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Identification and Characterization of a New Microalga Dysmorphococcus globosus-HI from the Himalayan Region as a Potential Source of Natural Astaxanthin. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060884. [PMID: 35741404 PMCID: PMC9220219 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthesized astaxanthin (ASX), stereoisomers of 3S,3′R, 3R,3′R, and 3S,3′S, have over 95% market share and have relatively poor antioxidant and bioactivity properties, with persistent issues in terms of biological functions, health benefits, and biosafety if compared to natural ASX. Bioprospecting of new microalgal strains could be vital for a new source of powerful antioxidant (ASX). In this study, a new algal strain was isolated from the Indian foothills of the Himalayas. Its identity was discerned by morphological and DNA barcode studies. It is a unicellular spheroidal cell-shaped alga with 100–200 μm diameter. The isolate has 93.4% similarity to Dysmorphococcus globosus species based on 18S-rDNA phylogenetic analysis and named as D. globosus-HI (HI stands for Himalayan India). Its growth and major cellular components (carotenoids, carbohydrates, protein, lipids, fatty acid profile, and ASX) were optimized using the seven different culture media. The highest biomass (1.14 g L−1) was observed in the MBBM medium, with a specific growth rate (0.087 day−1), division/day (0.125), and cellular yield (6.16 x 106 cells/mL). The highest carotenoids (1.56 mg g−1), lipids (32.5 mg L−1), and carbohydrates (135.62 mg L−1) were recorded in the 3N-BBM medium. The maximum ω3-FAs (17.78%), ω6-FAs (23.11%), and ω9-FAs (7.06%) were observed in MBBM, JW, and BG-11 medium respectively. The highest amount of antioxidant ASX was accumulated in the 3N-BBM medium (391 mg L−1). It is more than any other known algal species used in the production of natural ASX. The optimized biochemical studies on the D. globosus-HI strain should fulfill the increasing demand for natural ASX for commercial application.
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Song C, Chen Z, Zheng X, Yang S, Duan X, Jiang Y, Tu X, Gan J, Jiang S. Growth Characteristic Analysis of Haematococcus pluvialis in a Microfluidic Chip Using Digital in-Line Holographic Flow Cytometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5769-5775. [PMID: 35384647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to obtain high yield of astaxanthin, a high-value compound with ultrastrong antioxidant capacity, it is necessary to identify the growth characteristics (biomass, morphology, and size) of Haematococcus pluvialis. The current detection methods have the disadvantages of labor-consuming operation or complicated measurement system. It is an urgent need to explore a simple and cost-effective method for the detection of H. pluvialis with large size distribution during its growth period. In this work, a digital in-line holographic flow cytometry using a linear array sensor is proposed to measure the growth characteristics of H. pluvialis in a two-dimensional (2-D) hydrodynamic focusing microfluidic chip. Based on the modified angular spectrum method, the distorting holograms caused by the asynchrony of sample flow velocity and acquisition speed of the linear array sensor were rectified and reconstructed. In addition, the depth-of-focus of the imaging system were digitally extended to cover the entire depth of the microfluidic channel for optimized imaging quality. We have utilized the proposed method to statistically investigate the biomass, morphology and size of H. pluvialis under different culture conditions and growth durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolong Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinqi Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shimin Yang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiudong Duan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Tu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinqiang Gan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shulan Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Sung YJ, Sim SJ. Multifaceted strategies for economic production of microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis-derived astaxanthin via direct conversion of CO 2. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126255. [PMID: 34757226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its strong antioxidant properties, astaxanthin has a high market price in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical fields, and its demand is increasing. Furthermore, with an increase in the demand for green technology, astaxanthin production through direct CO2 conversion using the autotrophic green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis as a bio-platform has received much attention. Large-scale outdoor cultivation of H. pluvialis using waste CO2 sources and sunlight can secure sustainability and improve economic efficiency. However, low strain performance, reduced light utilization because of increased cell density, and inefficient transfer of gaseous CO2 into liquid culture broth hinder its large-scale commercialization of astaxanthin. Herein, we presented a multifaceted strategy, including the development of high-efficiency strains, a culture system for astaxanthin accumulation, and astaxanthin extraction from biomass, for economically producing astaxanthin from H. pluvialis through direct CO2 conversion. Future perspectives were presented by comparing and analyzing various previous studies conducted using the latest technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joon Sung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Yu BS, Lee SY, Sim SJ. Effective contamination control strategies facilitating axenic cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis: Risks and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126289. [PMID: 34748979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With industrialization, anthropogenic mishandlings have resulted in the discharge of abundant amount of CO2 into the atmosphere. This has triggered an unnatural warming that has dramatically increased the Earth's temperature in a short duration. This problem can be addressed by the biological conversion of CO2; several studies have been conducted using H. pluvialis culture that produces high value-added materials, such as astaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids. However, although H. pluvialis has a high market value, the market size is quite small. Because H. pluvialis cells are susceptible to contamination due to its slow growth rate, hence large-scale culture of H. pluvialis without reliable contamination control strategies poses significant risks. This review comprehensively discusses the contamination that occurs during the culturing of H. pluvialis in various culture systems under different culture conditions. The review also discusses the strategies in controlling the biotic contaminants, such as bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Sun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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Wu K, Ying K, Zhou J, Liu D, Liu L, Tao Y, Hanotu J, Zhu X, Cai Z. Optimizing the growth of Haematococcus pluvialis based on a novel microbubble-driven photobioreactor. iScience 2021; 24:103461. [PMID: 34988392 PMCID: PMC8710528 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis, the richest bioresource for natural astaxanthin, encounters a challenge of achieving high growth rate when it comes to mass biomass production. Based on the substrate consumption model and Redfield ratio, rapid algae growth benefits from a proper carbon supply. However, the conventional cultivation schemes with limited carbon dioxide (CO2) supply and inefficient carbon mass transfer could have constrained the carbon capture and growing ability of H. pluvialis. We hypothesize that optimal H. pluvialis growth improvement may be achieved by efficient CO2 supply. Here, in this study, we first identified the carbon consumption of H. pluvialis during exponential growth. Then, a novel microbubble-driven photobioreactor (MDPBR) was designed to satisfy the carbon demand. The novel microbubble photobioreactor improves the CO2 supply by reducing bubble size, significantly elevating the CO2 mass transfer. With only 0.05 L min-1 of gas flow rate, higher cell growth rate (0.49 d-1) has been achieved in MDPBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kezhen Ying
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Oasis Photobio Tech Ltd, Overseas Chinese Scholars Venture Building, South District of High-Tech Industrial Park, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dai Liu
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - James Hanotu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S13JD, UK
| | - Xiaoshan Zhu
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Khazi MI, Shi L, Liaqat F, Yang Y, Li X, Yang D, Li J. Sequential Continuous Mixotrophic and Phototrophic Cultivation Might Be a Cost-Effective Strategy for Astaxanthin Production From the Microalga Haematococcus lacustris. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:740533. [PMID: 34676203 PMCID: PMC8523894 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.740533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Haematococcus lacustris has been developed for astaxanthin production for decades, the production cost is still high. In order to modify the production processes, we proposed a novel strategy of cultivation, featured by sequential indoor continuous mixotrophic cultivation for the production of green cells followed by outdoor phototrophic induction for astaxanthin accumulation. The continuous mixotrophic cultivation was first optimized indoor, and then the seed culture of mixotrophic cultivation was inoculated into outdoor open raceway ponds for photoinduction. The results showed that mixotrophically grown cultures could efficiently grow without losing their photosynthetic efficiency and yielded higher biomass concentration (0.655 g L−1) and astaxanthin content (2.2% DW), compared to phototrophically grown seed culture controls. This novel strategy might be a promising alternative to the current approaches to advance the production technology of astaxanthin from microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahammed Ilyas Khazi
- Department of Research and Development, Panzhihua Gesala Biotechnology Inc., Panzhihua, China
| | - Liangtao Shi
- Institute of Tropical Eco-agriculture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming, China
| | - Fakhra Liaqat
- Department of Research and Development, Panzhihua Gesala Biotechnology Inc., Panzhihua, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Duanpeng Yang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
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Liyanaarachchi VC, Premaratne M, Ariyadasa TU, Nimarshana P, Malik A. Two-stage cultivation of microalgae for production of high-value compounds and biofuels: A review. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Combination of mechanical and chemical extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis and its properties of microencapsulation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Pan M, Zhu X, Pan G, Angelidak I. Integrated valorization system for simultaneous high strength organic wastewater treatment and astaxanthin production from Haematococcus pluvialis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124761. [PMID: 33503516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-strength organic wastewater, e.g., potato juice wastewater, exerts high stress on the environment. This study proposes an integrated system for simultaneous high-strength organic wastewater treatment and nutrients upcycling for astaxanthin production by the combination of anaerobic processes and microalgae (Haematococcus pluvialis) cultivation. The potato juice wastewater was pretreated by either acidification or methanation. The effluents of both pretreatments achieved higher biomass yields of H. pluvialis compared to cultivation in standard culture media (control). The high acetate and potassium concentrations of the acidification effluents resulted in significantly higher astaxanthin production (24.5-27.9 mg g-1, 3 days) compared to the control (14.7 mg g-1, 12 days) in a shorter period. The integrated system contributed to a final removal efficiency of 51.3-75.8%, 86.5-98.3%, and 69.4-83.4% for COD, phosphorus, and ammonia, respectively. This study presents a promising two-stage process for simultaneous efficient methane and astaxanthin production, as well as remediation of high-strength organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Pan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark; Sino-Danish College of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Gang Pan
- Sino-Danish College of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre of Integrated Water-Energy-Food Studies (iWEF), School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Irini Angelidak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Oslan SNH, Shoparwe NF, Yusoff AH, Rahim AA, Chang CS, Tan JS, Oslan SN, Arumugam K, Ariff AB, Sulaiman AZ, Mohamed MS. A Review on Haematococcus pluvialis Bioprocess Optimization of Green and Red Stage Culture Conditions for the Production of Natural Astaxanthin. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020256. [PMID: 33578851 PMCID: PMC7916564 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most recognizable natural secondary carotenoid astaxanthin producer, the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis cultivation is performed via a two-stage process. The first is dedicated to biomass accumulation under growth-favoring conditions (green stage), and the second stage is for astaxanthin evolution under various stress conditions (red stage). This mini-review discusses the further improvement made on astaxanthin production by providing an overview of recent works on H. pluvialis, including the valuable ideas for bioprocess optimization on cell growth, and the current stress-exerting strategies for astaxanthin pigment production. The effects of nutrient constituents, especially nitrogen and carbon sources, and illumination intensity are emphasized during the green stage. On the other hand, the significance of the nitrogen depletion strategy and other exogenous factors comprising salinity, illumination, and temperature are considered for the astaxanthin inducement during the red stage. In short, any factor that interferes with the cellular processes that limit the growth or photosynthesis in the green stage could trigger the encystment process and astaxanthin formation during the red stage. This review provides an insight regarding the parameters involved in bioprocess optimization for high-value astaxanthin biosynthesis from H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nur Hazwani Oslan
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.S.T.); (A.B.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.H.O.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Noor Fazliani Shoparwe
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Abdul Hafidz Yusoff
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Ainihayati Abdul Rahim
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Chang Shen Chang
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.S.T.); (A.B.A.)
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kavithraashree Arumugam
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Arbakariya Bin Ariff
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.S.T.); (A.B.A.)
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Ziad Sulaiman
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Mohd Shamzi Mohamed
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.S.T.); (A.B.A.)
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.N.H.O.); (M.S.M.)
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Novel Insights into the Biotechnological Production of Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin: Advances and Key Challenges to Allow Its Industrial Use as Novel Food Ingredient. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin shows many biological activities. It has acquired a high economic potential and its current market is dominated by its synthetic form. However, due to the increase of the health and environmental concerns from consumers, natural forms are now preferred for human consumption. Haematococcus pluvialis is artificially cultured at an industrial scale to produce astaxanthin used as a dietary supplement. However, due to the high cost of its cultivation and its relatively low biomass and pigment productivities, the astaxanthin extracted from this microalga remains expensive and this has probably the consequence of slowing down its economic development in the lower added-value market such as food ingredient. In this review, we first aim to provide an overview of the chemical and biochemical properties of astaxanthin, as well as of its natural sources. We discuss its bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activities. We present a state-of-the-art of the biology and physiology of H. pluvialis, and highlight novel insights into the biotechnological processes which allow optimizing the biomass and astaxanthin productivities. We are trying to identify some lines of research that would improve the industrial sustainability and economic viability of this bio-production and to broaden the commercial potential of astaxanthin produced from H. pluvialis.
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Aslanbay Guler B, Deniz I, Demirel Z, Imamoglu E. Computational fluid dynamics simulation in scaling-up of airlift photobioreactor for astaxanthin production. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:86-92. [PMID: 31302007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The unicellular green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates large amounts of the red ketocarotenoid astaxanthin. Aiming to cultivate these microalgae with high astaxanthin efficiency, cultivations were scaled-up from 1000 mL bottle to 2 L and 8 L airlift photobioreactor using volumetric power consumption rate (W/m3) as scale up strategy. After cultivations, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was used to investigate the flow patterns, mixing efficiency and gas holdup profile within the 2 L photobioreactor. At the end, astaxanthin content was enhanced with increasing the cultivation volume and highest astaxanthin amount of 49.39 ± 1.64 mg/g cell was obtained in 8 L photobioreactor. Hydrodynamic characteristics of photobioreactor was simulated and gas holdup showed difference between the riser and the downcomer regions. Velocity profiles of air and medium had higher values inside the draft tube than obtained in downcomer region. However liquid circulation was achieved from draft tube to the downcomer, mixing was not provided effectively considering the turbulence kinetic energy. For the further research, some developments about column configuration, sparger diameter may be necessary to enhance the mixing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Aslanbay Guler
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ege, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Irem Deniz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45100 Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Demirel
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ege, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Imamoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ege, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Cezare-Gomes EA, Mejia-da-Silva LDC, Pérez-Mora LS, Matsudo MC, Ferreira-Camargo LS, Singh AK, de Carvalho JCM. Potential of Microalgae Carotenoids for Industrial Application. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:602-634. [PMID: 30613862 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-02945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation, when compared to the growth of higher plants, presents many advantages such as faster growth, higher biomass productivity, and smaller land area requirement for cultivation. For this reason, microalgae are an alternative platform for carotenoid production when compared to the traditional sources. Currently, commercial microalgae production is not well developed but, fortunately, there are several studies aiming to make the large-scale production feasible by, for example, employing different cultivation systems. This review focuses on the main carotenoids from microalgae, comparing them to the traditional sources, as well as a critical analysis about different microalgae cultivation regimes that are currently available and applicable for carotenoid accumulation. Throughout this review paper, we present relevant information about the main commercial microalgae carotenoid producers; the comparison between carotenoid content from food, vegetables, fruits, and microalgae; and the great importance and impact of these molecule applications, such as in food (nutraceuticals and functional foods), cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, feed (colorants and additives), and healthcare area. Lastly, the different operating systems applied to these photosynthetic cultivations are critically discussed, and conclusions and perspectives are made concerning the best operating system for acquiring high cell densities and, consequently, high carotenoid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleane A Cezare-Gomes
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bl. 16, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Lauris Del Carmen Mejia-da-Silva
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bl. 16, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Lina S Pérez-Mora
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bl. 16, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Matsudo
- Institute of Natural Resources, Federal University of Itajubá, Av. Benedito Pereira dos Santos, 1303, Itajubá, MG, 37500-903, Brazil
| | - Lívia S Ferreira-Camargo
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, R. Abolição, s/n° - Vila São Pedro, Santo André, SP, 09210-180, Brazil
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bl. 16, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Monteiro de Carvalho
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bl. 16, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
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