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Vastrad SJ, Ritesh G, V SS, Saraswathy GR, Augustine D, Alzahrani KJ, Alzahrani FM, Halawani IF, Ashi H, Alshahrani M, Hassan RN, Baeshen HA, Saravanan KS, Satish KS, Vutukuru P, Patil S. Panoramic view of key cross-talks underpinning the oral squamous cell carcinoma stemness - unearthing the future opportunities. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1247399. [PMID: 38170015 PMCID: PMC10759990 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1247399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical management of oral cancer is often frequented with challenges that arise from relapse, recurrence, invasion and resistance towards the cornerstone chemo and radiation therapies. The recent conceptual advancement in oncology has substantiated the role of cancer stem cells (CSC) as a predominant player of these intricacies. CSC are a sub-group of tumor population with inherent adroitness to self-renew with high plasticity. During tumor evolution, the structural and functional reprogramming persuades the cancer cells to acquire stem-cell like properties, thus presenting them with higher survival abilities and treatment resistance. An appraisal on key features that govern the stemness is of prime importance to confront the current challenges encountered in oral cancer. The nurturing niche of CSC for maintaining its stemness characteristics is thought to be modulated by complex multi-layered components encompassing neoplastic cells, extracellular matrix, acellular components, circulatory vessels, various cascading signaling molecules and stromal cells. This review focuses on recapitulating both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that impart the stemness. There are contemplating evidences that demonstrate the role of transcription factors (TF) in sustaining the neoplastic stem cell's pluripotency and plasticity alongside the miRNA in regulation of crucial genes involved in the transformation of normal oral mucosa to malignancy. This review illustrates the interplay between miRNA and various known TF of oral cancer such as c-Myc, SOX, STAT, NANOG and OCT in orchestrating the stemness and resistance features. Further, the cross-talks involved in tumor micro-environment inclusive of cytokines, macrophages, extra cellular matrix, angiogenesis leading pathways and influential factors of hypoxia on tumorigenesis and CSC survival have been elucidated. Finally, external factorial influence of oral microbiome gained due to the dysbiosis is also emphasized. There are growing confirmations of the possible roles of microbiomes in the progression of oral cancer. Given this, an attempt has been made to explore the potential links including EMT and signaling pathways towards resistance and stemness. This review provides a spectrum of understanding on stemness and progression of oral cancers at various regulatory levels along with their current therapeutic knowledge. These mechanisms could be exploited for future research to expand potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soujanya J. Vastrad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Giri Ritesh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sowmya S. V
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Dominic Augustine
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim F. Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Haematology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, AI Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Ashi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alshahrani
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Nabil Hassan
- Department of Biological Sciences (Genome), Faculty of Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kamatchi Sundara Saravanan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kshreeraja S. Satish
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pravallika Vutukuru
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States
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Poursani EM, Mercatelli D, Raninga P, Bell JL, Saletta F, Kohane FV, Neumann DP, Zheng Y, Rouaen JRC, Jue TR, Michniewicz FT, Schadel P, Kasiou E, Tsoli M, Cirillo G, Waters S, Shai-Hee T, Cazzoli R, Brettle M, Slapetova I, Kasherman M, Whan R, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Vahdat L, Ziegler D, Lock JG, Giorgi FM, Khanna K, Vittorio O. Copper chelation suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibition of canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways in cancer. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:132. [PMID: 37480151 PMCID: PMC10362738 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic cancer cells exploit Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) to enhance their migration, invasion, and resistance to treatments. Recent studies highlight that elevated levels of copper are implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Clinical trials using copper chelators are associated with improved patient survival; however, the molecular mechanisms by which copper depletion inhibits tumor progression and metastasis are poorly understood. This remains a major hurdle to the clinical translation of copper chelators. Here, we propose that copper chelation inhibits metastasis by reducing TGF-β levels and EMT signaling. Given that many drugs targeting TGF-β have failed in clinical trials, partly because of severe side effects arising in patients, we hypothesized that copper chelation therapy might be a less toxic alternative to target the TGF-β/EMT axis. RESULTS Our cytokine array and RNA-seq data suggested a link between copper homeostasis, TGF-β and EMT process. To validate this hypothesis, we performed single-cell imaging, protein assays, and in vivo studies. Here, we used the copper chelating agent TEPA to block copper trafficking. Our in vivo study showed a reduction of TGF-β levels and metastasis to the lung in the TNBC mouse model. Mechanistically, TEPA significantly downregulated canonical (TGF-β/SMAD2&3) and non-canonical (TGF-β/PI3K/AKT, TGF-β/RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, and TGF-β/WNT/β-catenin) TGF-β signaling pathways. Additionally, EMT markers of MMP-9, MMP-14, Vimentin, β-catenin, ZEB1, and p-SMAD2 were downregulated, and EMT transcription factors of SNAI1, ZEB1, and p-SMAD2 accumulated in the cytoplasm after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that copper chelation therapy represents a potentially effective therapeutic approach for targeting TGF-β and inhibiting EMT in a diverse range of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh M Poursani
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniele Mercatelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Prahlad Raninga
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica L Bell
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Federica Saletta
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Felix V Kohane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel P Neumann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Ye Zheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jourdin R C Rouaen
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Toni Rose Jue
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Filip T Michniewicz
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Piper Schadel
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Kasiou
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Tsoli
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Shafagh Waters
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tyler Shai-Hee
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Riccardo Cazzoli
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Merryn Brettle
- Katharina Gauss Light Microscopy Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Iveta Slapetova
- Katharina Gauss Light Microscopy Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kasherman
- Katharina Gauss Light Microscopy Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Renee Whan
- Katharina Gauss Light Microscopy Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - David Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - John G Lock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - KumKum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Djediai S, Gonzalez Suarez N, El Cheikh-Hussein L, Rodriguez Torres S, Gresseau L, Dhayne S, Joly-Lopez Z, Annabi B. MT1-MMP Cooperates with TGF-β Receptor-Mediated Signaling to Trigger SNAIL and Induce Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal-like Transition in U87 Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13006. [PMID: 34884812 PMCID: PMC8657819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) recapitulates metastasis and can be induced in vitro through transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling. A role for MMP activity in glioblastoma multiforme has been ascribed to EMT, but the molecular crosstalk between TGF-β signaling and membrane type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP) remains poorly understood. Here, the expression of common EMT biomarkers, induced through TGF-β and the MT1-MMP inducer concanavalin A (ConA), was explored using RNA-seq analysis and differential gene arrays in human U87 glioblastoma cells. TGF-β triggered SNAIL and fibronectin expressions in 2D-adherent and 3D-spheroid U87 glioblastoma cell models. Those inductions were antagonized by the TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor galunisertib, the JAK/STAT inhibitors AG490 and tofacitinib, and by the diet-derived epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Transient gene silencing of MT1-MMP prevented the induction of SNAIL by ConA and abrogated TGF-β-induced cell chemotaxis. Moreover, ConA induced STAT3 and Src phosphorylation, suggesting these pathways to be involved in the MT1-MMP-mediated signaling axis that led to SNAIL induction. Our findings highlight a new signaling axis linking MT1-MMP to TGF-β-mediated EMT-like induction in glioblastoma cells, the process of which can be prevented by the diet-derived EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Djediai
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (N.G.S.); (L.E.C.-H.); (S.R.T.); (L.G.)
- Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (Z.J.-L.)
| | - Narjara Gonzalez Suarez
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (N.G.S.); (L.E.C.-H.); (S.R.T.); (L.G.)
- Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (Z.J.-L.)
| | - Layal El Cheikh-Hussein
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (N.G.S.); (L.E.C.-H.); (S.R.T.); (L.G.)
- Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (Z.J.-L.)
| | - Sahily Rodriguez Torres
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (N.G.S.); (L.E.C.-H.); (S.R.T.); (L.G.)
- Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (Z.J.-L.)
| | - Loraine Gresseau
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (N.G.S.); (L.E.C.-H.); (S.R.T.); (L.G.)
- Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (Z.J.-L.)
| | - Sheraz Dhayne
- Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (Z.J.-L.)
| | - Zoé Joly-Lopez
- Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (Z.J.-L.)
| | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (N.G.S.); (L.E.C.-H.); (S.R.T.); (L.G.)
- Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (Z.J.-L.)
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