Fibrinogenolytic activity of serine proteases(s) from Cucumis dipsaceus

Exploring the hypoglycaemic efficacy of bio-accessed antioxidative polyphenolics in thermally processed Cucumis dipsaceus fruits - An in vitro and in silico study

Inhibition of breakdown of dietary carbohydrates, by controlling the postprandial activity of diabetic enzymes through fruit polyphenolics can help downregulate the effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The study focuses on deciphering the induction of hyperglycaemic control by bio-accessed anti-oxidative polyphenols of Cucumic dipsaceus fruits. Chiefly, we examined the antioxidant activity of bio-accessed polyphenols of C. dipsaceus fruits (DPPH: ME (GDE)-66.26 %; ABTS: FE (IDE)-1963.83 µM TEAC/mg extract; Phosphomolybdenum reduction: FE (IDE)- 64.95 mg AAEAC/g extract). To add more significance, the anti-diabetic activity was predetermined by in silico docking analyses (Pseudojervine - -5.43; Squalene- -10.41) and was concurrently confirmed by in vitro studies (α amylase inhibition: ME (GDE) - 69.58 %; α glucosidase inhibition: FE (UDE)- 88.67 %). A higher bio-accessibility of rutin (37.92 mg/g ODE) and gallic acid (8.36 mg/g ODE) was observed after quantification by HPLC, which confirmed the correlation between anti-diabetic activity and C. dipsaceus fruit phenolic compounds.

Plant-Derived Compounds and Extracts as Modulators of Plasmin Activity-A Review

Functionality of the fibrinolytic system is based on activity of its central enzyme, plasmin, responsible for the removal of fibrin clots. Besides the hemostasis, fibrinolytic proteins are also involved in many other physiological and pathological processes, including immune response, extracellular matrix degradation, cell migration, and tissue remodeling. Both the impaired and enhanced activity of fibrinolytic proteins may result in serious physiological consequences: prothrombotic state or excessive bleeding, respectively. However, current medicine offers very few options for treating fibrinolytic disorders, particularly in the case of plasmin inhibition. Although numerous attempts have been undertaken to identify natural or to develop engineered fibrinolytic system modulators, structural similarities within serine proteases of the hemostatic system and pleiotropic activity of fibrinolytic proteins constitute a serious problem in discovering anti- or profibrinolytic agents that could precisely affect the target molecules and reduce the risk of side effects. Therefore, this review aims to present a current knowledge of various classes of natural inhibitors and stimulators of the fibrinolytic system being well-defined low-molecular plant secondary metabolites or constituents of plant extracts as well as plant peptides. This work also discusses obstacles caused by low specificity of most of natural compounds and, hence, outlines recent trends in studies aimed at finding more efficient modulators of plasmin activity, including investigation of modifications of natural pharmacophore templates.