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Zhu X, Qiang Y, Wang X, Fan M, Lv Z, Zhou Y, He B. Reversible immobilization of cellulase on gelatin for efficient insoluble cellulose hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132928. [PMID: 38897510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Immobilized enzymes are one of the most common tools used in enzyme engineering, as they can substantially reduce the cost of enzyme isolation and use. However, efficient catalysis of solid substrates using immobilized enzymes is challenging, hydrolysis of insoluble cellulose by immobilized cellulases is a typical example of this problem. In this study, inspired by bees and honeycombs, we prepared gelatin-modified cellulase (BEE) and gelatin hydrogels (HONEYCOMB) to achieve reversible recycling versus release of cellulase through temperature-responsive changes in the triple-stranded helix-like interactions between BEE and HONEYCOMB. At elevated temperatures, BEE was released from HONEYCOMB and participated in hydrolytic saccharification. After 24 h, the glucose yields of both the free enzyme and BEE reached the same level. When the temperature was decreased, BEE recombined with HONEYCOMB to facilitate the effective separation and recycling of BEE from the system. The enzymatic system retained >70 % activity after four reuse cycles. In addition, this system showed good biocompatibility and environmental safety. This method increases the mass transfer capacity and enables easy recovery of immobilized cellulase, thereby serving as a valuable strategy for the immobilization of other enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhu
- School of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qiang
- School of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- School of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
| | - Mingliang Fan
- School of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Zuoyuan Lv
- School of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Bin He
- School of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
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Santos MPF, Junior ECS, Bonomo RCF, Santos LS, Veloso CM. Hydrolysis of Casein by Pepsin Immobilized on Heterofunctional Supports to Produce Antioxidant Peptides. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04988-2. [PMID: 38888698 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
A study was carried out on the immobilization of pepsin in activated carbon functionalized by different techniques (glutaraldehyde, genipin, and metallization) aiming at its application in obtaining bioactive peptides through casein hydrolysis. Studies of the immobilized derivatives were carried out in addition to the evaluation of the antioxidant potential of the peptides. Among the pH range studied, pH 3.0 was selected due to the higher activity of the derivatives at this pH. The support modification by metallization was the method with the best results, providing a 121% increase in enzymatic activity compared to other immobilization methods. In addition, this derivative provided activity closer to the soluble enzyme activity (3.30 U) and better storage stability, and allows reuse for more than 8 cycles. In turn, the peptides from casein hydrolysis showed potential as antioxidant agents, with a DPPH radical scavenging activity higher than 70%, maximum protection against β-carotene oxidation close to 70%, and a maximum reducing power of Fe(III) into Fe(II) of 400 uM by the FRAP assay. The results showed that the new techniques for modification of activated carbon can be a promising approach for pepsin immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus P F Santos
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, Km 04, S/N, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory - Agroindustry, Santa Cruz State University, Rod. Jorge Amado, Km 16, S/N, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Evaldo C S Junior
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, Km 04, S/N, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Renata C F Bonomo
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, Km 04, S/N, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Leandro Soares Santos
- Laboratory of Packaging and Agro-Industrial Projects, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, Km 04, S/N, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane M Veloso
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, Km 04, S/N, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil.
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Hussain A, Parveen F, Saxena A, Ashfaque M. A review of nanotechnology in enzyme cascade to address challenges in pre-treating biomass. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132466. [PMID: 38761904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has become a revolutionary technique for improving the preliminary treatment of lignocellulosic biomass in the production of biofuels. Traditional methods of pre-treatment have encountered difficulties in effectively degrading the intricate lignocellulosic composition, thereby impeding the conversion of biomass into fermentable sugars. Nanotechnology has enabled the development of enzyme cascade processes that present a potential solution for addressing the limitations. The focus of this review article is to delve into the utilization of nanotechnology in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass through enzyme cascade processes. The review commences with an analysis of the composition and structure of lignocellulosic biomass, followed by a discussion on the drawbacks associated with conventional pre-treatment techniques. The subsequent analysis explores the importance of efficient pre-treatment methods in the context of biofuel production. We thoroughly investigate the utilization of nanotechnology in the pre-treatment of enzyme cascades across three distinct sections. Nanomaterials for enzyme immobilization, enhanced enzyme stability and activity through nanotechnology, and nanocarriers for controlled enzyme delivery. Moreover, the techniques used to analyse nanomaterials and the interactions between enzymes and nanomaterials are introduced. This review emphasizes the significance of comprehending the mechanisms underlying the synergy between nanotechnology and enzymes establishing sustainable and environmentally friendly nanotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Hussain
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fouziya Parveen
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayush Saxena
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Ashfaque
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Xu C, Tong S, Sun L, Gu X. Cellulase immobilization to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: An all-inclusive review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121319. [PMID: 37739542 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Cellulase-mediated lignocellulosic biorefinery plays a crucial role in the production of high-value biofuels and chemicals, with enzymatic hydrolysis being an essential component. The advent of cellulase immobilization has revolutionized this process, significantly enhancing the efficiency, stability, and reusability of cellulase enzymes. This review offers a thorough analysis of the fundamental principles underlying immobilization, encompassing various immobilization approaches such as physical adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, and cross-linking. Furthermore, it explores a diverse range of carrier materials, including inorganic, organic, and hybrid/composite materials. The review also focuses on emerging approaches like multi-enzyme co-immobilization, oriented immobilization, immobilized enzyme microreactors, and enzyme engineering for immobilization. Additionally, it delves into novel carrier technologies like 3D printing carriers, stimuli-responsive carriers, artificial cellulosomes, and biomimetic carriers. Moreover, the review addresses recent obstacles in cellulase immobilization, including molecular-level immobilization mechanism, diffusion limitations, loss of cellulase activity, cellulase leaching, and considerations of cost-effectiveness and scalability. The knowledge derived from this review is anticipated to catalyze the evolution of more efficient and sustainable biocatalytic systems for lignocellulosic biomass conversion, representing the current state-of-the-art in cellulase immobilization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Shanshan Tong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Liqun Sun
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
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Bhati N, Shreya, Sharma AK. Strain improvement of Aspergillus uvarum CBS 121591 for improved production of cellulase and its immobilization on calcium alginate beads. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Jan HA, Saqib NU, Khusro A, Sahibzada MUK, Rauf M, Alghamdi S, Almehmadi M, Khandaker MU, Emran TB, Mohafez H. Synthesis of biodiesel from Carthamus tinctorius L. oil using TiO2 nanoparticles as a catalyst. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2022; 34:102317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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