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Wang J, Wang L, Yang C, Zhu Y, Chen Z, He G, Hu K, Liu K, Fang B, Li D, Shi R. Preparation of magnetic polyacrylamide hydrogel with chitosan for immobilization of glutamate decarboxylase to produce γ-aminobutyric acid. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:103-114. [PMID: 37184437 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2209884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an vital neurotransmitter, and the reaction to obtain GABA through biocatalysis requires coenzymes, which are therefore limited in the production of GABA. In this study, polyacrylamide hydrogels doped with chitosan and waste toner were synthesized for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and coenzyme co-immobilization to realize the production of GABA and the recovery of coenzymes. Enzymatic properties of immobilized GAD were discussed. The immobilized enzymes have significantly improved pH and temperature tolerance compared to free enzymes. In terms of reusability, after 10 repeated reuses of the immobilized GAD, the residual enzyme activity of immobilized GAD still retains 100% of the initial enzyme activity, and the immobilized coenzyme can also be kept at about 32%, with better stability and reusability. And under the control of no exogenous pH, immobilized GAD showed good performance in producing GABA. Therefore, in many ways, the new composite hydrogel provides another way for the utilization of waste toner and promises the possibility of industrial production of GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengli Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihui Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqian Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanya He
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaishun Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaixuan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Beibei Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Dali Li
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruofu Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Sustainable Management of Calcite Contaminated with Waste Toner Powder in the Construction Industry. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144785. [PMID: 35888251 PMCID: PMC9322812 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the highly explosive nature of toners, absorbers are used in toner processing plants to prevent the explosion of toner dust suspension in the air. Usually, finely divided calcite (in the form of a dust) is used. The mixture of toner-calcite is treated as waste and landfilled. The main aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using toner-contaminated calcite as an additive to concrete. Materials originating from the toner processing plant were analyzed by using TGA, AAS, XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques. Calcite-waste toner powder mixture in amounts 0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were used to produce concrete. The results of the study showed that an increase in the amount of calcite contaminated with toner to 20% causes a decrease in compressive strength of concrete by 24–51% depending on material sample. The addition of calcite in amounts up to 5% can be a suitable method of its management.
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