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Dini S, Bekhit AEDA, Roohinejad S, Vale JM, Agyei D. The Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Biosurfactants: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:2544. [PMID: 38893420 PMCID: PMC11173842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Surfactants, also known as surface-active agents, have emerged as an important class of compounds with a wide range of applications. However, the use of chemical-derived surfactants must be restricted due to their potential adverse impact on the ecosystem and the health of human and other living organisms. In the past few years, there has been a growing inclination towards natural-derived alternatives, particularly microbial surfactants, as substitutes for synthetic or chemical-based counterparts. Microbial biosurfactants are abundantly found in bacterial species, predominantly Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. The chemical structures of biosurfactants involve the complexation of lipids with carbohydrates (glycolipoproteins and glycolipids), peptides (lipopeptides), and phosphates (phospholipids). Lipopeptides, in particular, have been the subject of extensive research due to their versatile properties, including emulsifying, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review provides an update on research progress in the classification of surfactants. Furthermore, it explores various bacterial biosurfactants and their functionalities, along with their advantages over synthetic surfactants. Finally, the potential applications of these biosurfactants in many industries and insights into future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Dini
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.D.); (A.E.-D.A.B.)
| | - Alaa El-Din A. Bekhit
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.D.); (A.E.-D.A.B.)
| | - Shahin Roohinejad
- Research and Development Division, Zoom Essence Inc., 1131 Victory Place, Hebron, KY 41048, USA (J.M.V.)
| | - Jim M. Vale
- Research and Development Division, Zoom Essence Inc., 1131 Victory Place, Hebron, KY 41048, USA (J.M.V.)
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.D.); (A.E.-D.A.B.)
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Sreelakshmi KP, Madhuri M, Swetha R, Rangarajan V, Roy U. Microbial lipopeptides: their pharmaceutical and biotechnological potential, applications, and way forward. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:135. [PMID: 38489053 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
As lead molecules, cyclic lipopeptides with antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties have garnered a lot of attention in recent years. Because of their potential, cyclic lipopeptides have earned recognition as a significant class of antimicrobial compounds with applications in pharmacology and biotechnology. These lipopeptides, often with biosurfactant properties, are amphiphilic, consisting of a hydrophilic moiety, like a carboxyl group, peptide backbone, or carbohydrates, and a hydrophobic moiety, mostly a fatty acid. Besides, several lipopeptides also have cationic groups that play an important role in biological activities. Antimicrobial lipopeptides can be considered as possible substitutes for antibiotics that are conventional to address the current drug-resistant issues as pharmaceutical industries modify the parent antibiotic molecules to render them more effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungi, leading to the development of more resistant microbial strains. Bacillus species produce lipopeptides, which are secondary metabolites that are amphiphilic and are typically synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). They have been identified as potential biocontrol agents as they exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. A further benefit of lipopeptides is that they can be produced and purified biotechnologically or biochemically in a sustainable manner using readily available, affordable, renewable sources without harming the environment. In this review, we discuss the biochemical and functional characterization of antifungal lipopeptides, as well as their various modes of action, method of production and purification (in brief), and potential applications as novel antibiotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Sreelakshmi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-KK Birla Goa Campus Goa, NH 17 B Bypass Rd., Goa, 403726, India
| | - M Madhuri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-KK Birla Goa Campus Goa, NH 17 B Bypass Rd., Goa, 403726, India
| | - R Swetha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-KK Birla Goa Campus Goa, NH 17 B Bypass Rd., Goa, 403726, India
| | - Vivek Rangarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-KK Birla Goa Campus Goa, NH 17 B Bypass Rd., Goa, 403726, India
| | - Utpal Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-KK Birla Goa Campus Goa, NH 17 B Bypass Rd., Goa, 403726, India.
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Narciso F, Cardoso S, Monge N, Lourenço M, Martin V, Duarte N, Santos C, Gomes P, Bettencourt A, Ribeiro IAC. 3D-printed biosurfactant-chitosan antibacterial coating for the prevention of silicone-based associated infections. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 230:113486. [PMID: 37572399 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Infections associated with the surfaces of medical devices represent a critical problem due to biofilm formation and the growing resistance towards antibacterial drugs. This is particularly relevant in commonly used invasive devices such as silicone-based ones where a demand for alternative antibiofilm surfaces is increasing. In this work, an antimicrobial chitosan-biosurfactant hydrogel mesh was produced by 3D-printing. The 3D structure was designed to coat polydimethylsiloxane-based medical devices for infection prevention. Additionally, the porous 3D structure allows the incorporation of customized bioactive components. For this purpose, two biosurfactants (surfactin and sophorolipids) were biosynthesized and tested for their antimicrobial activity. In addition, the printing of surfactant-chitosan-based coatings was optimized, and the resulting 3D structures were characterized (i.e., wettability, FTIR-ATR, antimicrobial activity, and biocompatibility). Compared with surfactin, the results showed a better yield and higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria for sophorolipids (SLs). Thus, SLs were used to produce chitosan-based 3D-printed coatings. Overall, the SLs-impregnated coatings showed the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus planktonic bacteria (61 % of growth inhibition) and antibiofilm activity (2 log units reduction) when compared to control. Furthermore, concerning biocompatibility, the coatings were cytocompatible towards human dermal fibroblasts. Finally, the coating presented a mesh suitable to be filled with a model bioactive compound (i.e., hyaluronic acid), paving the way to be used for customized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Narciso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 1829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sara Cardoso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Monge
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos Educacionais (CIED), Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Campus de Benfica do IPL, 1549-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madalena Lourenço
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Victor Martin
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration - Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE, U. Porto, Porto, 4160-007, Portugal
| | - Noélia Duarte
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Santos
- CQE Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal; EST Setúbal, CDP2T, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Campus IPS, 2910 Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Pedro Gomes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration - Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE, U. Porto, Porto, 4160-007, Portugal
| | - Ana Bettencourt
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Isabel A C Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Caccamo MT, Zammuto V, Spanò A, Gugliandolo C, Magazù S. Hydrating Capabilities of the Biopolymers Produced by the Marine Thermophilic Bacillus horneckiae SBP3 as Evaluated by ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5988. [PMID: 36079369 PMCID: PMC9457388 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The surfactin-like lipopeptide (BS-SBP3) and the exopolysaccharide (EPS-SBP3) produced by the polyextremophilic Bacillus horneckiae SBP3 (DSM 103063) have been recently described as valuable biopolymers useful in biotechnological applications. To investigate the hydrating capabilities of BS-SBP3 and EPS-SBP3, here we evaluated (i) their wetting properties, measuring the contact angle; (ii) their moisture uptake abilities using the gravimetric method; and (iii) their hydrating states (from 0 to 160% w/w of water content) using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. BS-SBP3 reduced the water contact angle on a hydrophobic surface from 81.7° to 51.3°, whereas the contact angle in the presence of EPS-SBP3 was 72.9°, indicating that BS-SBP3 improved the wettability of the hydrophobic surface. In the moisture uptake tests, EPS-SBP3 absorbed more water than BS-SBP3, increasing its weight from 10 mg to 30.1 mg after 36 h of 100% humidity exposure. Spectral distance and cross-correlation analyses were used to evaluate the molecular changes of the two biopolymers during the hydration process. As the water concentration increased, BS-SBP3 spectra changed in intensity in the two contributions of the OH-stretching band named "closed" and "open" (3247 and 3336 cm-1, respectively). Differently, the spectra of EPS-SBP3 exhibited a broader peak (3257 cm-1), which shifted at higher water concentrations. As evaluated by the spectral distance and the wavelet cross-correlation analysis, the OH-stretching bands of the BS-SBP3 and EPS-SBP3 changed as a function of water content, with two different sigmoidal trends having the inflection points at 80% and 48%, respectively, indicating peculiar water-properties of each biopolymer. As wetting agents, these biopolymers might replace industrially manufactured additives in agriculture and the food and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Caccamo
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Zammuto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Spanò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Magazù
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Mahapatra S, Yadav R, Ramakrishna W. Bacillus subtilis Impact on Plant Growth, Soil Health and Environment: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3543-3562. [PMID: 35137494 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increased dependence of farmers on chemical fertilizers poses a risk to soil fertility and ecosystem stability. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are at the forefront of sustainable agriculture, providing multiple benefits for the enhancement of crop production and soil health. Bacillus subtilis is a common PGPR in soil that plays a key role in conferring biotic and abiotic stress tolerance to plants by induced systemic resistance (ISR), biofilm formation, and lipopeptide production. As a part of bioremediating technologies, Bacillus spp. can purify metal contaminated soil. It acts as a potent denitrifying agent in agroecosystems while improving the carbon sequestration process when applied in a regulated concentration. Although it harbors several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), it can reduce the horizontal transfer of ARGs during manure composting by modifying the genetic makeup of existing microbiota. In some instances, it affects the beneficial microbes of the rhizosphere. External inoculation of B. subtilis has both positive and negative impacts on the endophytic and semi-synthetic microbial community. Soil texture, type, pH, and bacterial concentration play a crucial role in the regulation of all these processes. Soil amendments and microbial consortia of Bacillus produced by microbial engineering could be used to lessen the negative effect on soil microbial diversity. The complex plant-microbe interactions could be decoded using transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics strategies which would be beneficial for both crop productivity and the well-being of soil microbiota. Bacillus subtilis has more positive attributes similar to the character of Dr. Jekyll and some negative attributes on plant growth, soil health, and the environment akin to the character of Mr. Hyde.
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Singh RD, Kapila S, Ganesan NG, Rangarajan V. A review on green nanoemulsions for cosmetic applications with special emphasis on microbial surfactants as impending emulsifying agents. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Devendra Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science‐Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus Zuarinagar Goa India
| | - Shreya Kapila
- Department of Chemical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science‐Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus Zuarinagar Goa India
| | - Neela Gayathri Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science‐Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus Zuarinagar Goa India
| | - Vivek Rangarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science‐Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus Zuarinagar Goa India
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Optimizing the Process Design of Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion for Delivering Poorly Soluble Cannabidiol Oil. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Process approaches and intensification technological processes are integrated parts of available devices, which have a positive effect on the parameters of the obtained products. Nanoemulsions as delivery carriers are becoming more popular and there is a real need to increase the possibilities of formulation designing and engineering. Therefore, preparations of oil-in-water nanoemulsion with encapsulated cannabidiol (CBD) as oil phase were carried out in two ways: sonication method and two-stage high-pressure homogenization. The provided analysis showed spherical morphology and much larger sizes and polydispersity of nanoemulsions obtained by the sonication approach. The size of nanodroplets was from 216 nm up to 1418 nm for sonication, whereas for homogenization 128–880 nm. Additionally, it was observed that a proportionally higher percentage of surfactin resulted in a higher value of the Zeta potential. The formulations were found to be stable for at least 30 days. The in vitro experiments performed on human skin cell lines (HaCaT keratinocytes and normal dermal NHDF fibroblasts), and in vivo topical tests on probants established the biocompatibility of nanoemulsions with CBD. The last stage exhibits reduced discoloration and a higher degree of hydration by the selected systems with CBD and, thus indicating this nanoformulation as useful in cosmetics applications.
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