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Tanveer A, Gupta S, Dwivedi S, Yadav S, Yadav D. Recycling of printed Xerographic paper using Aspergillus assiutensis enzyme cocktail: an integrated approach to sustainable development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:39217-39231. [PMID: 38814560 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
To overcome the human and animal survivability risk, sustainable development is the only option on earth that can be achieved through the maximum use of renewable environmental resources. Recycling of waste paper is an emerging waste management approach to conserve natural resources. Herein, we studied enzyme-mediated process to recycle the xerographic paper by using the crude fungal extract from indigenously isolated fungi identified as Aspergillus assiutensis. The fungal enzyme cocktail has been characterized for the production of multiple enzymes namely cellulase, amylase, xylanase, pectinase, and protease. All these enzymes have pH optima in the acidic range and except cellulase and all the enzymes are stable from 10 to 80 C. In the zymogram analysis, pectinase, xylanase, amylase, and cellulase were detected at 68 kDa, ~ 54 kDa, 38 kDa, and 30 kDa, respectively. Also, the presence of protease was confirmed by the clear zone at 68, 31, and 16 kDa. A 26% decrease in the kappa number and reduction in Hex A of the pulp was observed on the treatment of the pulp with enzyme as compared to the control pulp without any treatment. The physical and chemical properties of the pulp were also improved by enzyme-mediated pulping as compared to the control The physiochemical parameter of the effluent like TDS was reduced (397 ppm) significantly in comparison to chemical deinking process and it was within the permissible limit. BOD and alkalinity were reduced when the enzymes and chemical dosage were used in combination. These results indicate that chemi-enzymatic deinking is most promising to reduce or remove the pollution parameters including ink and this approach can be used in the paper and pulp industry for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Tanveer
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Supriya Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shruti Dwivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangeeta Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Ortega-Villar R, Escalante A, Astudillo-Melgar F, Lizárraga-Mendiola L, Vázquez-Rodríguez GA, Hidalgo-Lara ME, Coronel-Olivares C. Isolation and Characterization of Thermophilic Bacteria from a Hot Spring in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico, and Geochemical Analysis of the Thermal Water. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1066. [PMID: 38930448 PMCID: PMC11205571 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hot springs worldwide can be a source of extremophilic microorganisms of biotechnological interest. In this study, samplings of a hot spring in Hidalgo, Mexico, were conducted to isolate, identify, and characterize morphologically, biochemically, and molecularly those bacterial strains with potential industrial applications. In addition, a physicochemical and geochemical examination of the hot spring was conducted to fully understand the study region and its potential connection to the strains discovered. The hot spring was classified as sulfate-calcic according to the Piper Diagram; the hydrogeochemical analysis showed the possible interactions between minerals and water. Eighteen bacterial strains were isolated with optimal growth temperatures from 50 to 55 °C. All strains are Gram-positive, the majority having a rod shape, and one a round shape, and 17 produce endospores. Hydrolysis tests on cellulose, pectin, and xylan agar plates demonstrated enzymatic activity in some of the strains. Molecular identification through the 16S rDNA gene allowed classification of 17 strains within the Phylum Firmicutes and one within Deinococcus-Thermus. The bacterial strains were associated with the genera Anoxybacillus, Bacillus, Anerunibacillus, Paenibacillus, and Deinococcus, indicating a diversity of bacterial strains with potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangel Ortega-Villar
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (R.O.-V.)
| | - Adelfo Escalante
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Fernando Astudillo-Melgar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Liliana Lizárraga-Mendiola
- Área Académica de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Gabriela A. Vázquez-Rodríguez
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (R.O.-V.)
| | | | - Claudia Coronel-Olivares
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (R.O.-V.)
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Malik WA, Javed S. Enhancement of cellulase production by cellulolytic bacteria SB125 in submerged fermentation medium and biochemical characterization of the enzyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130415. [PMID: 38403232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Microbial diversity from indigenous cultures has the potential to accelerate lignocellulose degradation through enzymes and make composting economically feasible. Therefore, this study is designed to boost cellulase output from a bacterial strain obtained from soil using a one-variable-at-a-time approach and response surface methodology. The bacteria recognized as Bacillus tequilensis (ON754229) produced the maximum cellulase at a temperature of 37 °C, pH -7.0, and incubation time of 72 h. A major contribution was anticipated by glucose (17 %) and ammonium sulfate (11 %) with cellulase activity of 0.56 U/mL in the optimized medium. The enzyme possessed activity of CMCase, FPase, and amylase of 0.589 μmol/min, 1.22 μmol/min, and 0.92 μmol/min respectively. SDS-PAGE showed a 65 kDa molecular weight of the enzyme capable of degrading cellulose, as confirmed by zymogram analysis. The enzyme showed relatively moderate thermo-stability towards neutral pH conditions possessing optimum conditions at pH 6.5 and temperature of 50 °C. The Km and Vmax values were 11.44 mM and 0.643 μmol/min respectively. The presence of MgSO4, ZnSO4, and Triton X- 100 increased the enzymatic reaction however AgNO3, EDTA, and HgCl2 altered the activation process. These results showed cellulase from B. tequilensis SB125 would be suitable for conventional industrial processes that convert biomass into biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Ayoub Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Saleem Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
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Albulaihed Y, Adnan M, Jamal A, Snoussi M, Patel K, Patel M. Optimization of laccase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia E1 by submerge fermentation using coconut husk with its detoxification and biodecolorization ability of synthetic dyes. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:80. [PMID: 38647840 PMCID: PMC10991366 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of synthetic dyes holds an immense promise for addressing the environmental concerns associated with the textile and dye industries. This study aimed to isolate bacteria capable of producing laccase enzymes from an anthropogenic environment. Subsequently, viability of utilizing cost-effective agricultural residues as substrates for laccase production was assessed. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the One Variable at a Time (OVAT) approach was pursued for the optimization of laccase production, followed by pH and temperature stability, dye degradation and decolorization experiments, toxicological studies on the degraded dye metabolites. In results, laccase-producing bacterial strain was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain E1 (S. maltophilia). Among variety of substrates, coconut husk exhibited optimal efficacy. In a statistical optimization study, it was found that S. maltophilia was capable of producing laccase 51.38 IU/mL, i.e., three times higher than the amount of laccase produced by unoptimized medium (16.7 IU/mL), and the enzyme activity was found to be steady at an acidic pH, and a mesophilic temperature range. The laccase obtained from S. maltophilia E1 demonstrated proficient dye decolorization capabilities, achieving a notable 92.1% reduction in Malachite green dye coloration at a concentration of 500 ppm. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the decolorized derivatives of Malachite green revealed a conversion into a distinct compounds. Moreover, after undergoing laccase treatment, Malachite green exhibited decreased phytotoxic effects on Oryza sativa, pointing to enzymatic detoxification. Collectively, insights gained from the present study will contribute to the development of efficient enzymatic approaches for addressing the environmental pollution caused by synthetic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazeed Albulaihed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Jamal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kartik Patel
- Biotech Research and Development Lab, Witmans Industries Private Limited, Daman, Bhimpore, 396210, India
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Research and Development Cell, Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, India.
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El-Gendi H, Badawy AS, Bakhiet EK, Rawway M, Ali SG. Valorization of lignocellulosic wastes for sustainable xylanase production from locally isolated Bacillus subtilis exploited for xylooligosaccharides' production with potential antimicrobial activity. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:315. [PMID: 37605001 PMCID: PMC10442310 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide availability of lignocellulosic wastes represents a serious environmental challenge with potential opportunities. Xylanases are crucial in lignocellulosic bio-hydrolysis, but the low enzyme productivity and stability are still challenges. In the current study, Bacillus subtilis (coded ARSE2) revealed potent xylanase activity among other local isolates. The enzyme production optimization revealed that maximum enzyme production (490.58 U/mL) was achieved with 1% xylan, 1.4% peptone, and 5% NaCl at 30 °C and pH 9. Furthermore, several lignocellulosic wastes were exploited for sustainable xylanase production, where sugarcane bagasse (16%) under solid-state fermentation and woody sawdust (2%) under submerged fermentation supported the maximum enzyme titer of about 472.03 and 485.7 U/mL, respectively. The partially purified enzyme revealed two protein bands at 42 and 30 kDa. The partially purified enzyme revealed remarkable enzyme activity and stability at 50-60 °C and pH 8-9. The enzyme also revealed significant stability toward tween-80, urea, DTT, and EDTA with Vmax and Km values of 1481.5 U/mL and 0.187 mM, respectively. Additionally, the purified xylanase was applied for xylooligosaccharides production, which revealed significant antimicrobial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus with lower activity against Escherichia coli. Hence, the locally isolated Bacillus subtilis ARSE2 could fulfill the xylanase production requirements in terms of economic production at a high titer with promising enzyme characteristics. Additionally, the resultant xylooligosaccharides revealed a promising antimicrobial potential, which paves the way for other medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Badawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, AL-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Elsayed K Bakhiet
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, AL-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Rawway
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, AL-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Salah G Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, AL-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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Characterization and Process Optimization for Enhanced Production of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-Based Biodegradable Polymer from Bacillus flexus Isolated from Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061407. [PMID: 36987188 PMCID: PMC10057257 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in bio-based degradable plastics as an alternative to synthetic plastic. Polyhyroxybutyrate (PHB) is a macromolecule produced by bacteria as a part of their metabolism. Bacteria accumulate them as reserve materials when growing under different stress conditions. PHBs can be selected as alternatives for the production of biodegradable plastics because of their fast degradation properties when exposed to natural environmental conditions. Hence, the present study was undertaken in order to isolate the potential PHB-producing bacteria isolated from the municipal solid waste landfill site soil samples collected from the Ha’il region of Saudi Arabia to assess the production of PHB using agro-residues as a carbon source and to evaluate the growth of PHB production. In order to screen the isolates for producing PHB, a dye-based procedure was initially employed. Based on the 16S rRNA analysis of the isolates, Bacillus flexus (B. flexus) accumulated the highest amount of PHB of all the isolates. By using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), in which a sharp absorption band at 1721.93 cm−1 (C=O stretching of ester), 1273.23 cm−1 (–CH group), multiple bands between 1000 and 1300 cm−1 (stretching of the C–O bond), 2939.53 cm−1 (–CH3 stretching), 2880.39 cm−1 (–CH2 stretching) and 3510.02 cm−1 (terminal –OH group), the extracted polymer was characterized and confirmed its structure as PHB. The highest PHB production by B. flexus was obtained after 48 h of incubation (3.9 g/L) at pH 7.0 (3.7 g/L), 35 °C (3.5 g/L) with glucose (4.1 g/L) and peptone (3.4 g/L) as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. As a result of the use of various cheap agricultural wastes, such as rice bran, barley bran, wheat bran, orange peel and banana peel as carbon sources, the strain was found to be capable of accumulating PHB. Using response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of PHB synthesis using a Box–Behnken design (BBD) proved to be highly effective in increasing the polymer yield of the synthesis. With the optimum conditions obtained from RSM, PHB content can be increased by approximately 1.3-fold when compared to an unoptimized medium, resulting in a significant reduction in production costs. Thus, isolate B. flexus is a highly promising candidate for the production of industrial-size quantities of PHB from agricultural wastes and is capable of removing the environmental concerns associated with synthetic plastics from the industrial production process. Moreover, the successful production of bioplastics using a microbial culture provides a promising avenue for the large-scale production of biodegradable and renewable plastics with potential applications in various industries, including packaging, agriculture and medicine.
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Ketsakhon P, Thammasittirong A, Thammasittirong SNR. Adding value to rice straw waste for high-level xylanase production using a new isolate of Bacillus altitudinis RS3025. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:87-99. [PMID: 35945409 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
An investigation was carried out using rice straw as a low-cost substrate to study the optimization of xylanase production using a newly identified endospore-forming bacterium, Bacillus altitudinis RS3025. The highest xylanase activity was achieved using 2% rice straw (pretreated with 2% NaOH at 100 °C) at pH 7.0, 37 °C temperature, and with 72-h incubation time. Under the optimized conditions, xylanase activity reached 2518.51 U/mL, which was 11.56-fold higher than the activity under the initial conditions using untreated rice straw as substrate. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the rice straw using crude xylanase of B. altitudinis RS3025 demonstrated the hydrolyzation efficiency of the rice straw waste, especially alkaline rice straw. The highest level of released reducing sugars was 149.78 mg/g substrate. The study demonstrated the successful utilization of rice straw waste for high-level xylanase production using B. altitudinis RS3025 and reducing sugar production using low-cost crude enzyme, which has the advantages of reducing the processing cost and environmental concerns associated with rice straw waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punpaporn Ketsakhon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Anon Thammasittirong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand.,Microbial Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Sutticha Na-Ranong Thammasittirong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand. .,Microbial Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand.
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Harirchi S, Sar T, Ramezani M, Aliyu H, Etemadifar Z, Nojoumi SA, Yazdian F, Awasthi MK, Taherzadeh MJ. Bacillales: From Taxonomy to Biotechnological and Industrial Perspectives. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122355. [PMID: 36557608 PMCID: PMC9781867 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, the genus Bacillus has been known and considered among the most applicable genera in several fields. Recent taxonomical developments resulted in the identification of more species in Bacillus-related genera, particularly in the order Bacillales (earlier heterotypic synonym: Caryophanales), with potential application for biotechnological and industrial purposes such as biofuels, bioactive agents, biopolymers, and enzymes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the taxonomy, growth requirements and physiology, genomics, and metabolic pathways in the highly diverse bacterial order, Bacillales, will facilitate a more robust designing and sustainable production of strain lines relevant to a circular economy. This paper is focused principally on less-known genera and their potential in the order Bacillales for promising applications in the industry and addresses the taxonomical complexities of this order. Moreover, it emphasizes the biotechnological usage of some engineered strains of the order Bacillales. The elucidation of novel taxa, their metabolic pathways, and growth conditions would make it possible to drive industrial processes toward an upgraded functionality based on the microbial nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Harirchi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
| | - Mohaddaseh Ramezani
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibu Aliyu
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Science II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zahra Etemadifar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Nojoumi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Adnan M, Siddiqui AJ, Ashraf SA, Snoussi M, Badraoui R, Alreshidi M, Elasbali AM, Al-Soud WA, Alharethi SH, Sachidanandan M, Patel M. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-Based Biodegradable Polymer from Agromyces indicus: Enhanced Production, Characterization, and Optimization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193982. [PMID: 36235929 PMCID: PMC9571180 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been significant interest in bio-based degradable plastics owing to their potential as a green and sustainable alternative to synthetic plastics due to their biodegradable properties. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable polymer that is produced by bacteria and archaea as carbon and energy reserves. Due to its rapid degradation in natural environments, it can be considered a biodegradable plastic alternative. In the present study, a dye-based procedure was used to screen PHB-producing bacteria isolated from mangrove soil samples. Among the seven isolates, Agromyces indicus (A. indicus), identified by means of 16S rRNA analysis, accumulated the highest amount of PHB. The extracted polymer was characterized by a UV–Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and for the presence of the phbB gene, which confirmed the structure of the polymer as PHB. The maximum PHB production by A. indicus was achieved after 96 h of incubation at a pH of 8.0 and 35 °C in the presence of 2% NaCl, with glucose and peptone as the carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The strain was found to be capable of accumulating PHB when various cheap agricultural wastes, such as rice, barley, corn, and wheat bran, were used as the carbon sources. The response surface methodology (RSM) through the central composite design (CCD) for optimizing the PHB synthesis was found to be highly efficient at augmenting the polymer yields. As a result of the optimum conditions obtained from the RSM, this strain can increase the PHB content by approximately 1.4-fold when compared with an unoptimized medium, which would substantially lower the production cost. Therefore, the isolate A. indicus strain B2 may be regarded as one of the best candidates for the industrial production of PHB from agricultural wastes, and it can remove the environmental concerns associated with synthetic plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Amir Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Abu Al-Soud
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Hussain Alharethi
- Department of Biological Science, College of Arts and Science, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1998, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manojkumar Sachidanandan
- Department of Oral Radiology, College of Dentistry, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
- Correspondence:
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For biotechnological applications: Purification and characterization of recombinant and nanoconjugated xylanase enzyme from thermophilic Bacillus subtilis. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Optimisation of Xylanase–Pectinase Cocktail Production with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ADI2 Using a Low-Cost Substrate via Statistical Strategy. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An effective statistical tool for increasing and boosting the production of xylanase and pectinase by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ADI2 during submerged fermentation (SmF) appears to be the response of surface methodology (RSM) using the central composite design (CCD). Optimum production was achieved under fermentation conditions of a temperature of 28 °C, pH of 8.38, inoculum size of 4% (w/v) and agitation speed of 94 rpm for 48 h. The experimental responses demonstrated a near agreement with the expected responses under optimum conditions of independent variables, suggesting the model’s validity. The optimised CCD model had a 1.34-fold, 159 ± 6 U/mL greater xylanase and 5.96-fold, 205 ± 9 U/mL greater pectinase production than the one factor at a time (OFAT) approach. The production of concurrent enzymes of xylanase–pectinase resulted in a ratio of 1:1.3.
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Agrawal S, Nagpal R, Sharma D, Bhardwaj N, Mahajan R. An eco-friendly biocatalytic process for producing better quality paper from sugarcane bagasse using ultrafiltered enzymes concoction. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:741-747. [PMID: 35113232 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse has been carried out with ultrafiltered xylano-pectinolytic enzymes, before conventional chemical bleaching process. Optimized enzymatic dose (4 IU xylanase and 1.2 IU pectinase per g of oven dried pulp) and retention time (180 min) were determined on the basis of maximum decrement in kappa number (from 20.93 to 15.32), release of maximum sugars (7.4 mg/g) as well as attainment of maximum brightness (25.1% ISO), whiteness (from - 57.3 to - 41.9) and minimum yellowness (from 48.7 to 35.3) of the pulp samples. Enzymatically treated samples also showed release of phenolic, lignin and hydrophobic compounds in their filtrates. Nearly 30% decrement in the exhaustion of bleaching chemical dose was detected as compared to control samples. The physical properties such as tear index, burst index, double fold number, breaking length, gurley porosity and viscosity of enzymo-chemically treated bagasse pulp samples were improved by 6.68%, 33.86%, 22.92%, 13.43%, 17.5% and 9.64%, respectively. Additionally, a decrement of 36.75% and 28.29% in the values of BOD and COD of the effluents was also noted, which demonstrated the fact that, inclusion of enzymes in chemical based protocols of paper and pulp industries could be a highly beneficial and eco-friendly approach in upcoming decades. This is the first report mentioning the effect of ultrafiltered xylano-pectinolytic enzymes concoction on sugarcane bagasse pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Agrawal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.,Department of Life Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Raksha Nagpal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, IAMR College, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nishikant Bhardwaj
- Avantha Centre for Industrial Research and Development, Paper Mill Campus, Yamuna Nagar, India
| | - Ritu Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
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Devi A, Bajar S, Kour H, Kothari R, Pant D, Singh A. Lignocellulosic Biomass Valorization for Bioethanol Production: a Circular Bioeconomy Approach. BIOENERGY RESEARCH 2022; 15:1820-1841. [PMID: 35154558 PMCID: PMC8819208 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-022-10401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass generated from different sectors (agriculture, forestry, industrial) act as biorefinery precursor for production of second-generation (2G) bioethanol and other biochemicals. The integration of various conversion techniques on a single platform under biorefinery approach for production of biofuel and industrially important chemicals from LCB is gaining interest worldwide. The waste generated on utilization of bio-resources is almost negligible or zero in a biorefinery along with reduced greenhouse gas emissions, which supports the circular bioeconomy concept. The economic viability of a lignocellulosic biorefinery depends upon the efficient utilization of three major components of LCB-cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The heterogeneous structure and recalcitrant nature of LCB is main obstacle in its valorization into bioethanol and other value-added products. The success of bioconversion process depends upon methods used during pre-treatment, hydrolysis and fermentation processes. The cost involved in each step of the bioconversion process affects the viability of cellulosic ethanol. The lignocellulose biorefinery has ample scope, but much-focused research is required to fully utilize major parts of lignocellulosic biomass with zero wastage. The present review entails lignocellulosic biomass valorization for ethanol production, along with different steps involved in its production. Various value-added products produced from LCB components were also discussed. Recent technological advances and significant challenges in bioethanol production are also highlighted in addition to future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Devi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, 181143 Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Somvir Bajar
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006 Haryana India
| | - Havleen Kour
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, 181143 Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Richa Kothari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, 181143 Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Deepak Pant
- Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Anita Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, 181143 Jammu and Kashmir India
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Ajeje SB, Hu Y, Song G, Peter SB, Afful RG, Sun F, Asadollahi MA, Amiri H, Abdulkhani A, Sun H. Thermostable Cellulases / Xylanases From Thermophilic and Hyperthermophilic Microorganisms: Current Perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:794304. [PMID: 34976981 PMCID: PMC8715034 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.794304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioconversion of lignocellulose into monosaccharides is critical for ensuring the continual manufacturing of biofuels and value-added bioproducts. Enzymatic degradation, which has a high yield, low energy consumption, and enhanced selectivity, could be the most efficient and environmentally friendly technique for converting complex lignocellulose polymers to fermentable monosaccharides, and it is expected to make cellulases and xylanases the most demanded industrial enzymes. The widespread nature of thermophilic microorganisms allows them to proliferate on a variety of substrates and release substantial quantities of cellulases and xylanases, which makes them a great source of thermostable enzymes. The most significant breakthrough of lignocellulolytic enzymes lies in lignocellulose-deconstruction by enzymatic depolymerization of holocellulose into simple monosaccharides. However, commercially valuable thermostable cellulases and xylanases are challenging to produce in high enough quantities. Thus, the present review aims at giving an overview of the most recent thermostable cellulases and xylanases isolated from thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microbes. The emphasis is on recent advancements in manufacturing these enzymes in other mesophilic host and enhancement of catalytic activity as well as thermostability of thermophilic cellulases and xylanases, using genetic engineering as a promising and efficient technology for its economic production. Additionally, the biotechnological applications of thermostable cellulases and xylanases of thermophiles were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaila Boyi Ajeje
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guojie Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Sunday Bulus Peter
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Richmond Godwin Afful
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mohammad Ali Asadollahi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Abdulkhani
- Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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Production of thermal and acid-stable pectinase from Bacillus subtilis strain BK-3: Optimization, characterization, and application for fruit juice clarification. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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