1
|
Alhazmi HA, Albratty M. Analytical Techniques for the Characterization and Quantification of Monoclonal Antibodies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:291. [PMID: 37259434 PMCID: PMC9967501 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a fast-growing class of biopharmaceuticals. They are widely used in the identification and detection of cell makers, serum analytes, and pathogenic agents, and are remarkably used for the cure of autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, or malignancies. The successful application of therapeutic mAbs is based on their ability to precisely interact with their appropriate target sites. The precision of mAbs rely on the isolation techniques delivering pure, consistent, stable, and safe lots that can be used for analytical, diagnostic, or therapeutic applications. During the creation of a biologic, the key quality features of a particular mAb, such as structure, post-translational modifications, and activities at the biomolecular and cellular levels, must be characterized and profiled in great detail. This implies the requirement of powerful state of the art analytical techniques for quality control and characterization of mAbs. Until now, various analytical techniques have been developed to characterize and quantify the mAbs according to the regulatory guidelines. The present review summarizes the major techniques used for the analyses of mAbs which include chromatographic, electrophoretic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical methods in addition to the modifications in these methods for improving the quality of mAbs. This compilation of major analytical techniques will help students and researchers to have an overview of the methodologies employed by the biopharmaceutical industry for structural characterization of mAbs for eventual release of therapeutics in the drug market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tohari TR, Anshori I, Baroroh U, Nugroho AE, Gumilar G, Kusumawardani S, Syahruni S, Yuliarto B, Arnafia W, Faizal I, Hartati YW, Subroto T, Yusuf M. Development of a Single-Chain Variable Fragment of CR3022 for a Plasmonic-Based Biosensor Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1133. [PMID: 36551102 PMCID: PMC9776105 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two years after SARS-CoV-2 caused the first case of COVID-19, we are now in the "new normal" period, where people's activity has bounced back, followed by the easing of travel policy restrictions. The lesson learned is that the wide availability of accurate and rapid testing procedures is crucial to overcome possible outbreaks in the future. Therefore, many laboratories worldwide have been racing to develop a new point-of-care diagnostic test. To aid continuous innovation, we developed a plasmonic-based biosensor designed explicitly for portable Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). In this study, we designed a single chain variable fragment (scFv) from the CR3022 antibody with a particular linker that inserted a cysteine residue at the second position. It caused the linker to have a strong affinity to the gold surface through thiol-coupling and possibly become a ready-to-use bioreceptor toward a portable SPR gold chip without purification steps. The theoretical affinity of this scFv on spike protein was -64.7 kcal/mol, computed using the Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) method from the 100 ns molecular dynamics trajectory. Furthermore, the scFv was produced in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) as a soluble protein. The binding activity toward Spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed with a spot-test, and the experimental binding free energy of -10.82 kcal/mol was determined using portable SPR spectroscopy. We hope this study will be useful in designing specific and low-cost bioreceptors, particularly early in an outbreak when the information on antibody capture is still limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taufik Ramdani Tohari
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia
| | - Isa Anshori
- Lab-on-Chip Group, Biomedical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Umi Baroroh
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia
- Department of Biotechnology, Indonesian School of Pharmacy, Bandung 40266, Indonesia
| | - Antonius Eko Nugroho
- Lab-on-Chip Group, Biomedical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Gilang Gumilar
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Advanced Functional Material Research Group, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Research and Development Division, PT. Biostark Analitika Inovasi, Bandung 40375, Indonesia
| | - Shinta Kusumawardani
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia
| | - Sari Syahruni
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia
| | - Brian Yuliarto
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Advanced Functional Material Research Group, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Wyanda Arnafia
- Research and Development Division, PT. Tekad Mandiri Citra, Bandung 40292, Indonesia
| | - Irvan Faizal
- Centre for Vaccine and Drug Research, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, BSD Campus, Tangerang 15345, Indonesia
| | - Yeni Wahyuni Hartati
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Toto Subroto
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Production of an Antibody Fragment (scFv) Targeting PcrV Protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Fed-Batch Cultivation Mode. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2021; 25:390-8. [PMID: 34641643 PMCID: PMC8744694 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.25.6.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the opportunistic pathogens causing frequent hospital-acquired life-threatening infections in mechanically ventilated patients. The most significant virulence factor of P. aeruginosa is T3SS. PcrV is an important structural protein of the T3SS. Methods: In the current investigation, a recombinant scFv mAb against the PcrV protein was expressed in EnBase® (fed-batch) cultivation mode. The pETiteTM N-His SUMO Kan vector, including anti-PcrV scFv gene, was transformed into Escherichia coli (BL21) cells. The expression and solubility of anti-PcrV scFv protein were investigated at two different temperatures (25 °C and 30 °C) and at different induction times (4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours). Results: Increased efficiency was achieved by EnBase® compared to LB broth; owing to the slow release of glucose, the maximum level of solubility and total protein expression was observed in EnBase® cultivation system at 30 °C and 24 h post induction. Furthermore, IC50 for anti-PcrV scFv protein was determined to be approximately 7 μg/mL. Conclusion: Anti-PcrV scFv produced in this study showed promising in vitro results, protecting RBC from lysis by P. aeruginosa (exoU+).
Collapse
|