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Nguyen HT, Najih M, Martin LJ. The AP-1 family of transcription factors are important regulators of gene expression within Leydig cells. Endocrine 2021; 74:498-507. [PMID: 34599696 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Members of the AP-1 family of transcription factors are immediate early genes being modulated by different extracellular signals. The aim of this review is to highlight the important roles of AP-1 members in transcriptional regulation of genes important for testicular Leydig cell function and male testosterone production. METHODS A search of the relevant literature was performed in Google Scholar and NCBI Pubmed for AP-1 members and Leydig cells. Additional information was accessed from references of relevant articles. Only primary data from original peer-reviewed articles was considered for this review. RESULTS Different signaling pathways important for Leydig cells' functions are involved in the regulation of the activity of AP-1 members. These transcription factors participate in the regulation of genes related to different biological processes important for Leydig cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that members of the AP-1 family of transcription factors play critical roles in the regulation of Leydig cell proliferation, steroidogenesis, and cell-to-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Tuyen Nguyen
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Mustapha Najih
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Luc J Martin
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada.
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Wang Y, Zheng W, Shan Y, Qiu L, Dong Y, Ni C, Li X, Huang T, Zhu Q, Lian Q, Ge RS. Flurbiprofen Inhibits Androgen Productions in Rat Immature Leydig Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1504-1514. [PMID: 31184881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Flurbiprofen is one of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Whether flurbiprofen affects androgen biosynthesis in Leydig cells is still unknown. Immature Leydig cells (ILCs) isolated from 35-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured with 0-100 μM flurbiprofen for 24 h and medium androgen levels and Leydig cell mRNA levels were measured. Immature Leydig cells were also incubated with 100 μM flurbiprofen for 3 h in combination with luteinizing hormone (LH), 8bromo-cAMP, 22R-OH-cholesterol, pregnenolone, progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone, respectively, and medium androgen levels were measured. The ROS generation and apoptosis rate were also investigated. The direct effects of flurbiprofen on androgen biosynthetic and metabolizing enzyme activities were measured. Flurbiprofen significantly inhibited basal, LH, and 8bromo-cAMP stimulated androgen production at 10 and 100 μM. Further study demonstrated that flurbiprofen competitively inhibited rat and human testis 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B) activity with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.95 μM for rat enzyme and 6.31 μM for human enzyme. In addition, flurbiprofen down-regulated the expression of Srd5a1 and Akr1c14 at 1, 10, and 100 μM. Flurbiprofen also down-regulated Lhcgr expression at 100 μM. Flurbiprofen at 10 and 100 μM increased ROS production and apoptosis rate of rat Leydig cells. In conclusion, flurbiprofen directly inhibits HSD3B activity and the expression levels of Srd5a1 and Akr1c14 in rat Leydig cells, thus leading to the reduction of androgen secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shan
- Department of Pathology , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology , The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University , Guiyang , Guizhou 550001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Dong
- Department of Pathology , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chaobo Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tongliang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325027 , People's Republic of China
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