped with multifaceted functions including the regulation of angiogenesis, inflammation as well as their innate stemness characteristics, play a central role in the delicately regulated process of wound healing. Fibroblast dysregulation underlies many chronic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, inflammatory diseases, and diabetes mellitus (DM), which represent the current major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), one of the most severe complications of DM affects 40 to 60 million people. Chronic non-healing DFU wounds expose patients to substantial sequelae including infections, gangrene, amputation, and death. A complete understanding of the pathophysiology of DFU and targeting pathways involved in the dysregulation of fibroblasts are required for the development of innovative new therapeutic treatments, critically needed for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A. Voza
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (F.A.V.); (C.T.H.); (H.S.); (A.R.); (Y.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Carlos Theodore Huerta
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (F.A.V.); (C.T.H.); (H.S.); (A.R.); (Y.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Nga Le
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Hongwei Shao
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (F.A.V.); (C.T.H.); (H.S.); (A.R.); (Y.O.); (T.M.)
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Antoine Ribieras
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (F.A.V.); (C.T.H.); (H.S.); (A.R.); (Y.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Yulexi Ortiz
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (F.A.V.); (C.T.H.); (H.S.); (A.R.); (Y.O.); (T.M.)
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Tiago Machuca
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (F.A.V.); (C.T.H.); (H.S.); (A.R.); (Y.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Zhao-Jun Liu
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (F.A.V.); (C.T.H.); (H.S.); (A.R.); (Y.O.); (T.M.)
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Omaida C. Velazquez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (F.A.V.); (C.T.H.); (H.S.); (A.R.); (Y.O.); (T.M.)
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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