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Mohd Radzuan SN, Phongphane L, Abu Bakar MH, Che Omar MT, Nor Shahril NS, Supratman U, Harneti D, Wahab HA, Azmi MN. Synthesis, biological activities, and evaluation molecular docking-dynamics studies of new phenylisoxazole quinoxalin-2-amine hybrids as potential α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7684-7698. [PMID: 38444963 PMCID: PMC10912921 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
New phenylisoxazole quinoxalin-2-amine hybrids 5a-i were successfully synthesised with yields of 53-85% and characterised with various spectroscopy methods. The synthesised hybrids underwent in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays, with acarbose as the positive control. Through the biological study, compound 5h exhibits the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 = 16.4 ± 0.1 μM while compounds 5a-c, 5e and 5h exhibit great potential as α-glucosidase inhibitors, with 5c being the most potent (IC50 = 15.2 ± 0.3 μM). Among the compounds, 5h exhibits potential as a dual inhibitor for both α-amylase (IC50 = 16.4 ± 0.1 μM) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 31.6 ± 0.4 μM) enzymes. Through the molecular docking studies, the inhibition potential of the selected compounds is supported. Compound 5h showed important interactions with α-amylase enzyme active sites and exhibited the highest binding energy of -8.9 ± 0.10 kcal mol-1, while compound 5c exhibited the highest binding energy of -9.0 ± 0.20 kcal mol-1 by forming important interactions with the α-glucosidase enzyme active sites. The molecular dynamics study showed that the selected compounds exhibited relative stability when binding with α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Additionally, compound 5h demonstrated a similar pattern of motion and mechanism of action as the commercially available miglitol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lacksany Phongphane
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Minden Penang Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Minden Penang Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Tasyriq Che Omar
- Biological Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Minden Penang Malaysia
| | - Nor Shafiqah Nor Shahril
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Minden Penang Malaysia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran 45363 Jatinangor Indonesia
| | - Desi Harneti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran 45363 Jatinangor Indonesia
| | - Habibah A Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Minden Penang Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Nurul Azmi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Minden Penang Malaysia
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Goli AS, Sato VH, Sato H, Chewchinda S, Leanpolchareanchai J, Nontakham J, Yahuafai J, Thilavech T, Meesawatsom P, Maitree M. Antihyperglycemic effects of Lysiphyllum strychnifolium leaf extract in vitro and in vivo. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:189-200. [PMID: 36625086 PMCID: PMC9848344 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2160771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lysiphyllum strychnifolium (Craib) A. Schmitz (LS) (Fabaceae) has traditionally been used to treat diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE This study demonstrates the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of aqueous extract of LS leaves in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of aqueous LS leaf extract on glucose uptake, sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells, α-glucosidase, and lipid peroxidation were evaluated in vitro. The antidiabetic effects were evaluated using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a 28-day consecutive administration to streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA)-induced type 2 diabetic mice. RESULTS The extract significantly inhibited glucose uptake (IC50: 236.2 ± 36.05 µg/mL) and downregulated SGLT1 and GLUT2 mRNA expression by approximately 90% in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, it non-competitively inhibited α-glucosidase in a concentration-dependent manner with the IC50 and Ki of 6.52 ± 0.42 and 1.32 µg/mL, respectively. The extract at 1000 mg/kg significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels in both the OGTT and 28-day consecutive administration models as compared with untreated STZ-NA-induced diabetic mice (p < 0.05). Significant improvements of serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and GLUT4 levels were observed. Furthermore, the extract markedly decreased oxidative stress markers by 37-53% reduction of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in muscle and malondialdehyde (MDA) in muscle and pancreas, which correlated with the reduction of MDA production in vitro (IC50: 24.80 ± 7.24 µg/mL). CONCLUSION The LS extract has potent antihyperglycemic activity to be used as alternative medicine to treat diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Syah Goli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Vilasinee Hirunpanich Sato
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand
- Center of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hitoshi Sato
- Division of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Japan
| | - Savita Chewchinda
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | | | - Jannarin Nontakham
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand
- Clinical Research Section, Division of Research and Academic Support, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jantana Yahuafai
- Clinical Research Section, Division of Research and Academic Support, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thavaree Thilavech
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Pongsatorn Meesawatsom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand
- Center of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Metawee Maitree
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand
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Tanazi NNH, Aziz AN, Azmi MN, Abu Bakar MH, Hassim MFN, Wahab NHA, Rasol NE, Ab Ghani N, Maulidiani M, Awang K. Phytoconstituents of Endiandra kingiana; antidiabetic effects and molecular docking studies on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-8. [PMID: 38009213 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2283759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation on the bark of E. kingiana plant afforded ten compounds, including six polyketides namely kingianin A 1, kingianin B 2, kingianin E 3, kingianin F 4, kingianin K 5 and kingianin L 6, three endiandric acids; kingianic acid A 7, tsangibeilin B 8 and endiandric acid M 9, and one sesquiterpene; daibuoxide 10. All compounds were separated as racemic mixture by recycling high-performance liquid chromatography (RHPLC), except for daibuoxide. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic and comparative literature data analysis. This is the first report on the presence of the sesquiterpene; daibuoxide in Endiandra genus. In vitro enzymatic bio-evaluation of the isolated compounds against α-amylase and α-glucosidase showed that 4 demonstrated the best α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 181.54 ± 6.27 µg/mL and 237.87 ± 0.07 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, molecular docking analysis confirmed the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities demonstrated by 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Najihah Husna Tanazi
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazif Aziz
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Nurul Azmi
- Natural Products and Synthesis Organic Laboratory (NPSOLab), School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Fairus Noor Hassim
- Biological Security and Sustainability (BIOSES) Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Huda Abdul Wahab
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nurulfazlina Edayah Rasol
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, UiTM Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurunajah Ab Ghani
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, UiTM Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Maulidiani
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Phongphane L, Mohd Radzuan SN, Abu Bakar MH, Che Omar MT, Supratman U, Harneti D, A Wahab H, Azmi MN. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modelling of novel quinoxaline-isoxazole hybrid as anti-hyperglycemic. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 106:107938. [PMID: 37542847 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In our effort to develop potent anti-hyperglycemic compounds with inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, a series of novel quinoxaline-isoxazole moieties were synthesized. The novel quinoxaline-isoxazole derivatives were assessed in vitro for their anti-hyperglycemic activities on α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitions. The results revealed promising IC50 values compared to acarbose as a positive control for α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Among them, N-Ethyl-7-chloro-3-((3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)methoxy)quinoxalin-2-amine 5b showed dual inhibitory with IC50 of 24.0 µM for α-amylase and 41.7 µM for α-glucosidase. In addition, N-Ethyl-7-methoxy-3-((3-(2-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)methoxy)quinoxalin-2-amine 5j also had dual bioactivities against α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 of 17.0 and 40.1 µM, respectively. Nevertheless, two more compounds N-Ethyl-7-cyano-3-((3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)methoxy)quinoxaline-2-amine 5e showed strong mono-inhibition for α-glucosidase with IC50 of 16.6 µM followed by N-Ethyl-7-methoxy-3-((3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)methoxy)quinoxalin-2-amine 5 f with IC50 of 18.6 µM. The molecular docking study for α-glucosidase inhibitor provided the binding energy ranging from 8.3 to 9.1 kcal/mol and α-amylase inhibitor showed the binding energy score at 8.4 and 8.5 kcal/mol. The dual inhibitions nature of 5b and 5j were further analyzed and confirmed via molecular dynamics including the stability of the compound, interaction energy, binding free energy, and the interaction residue analysis using the MM-GBSA approach. The results showed that compound 5j was the most potent compound. Lastly, the drug-likeness properties were also evaluated with all synthesized compounds 5a-5j and the results reveal that all potent compounds meet Lipinski's rules of five.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacksany Phongphane
- Natural Products and Synthesis Organic Research Laboratory (NPSO), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurshahira Mohd Radzuan
- Natural Products and Synthesis Organic Research Laboratory (NPSO), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Tasyriq Che Omar
- Biological Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Desi Harneti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Habibah A Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Nurul Azmi
- Natural Products and Synthesis Organic Research Laboratory (NPSO), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Sato VH, Chewchinda S, Goli AS, Sato H, Nontakham J, Vongsak B. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) Evidence for the Postprandial Anti-Hyperglycemic Property of Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss Seed Extract. Molecules 2023; 28:6775. [PMID: 37836618 PMCID: PMC10574354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salak seed extract (Salacca zalacca) is known for its high antioxidant content and low caffeine levels, making it a promising candidate for the development of value-added health products. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence for its anti-hyperglycemic effects. To address this, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of salak seed extract. The HPLC chromatogram of salak seed extract shows a prominent peak that corresponds to chlorogenic acid. In vitro studies revealed that salak seeds inhibited α-glucosidase activity and glucose uptake in Caco-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, while also exhibiting antioxidant properties. The extract exhibits a non-competitive inhibition on α-glucosidase activity, with an IC50 and Ki of 16.28 ± 7.22 and 24.81 μg/mL, respectively. In vivo studies utilizing streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic mice showed that the extract significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in the oral glucose tolerance test. Continuous administration of the salak seed extract resulted in lower FBG levels by 13.8% as compared with untreated diabetic mice, although this change was not statistically significant. The estimated LD50 value of salak seed extract exceeds 2000 mg/kg, and no toxicity symptoms have been detected. Our research supports that salak seed extract has the potential to serve as a functional food or supplement that may be beneficial in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia among people with type 2 diabetes. This effect was explained by the salak's inhibitory mechanisms of glucose absorption due to inhibition of both α-glucosidase activity and intestinal glucose uptake, coupled with its antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilasinee Hirunpanich Sato
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.H.S.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Savita Chewchinda
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Arman Syah Goli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (V.H.S.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Hitoshi Sato
- Division of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-855, Japan;
| | - Jannarin Nontakham
- Clinical Research Section, Division of Research and Academic Support, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Boonyadist Vongsak
- Pharmaceutical Innovations of Natural Products Unit (PhInNat), Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
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Man Z, Feng Y, Xiao J, Yang H, Wu X. Structural changes and molecular mechanism study on the inhibitory activity of epigallocatechin against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Front Nutr 2022; 9:948027. [PMID: 36438757 PMCID: PMC9682078 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.948027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the inhibition and mechanism of epigallocatechin (EGC) on two key glycoside hydrolases (α-glucosidase, α-amylase) were explored from the molecular structure level. The chemical structure of EGC was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. EGC's inhibition on these enzymes was colorimetrically determined. The effects of EGC on the chemical structure and spatial configuration of the enzymes were explored via FTIR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular docking techniques. The results showed that EGC exhibited the inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase in a non-competitive manner, showing a continuous upward trend as EGC's concentration increased. There was a fluorescence quenching effect of EGC on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Molecular docking confirmed that EGC can bind to amino acid residues in the enzyme through intermolecular hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, resulting in the changed chemical structure and spatial conformation of the enzymes. This decreased enzyme activity. This result suggested that EGC has the potential to inhibit two key glycoside hydrolases, and it would be beneficial to incorporate EGC into functional foods for diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiangting Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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Synthesis, Biological Evaluation of ortho-Carboxamidostilbenes as Potential Inhibitors of Hyperglycemic Enzymes, and Molecular Docking Study. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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