1
|
Li J, Yin Y, Huang H, Li M, Li H, Zhang M, Jiang C, Yang R. RUNX1 methylation as a cancer biomarker in differentiating papillary thyroid cancer from benign thyroid nodules. Epigenomics 2023; 15:1257-1272. [PMID: 38126720 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: It remains a challenge to accurately identify malignancy of thyroid nodules when biopsy is indeterminate. The authors aimed to investigate the abnormal DNA methylation signatures in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) compared with benign thyroid nodules (BTNs). Methods: The authors performed genome profiling by 850K array and RNA sequencing in early-stage PTC and BTN tissue samples. The identified gene was validated in two independent case-control studies using mass spectrometry. Results: Hypomethylation of RUNX1 in PTC was identified and verified (all odds ratios: ≥1.50). RUNX1 methylation achieved good accuracy in differentiating early-stage PTC from BTNs, especially for younger women. Conclusion: The authors disclosed a significant association between RUNX1 hypomethylation and PTC, suggesting RUNX1 methylation as a potential biomarker for companion diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yifei Yin
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University & Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223000, China
| | - Haixia Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University & Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223000, China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University & Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223000, China
| | - Chenxia Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Rongxi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
RUNX1 gene expression in Egyptian acute myeloid leukemia patients: may it have therapeutic implications? EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Acute myeloid leukemia represents the highest percentage of all adult acute leukemia variants. Runt-related transcription factor1 (RUNX1), a transcription factor with a known tumor suppressor function, was recently reported as a tumor promoter in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We investigated the role of RUNX1 gene expression level in Egyptian AML patients and delineated its clinical significance.
Results
We measured RUNX1 gene expression level using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and found that the RUNX1 gene expression level was significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.001). Patients with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations had a higher expression level of RUNX1 (p = 0.023). The male patients expressed a significantly higher level of RUNX1 (p = 0.046).
Conclusions
The RUNX1 gene is highly expressed in Egyptian AML patients. It has a relation to FLT3-ITD, which may give a clue that patients carrying this mutation may benefit from new treatments that target RUNX1 in the future. Further studies on a larger number of patients with different ethnic groups may give a clearer vision of the therapeutic implications of a new molecular target.
Collapse
|
3
|
Yokomizo-Nakano T, Sashida G. Two faces of RUNX3 in myeloid transformation. Exp Hematol 2021; 97:14-20. [PMID: 33600870 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RUNX3, a transcription factor, has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in various cancers, including hematological malignancies; however, recent studies revealed an oncogenic function of RUNX3 in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. In contrast to the high frequency of mutations in the RUNX1 gene, deletion of and loss-of-function mutations in RUNX3 are rarely detected in patients with hematopoietic malignancies. Although RUNX3 is expressed in normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, its expression decreases with aging in humans. The loss of Runx3 did not result in the development of lethal hematological diseases in mice despite the expansion of myeloid cells. Therefore, RUNX3 does not appear to initiate the transformation of normal hematopoietic stem cells. However, the overexpression of RUNX3 inhibits the expression and transcriptional function of the RUNX1 gene, but activates the expression of key oncogenic pathways, such as MYC, resulting in the transformation of premalignant stem cells harboring a driver genetic mutation. We herein discuss the mechanisms by which RUNX3 is activated and how RUNX3 exerts oncogenic effects on the cellular function of and transcriptional program in premalignant stem cells to drive myeloid transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yokomizo-Nakano
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Goro Sashida
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Riddell A, McBride M, Braun T, Nicklin SA, Cameron E, Loughrey CM, Martin TP. RUNX1: an emerging therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1410-1423. [PMID: 32154891 PMCID: PMC7314639 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor-1 (RUNX1), also known as acute myeloid leukaemia 1 protein (AML1), is a member of the core-binding factor family of transcription factors which modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in multiple systems. It is a master-regulator transcription factor, which has been implicated in diverse signalling pathways and cellular mechanisms during normal development and disease. RUNX1 is best characterized for its indispensable role for definitive haematopoiesis and its involvement in haematological malignancies. However, more recently RUNX1 has been identified as a key regulator of adverse cardiac remodelling following myocardial infarction. This review discusses the role RUNX1 plays in the heart and highlights its therapeutic potential as a target to limit the progression of adverse cardiac remodelling and heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Riddell
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Martin McBride
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stuart A Nicklin
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Ewan Cameron
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Christopher M Loughrey
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Tamara P Martin
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yokomizo-Nakano T, Kubota S, Bai J, Hamashima A, Morii M, Sun Y, Katagiri S, Iimori M, Kanai A, Tanaka D, Oshima M, Harada Y, Ohyashiki K, Iwama A, Harada H, Osato M, Sashida G. Overexpression of RUNX3 Represses RUNX1 to Drive Transformation of Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2523-2536. [PMID: 32341038 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RUNX3, a RUNX family transcription factor, regulates normal hematopoiesis and functions as a tumor suppressor in various tumors in humans and mice. However, emerging studies have documented increased expression of RUNX3 in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) of a subset of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) showing a worse outcome, suggesting an oncogenic function for RUNX3 in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies. To elucidate the oncogenic function of RUNX3 in the pathogenesis of MDS in vivo, we generated a RUNX3-expressing, Tet2-deficient mouse model with the pancytopenia and dysplastic blood cells characteristic of MDS in patients. RUNX3-expressing cells markedly suppressed the expression levels of Runx1, a critical regulator of hemaotpoiesis in normal and malignant cells, as well as its target genes, which included crucial tumor suppressors such as Cebpa and Csf1r. RUNX3 bound these genes and remodeled their Runx1-binding regions in Tet2-deficient cells. Overexpression of RUNX3 inhibited the transcriptional function of Runx1 and compromised hematopoiesis to facilitate the development of MDS in the absence of Tet2, indicating that RUNX3 is an oncogene. Furthermore, overexpression of RUNX3 activated the transcription of Myc target genes and rendered cells sensitive to inhibition of Myc-Max heterodimerization. Collectively, these results reveal the mechanism by which RUNX3 overexpression exerts oncogenic effects on the cellular function of and transcriptional program in Tet2-deficient stem cells to drive the transformation of MDS. SIGNIFICANCE: This study defines the oncogenic effects of transcription factor RUNX3 in driving the transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome, highlighting RUNX3 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yokomizo-Nakano
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan
| | - Sho Kubota
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan
| | - Ai Hamashima
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan
| | - Mariko Morii
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan
| | - Yuqi Sun
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan
| | | | - Mihoko Iimori
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan
| | - Akinori Kanai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuka Harada
- Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Ohyashiki
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo Japan
| | - Hironori Harada
- Laboratory of Oncology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motomi Osato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Goro Sashida
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Benzodiazepines Drive Alteration of Chromatin at the Integrated HIV-1 LTR. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020191. [PMID: 32050449 PMCID: PMC7077212 DOI: 10.3390/v12020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) lowers human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral load to undetectable levels, but does not eliminate the latent reservoir. One of the factors controlling the latent reservoir is transcriptional silencing of the integrated HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR). The molecular mechanisms that control HIV-1 transcription are not completely understood. We have previously shown that RUNX1, a host transcription factor, may play a role in the establishment and maintenance of HIV-1 latency. Prior work has demonstrated that inhibition of RUNX1 by the benzodiazepine (BDZ) Ro5-3335 synergizes with suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) to activate HIV-1 transcription. In this current work, we examine the effect of RUNX1 inhibition on the chromatin state of the integrated HIV-1 LTR. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we found that Ro5-3335 significantly increased the occupancy of STAT5 at the HIV-1 LTR. We also screened other BDZs for their ability to regulate HIV-1 transcription and demonstrate their ability to increase transcription and alter chromatin at the LTR without negatively affecting Tat activity. These findings shed further light on the mechanism by which RUNX proteins control HIV-1 transcription and suggest that BDZ compounds might be useful in activating HIV-1 transcription through STAT5 recruitment to the HIV-1 LTR.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen Y, Zhang L, Liu L, Sun S, Zhao X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Du J, Gu L. Rasip1 is a RUNX1 target gene and promotes migration of NSCLC cells. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4537-4552. [PMID: 30349386 PMCID: PMC6190810 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s168438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), an essential regulator of hematopoiesis, is overexpressed in patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is correlated with enhanced metastatic ability. Ras-interacting protein 1 (Rasip1), a potential oncogene, is required for blood vessel formation, and recently, it has been shown that Rasip1 is widely expressed in NSCLC patients. We noticed that Rasip1 promoter contains several potential RUNX1-binding sequences. However, the relationship between Rasip1 and RUNX1 in NSCLC is still unknown. In this study, the potential function of RUNX1 involving in Rasip1 expression and the potential role of Rasip1 in lung cancer cells were investigated. Materials and methods Rasip1 and RUNX1 expressions were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting in NSCLC cells lines. A549 and H1299 cells were transfected with plasmids or interfering RNA (siRNA) to upregulate or downregulate the expression of Rasip1 and RUNX1. Cell motility was assessed by transwell and wound-healing assay. Location of Rasip1 and RUNX1 was detected via immunofluorescence. Meanwhile, chromatin immunoprecipitation was done using an anti-RUNX1 antibody. Rasip1 promoter was constructed, and cells were lysed for the analysis of luciferase activity. Results In this study, we showed that ectopic expression or knockdown of RUNX1 resulted in a significant increase or reduction in Rasip1 expression, respectively. RUNX1 bound directly to a specific DNA sequence within Rasip1 promoter and modulated its transcription. Furthermore, silencing of Rasip1 inhibited the migration of RUNX1-overexpressing NSCLC cells through inactivation of Rac1 pathway. Moreover, we found that Rasip1 was expressed ubiquitously in NSCLC cells lines and enhanced cell migration. In addition, EGFR signaling was involved both in the expression and the subcellular localization of Rasip1. Conclusion Our data indicated that Rasip1 is regulated in part by the transcription factor RUNX1 and might be developed as a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shixiu Sun
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, .,Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, .,Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, .,Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Herkt SC, Kuvardina ON, Herglotz J, Schneider L, Meyer A, Pommerenke C, Salinas-Riester G, Seifried E, Bonig H, Lausen J. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 controls erythroid gene expression and differentiation of human CD34 + progenitor cells. Haematologica 2017; 103:18-29. [PMID: 29025910 PMCID: PMC5777187 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.174516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic differentiation is driven by transcription factors, which orchestrate a finely tuned transcriptional network. At bipotential branching points lineage decisions are made, where key transcription factors initiate cell type-specific gene expression programs. These programs are stabilized by the epigenetic activity of recruited chromatin-modifying cofactors. An example is the association of the transcription factor RUNX1 with protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) at the megakaryocytic/erythroid bifurcation. However, little is known about the specific influence of PRMT6 on this important branching point. Here, we show that PRMT6 inhibits erythroid gene expression during megakaryopoiesis of primary human CD34+ progenitor cells. PRMT6 is recruited to erythroid genes, such as glycophorin A. Consequently, a repressive histone modification pattern with high H3R2me2a and low H3K4me3 is established. Importantly, inhibition of PRMT6 by shRNA or small molecule inhibitors leads to upregulation of erythroid genes and promotes erythropoiesis. Our data reveal that PRMT6 plays a role in the control of erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation and open up the possibility that manipulation of PRMT6 activity could facilitate enhanced erythropoiesis for therapeutic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie C Herkt
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Olga N Kuvardina
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Julia Herglotz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Lucas Schneider
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Annekarin Meyer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main
| | | | | | - Erhard Seifried
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Jörn Lausen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mizutani S, Yoshida T, Zhao X, Nimer SD, Taniwaki M, Okuda T. Loss of RUNX1/AML1 arginine-methylation impairs peripheral T cell homeostasis. Br J Haematol 2015; 170:859-73. [PMID: 26010396 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RUNX1 (previously termed AML1) is a frequent target of human leukaemia-associated gene aberrations, and it encodes the DNA-binding subunit of the Core-Binding Factor transcription factor complex. RUNX1 expression is essential for the initiation of definitive haematopoiesis, for steady-state thrombopoiesis, and for normal lymphocytes development. Recent studies revealed that protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), which accounts for the majority of the type I PRMT activity in cells, methylates two arginine residues in RUNX1 (R206 and R210), and these modifications inhibit corepressor-binding to RUNX1 thereby enhancing its transcriptional activity. In order to elucidate the biological significance of these methylations, we established novel knock-in mouse lines with non-methylable, double arginine-to-lysine (RTAMR-to-KTAMK) mutations in RUNX1. Homozygous Runx1(KTAMK) (/) (KTAMK) mice are born alive and appear normal during adulthood. However, Runx1(KTAMK) (/) (KTAMK) mice showed a reduction in CD3(+) T lymphoid cells and a decrease in CD4(+) T cells in peripheral lymphoid organs, in comparison to their wild-type littermates, leading to a reduction in the CD4(+) to CD8(+) T-cell ratio. These findings suggest that arginine-methylation of RUNX1 in the RTAMR-motif is dispensable for the development of definitive haematopoiesis and for steady-state platelet production, however this modification affects the role of RUNX1 in the maintenance of the peripheral CD4(+) T-cell population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Mizutani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Masafumi Taniwaki
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Okuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wysokinski D, Pawlowska E, Blasiak J. RUNX2: A Master Bone Growth Regulator That May Be Involved in the DNA Damage Response. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:305-15. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
RUNX1 represses the erythroid gene expression program during megakaryocytic differentiation. Blood 2015; 125:3570-9. [PMID: 25911237 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-11-610519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of antagonizing transcription factors represents a mechanistic paradigm of bidirectional lineage-fate control during hematopoiesis. At the megakaryocytic/erythroid bifurcation, the cross-antagonism of krueppel-like factor 1 (KLF1) and friend leukemia integration 1 (FLI1) has such a decisive role. However, how this antagonism is resolved during lineage specification is poorly understood. We found that runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) inhibits erythroid differentiation of murine megakaryocytic/erythroid progenitors and primary human CD34(+) progenitor cells. We show that RUNX1 represses the erythroid gene expression program during megakaryocytic differentiation by epigenetic repression of the erythroid master regulator KLF1. RUNX1 binding to the KLF1 locus is increased during megakaryocytic differentiation and counterbalances the activating role of T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 1 (TAL1). We found that corepressor recruitment by RUNX1 contributes to a block of the KLF1-dependent erythroid gene expression program. Our data indicate that the repressive function of RUNX1 influences the balance between erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation by shifting the balance between KLF1 and FLI1 in the direction of FLI1. Taken together, we show that RUNX1 is a key player within a network of transcription factors that represses the erythroid gene expression program.
Collapse
|
12
|
Posttranslational modifications of RUNX1 as potential anticancer targets. Oncogene 2014; 34:3483-92. [PMID: 25263451 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor RUNX1 is a master regulator of hematopoiesis. Disruption of RUNX1 activity has been implicated in the development of hematopoietic neoplasms. Recent studies also highlight the importance of RUNX1 in solid tumors both as a tumor promoter and a suppressor. Given its central role in cancer development, RUNX1 is an excellent candidate for targeted therapy. A potential strategy to target RUNX1 is through modulation of its posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Numerous studies have shown that RUNX1 activity is regulated by PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation and ubiquitination. These PTMs regulate RUNX1 activity either positively or negatively by altering RUNX1-mediated transcription, promoting protein degradation and affecting protein interactions. In this review, we first summarize the available data on the context- and dosage-dependent roles of RUNX1 in various types of neoplasms. We then provide a comprehensive overview of RUNX1 PTMs from biochemical and biologic perspectives. Finally, we discuss how aberrant PTMs of RUNX1 might contribute to tumorigenesis and also strategies to develop anticancer therapies targeting RUNX1 PTMs.
Collapse
|
13
|
ISLAM RABIA, YOON WONJOON, WOO KYUNGMI, BAEK JEONGHWA, RYOO HYUNMO. Pin1-Mediated Prolyl Isomerization of Runx1 Affects PU.1 Expression in Pre-Monocytes. J Cell Physiol 2013; 229:443-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- RABIA ISLAM
- Department of Molecular Genetics; School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - WON-JOON YOON
- Department of Molecular Genetics; School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - KYUNG-MI WOO
- Department of Molecular Genetics; School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - JEONG-HWA BAEK
- Department of Molecular Genetics; School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - HYUN-MO RYOO
- Department of Molecular Genetics; School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vu LP, Perna F, Wang L, Voza F, Figueroa ME, Tempst P, Erdjument-Bromage H, Gao R, Chen S, Paietta E, Deblasio T, Melnick A, Liu Y, Zhao X, Nimer SD. PRMT4 blocks myeloid differentiation by assembling a methyl-RUNX1-dependent repressor complex. Cell Rep 2013; 5:1625-38. [PMID: 24332853 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining the role of epigenetic regulators in hematopoiesis has become critically important, because recurrent mutations or aberrant expression of these genes has been identified in both myeloid and lymphoid hematological malignancies. We found that PRMT4, a type I arginine methyltransferase whose function in normal and malignant hematopoiesis is unknown, is overexpressed in acute myelogenous leukemia patient samples. Overexpression of PRMT4 blocks the myeloid differentiation of human stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), whereas its knockdown is sufficient to induce myeloid differentiation of HSPCs. We demonstrated that PRMT4 represses the expression of miR-223 in HSPCs via the methylation of RUNX1, which triggers the assembly of a multiprotein repressor complex that includes DPF2. As part of the feedback loop, PRMT4 expression is repressed posttranscriptionally by miR-223. Depletion of PRMT4 results in differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and their decreased proliferation in vivo. Thus, targeting PRMT4 holds potential as a novel therapy for acute myelogenous leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ly P Vu
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Gerstner Sloan-Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fabiana Perna
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lan Wang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Francesca Voza
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maria E Figueroa
- Department of Pathology, the University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Paul Tempst
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rui Gao
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sisi Chen
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Elisabeth Paietta
- Cancer Center, Montefiore Medical Center-North Division, Bronx, NY 10466, USA
| | - Tony Deblasio
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Gerstner Sloan-Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rossetti S, Sacchi N. RUNX1: A microRNA hub in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:1566-88. [PMID: 23344057 PMCID: PMC3565335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic development is orchestrated by gene regulatory networks that progressively induce lineage-specific transcriptional programs. To guarantee the appropriate level of complexity, flexibility, and robustness, these networks rely on transcriptional and post-transcriptional circuits involving both transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). The focus of this review is on RUNX1 (AML1), a master hematopoietic transcription factor which is at the center of miRNA circuits necessary for both embryonic and post-natal hematopoiesis. Interference with components of these circuits can perturb RUNX1-controlled coding and non-coding transcriptional programs in leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rossetti
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Nicoletta Sacchi
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chuang LSH, Ito K, Ito Y. RUNX family: Regulation and diversification of roles through interacting proteins. Int J Cancer 2012. [PMID: 23180629 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) belong to an ancient family of metazoan genes involved in developmental processes. Through multiple protein-interacting partners, RUNX proteins have been implicated in diverse signaling pathways and cellular processes. The frequent inactivation of RUNX genes in cancer indicates crucial roles for RUNX in tumor suppression. This review discusses the abilities of RUNX proteins, in particular RUNX3, to integrate oncogenic signals or environmental cues and to initiate appropriate tumor suppressive responses.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The Runx1 transcription factor is post-translationally modified by seryl/threonyl phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation that control its interactions with transcription factor partners and epigenetic coregulators. In this issue of Genes & Development, Huang and colleagues (pp. 1587-1601) describe how the regulation of Runx1 tyrosyl phosphorylation by Src family kinases and the Shp2 phosphatase toggle Runx1's interactions between different coregulatory molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Neel
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hatlen MA, Wang L, Nimer SD. AML1-ETO driven acute leukemia: insights into pathogenesis and potential therapeutic approaches. Front Med 2012; 6:248-62. [PMID: 22875638 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-012-0206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The AML1-ETO fusion transcription factor is generated by the t(8;21) translocation, which is present in approximately 4%-12% of adult and 12%-30% of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Both human and mouse models of AML have demonstrated that AML1-ETO is insufficient for leukemogenesis in the absence of secondary events. In this review, we discuss the pathogenetic insights that have been gained from identifying the various events that can cooperate with AML1-ETO to induce AML in vivo. We also discuss potential therapeutic strategies for t(8;21) positive AML that involve targeting the fusion protein itself, the proteins that bind to it, or the genes that it regulates. Recently published studies suggest that a targeted therapy for t(8;21) positive AML is feasible and may be coming sometime soon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Hatlen
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zou L, Zhang H, Du C, Liu X, Zhu S, Zhang W, Li Z, Gao C, Zhao X, Mei M, Bao S, Zheng H. Correlation of SRSF1 and PRMT1 expression with clinical status of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2012; 5:42. [PMID: 22839530 PMCID: PMC3459738 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-5-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequently-occurring malignant neoplasm in children, but the pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear. In a microarray assay using samples from 100 children with ALL, SFRS1 was found to be up-regulated. Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1, also termed SF2/ASF), encoded by the SFRS1 gene, had been shown to be a pro-oncoprotein. Our previous study indicated that SRSF1 can be methylated by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) in vitro; however, the biological function of SRSF1 and PRMT1 in pediatric ALL are presently unknown. METHODS Matched, newly diagnosed (ND), complete remission (CR) and relapse (RE) bone marrow samples from 57 patients were collected in order to evaluate the expression patterns of SRSF1 and PRMT1. The potential oncogenic mechanism of SRSF1 and PRMT1 in leukemogenesis was also investigated. RESULTS We identified significant up-regulation of SRSF1 and PRMT1 in the ND samples. Importantly, the expression of SRSF1 and PRMT1 returned to normal levels after CR, but rebounded in the RE samples. Our observation that SRSF1 could predict disease relapse was of particular interest, although the expression patterns of SRSF1 and PRMT1 were independent of the cytogenetic subtypes. In pre-B-cell lines, both SRSF1 and PRMT1 expression could be efficiently attenuated by the clinical chemotherapy agents arabinoside cytosine (Ara-c) or vincristine (VCR). Moreover, SRSF1 and PRMT1 were associated with each other in leukemia cells in vivo. Knock-down of SRSF1 resulted in an increase in early apoptosis, which could be further induced by chemotherapeutics. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that SRSF1 serves as an anti-apoptotic factor and potentially contributes to leukemogenesis in pediatric ALL patients by cooperating with PRMT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zou
- Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing 100045, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The coordinated recruitment of epigenetic regulators of gene expression by transcription factors such as RUNX1 (AML1, acute myeloid leukemia 1) is crucial for hematopoietic differentiation. Here, we identify protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) as a central functional component of a RUNX1 corepressor complex containing Sin3a and HDAC1 in human hematopoietic progenitor cells. PRMT6 is recruited by RUNX1 and mediates asymmetric histone H3 arginine-2 dimethylation (H3R2me2a) at megakaryocytic genes in progenitor cells. H3R2me2a keeps RUNX1 target genes in an intermediate state with concomitant H3K27me3 and H3K4me2 but not H3K4me3. Upon megakaryocytic differentiation PRMT6 binding is lost, the H3R2me2a mark decreases and a coactivator complex containing WDR5/MLL and p300/pCAF is recruited. This leads to an increase of H3K4me3 and H3K9ac, which result in augmented gene expression. Our results provide novel mechanistic insight into how RUNX1 activity in hematopoietic progenitor cells maintains differentiation genes in a suppressed state but poised for rapid transcriptional activation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Montero-Ruíz O, Alcántara-Ortigoza MA, Betancourt M, Juárez-Velázquez R, González-Márquez H, Pérez-Vera P. Expression of RUNX1 isoforms and its target gene BLK in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2012; 36:1105-11. [PMID: 22748822 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow samples from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were analyzed for the expression of RUNX1a/b/c isoforms. Obtained patterns were associated with genetic abnormalities and the expression of the RUNX1 regulated gene BLK. RUNX1c was present in all patients, but the expected over-expression of RUNX1a was not observed. Over-expression of total RUNT domain isoforms was detected in patients with extra RUNX1 copies, and unexpectedly, in those with t(4;11). Only expression of the total RUNT domain-containing isoforms and BLK presented positive correlation. Results suggest a more complex role of RUNX1 in leukemogenesis than the proposed antagonism between the isoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oreth Montero-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México, DF, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Varshney B, Agnihotram S, Tan YJ, Baric R, Lal SK. SARS coronavirus 3b accessory protein modulates transcriptional activity of RUNX1b. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29542. [PMID: 22253733 PMCID: PMC3257236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome encodes several unique group specific accessory proteins with unknown functions. Among them, accessory protein 3b (also known as ORF4) was lately identified as one of the viral interferon antagonist. Recently our lab uncovered a new role for 3b in upregulation of AP-1 transcriptional activity and its downstream genes. Thus, we believe that 3b might play an important role in SARS-CoV pathogenesis and therefore is of considerable interest. The current study aims at identifying novel host cellular interactors of the 3b protein. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, using yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation techniques, we have identified a host transcription factor RUNX1b (Runt related transcription factor, isoform b) as a novel interacting partner for SARS-CoV 3b protein. Chromatin immunoprecipitaion (ChIP) and reporter gene assays in 3b expressing jurkat cells showed recruitment of 3b on the RUNX1 binding element that led to an increase in RUNX1b transactivation potential on the IL2 promoter. Kinase assay and pharmacological inhibitor treatment implied that 3b also affect RUNX1b transcriptional activity by regulating its ERK dependent phosphorylation levels. Additionally, mRNA levels of MIP-1α, a RUNX1b target gene upregulated in SARS-CoV infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells, were found to be elevated in 3b expressing U937 monocyte cells. Conclusions/Significance These results unveil a novel interaction of SARS-CoV 3b with the host factor, RUNX1b, and speculate its physiological relevance in upregulating cytokines and chemokine levels in state of SARS virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Varshney
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhakar Agnihotram
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yee-Joo Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ralph Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sunil K. Lal
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The ability of MLL to bind RUNX1 and methylate H3K4 at PU.1 regulatory regions is impaired by MDS/AML-associated RUNX1/AML1 mutations. Blood 2011; 118:6544-52. [PMID: 22012064 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-11-317909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) H3K4 methyltransferase protein, and the heterodimeric RUNX1/CBFβ transcription factor complex, are critical for definitive and adult hematopoiesis, and both are frequently targeted in human acute leukemia. We identified a physical and functional interaction between RUNX1 (AML1) and MLL and show that both are required to maintain the histone lysine 4 trimethyl mark (H3K4me3) at 2 critical regulatory regions of the AML1 target gene PU.1. Similar to CBFβ, we show that MLL binds to AML1 abrogating its proteasome-dependent degradation. Furthermore, a subset of previously uncharacterized frame-shift and missense mutations at the N terminus of AML1, found in MDS and AML patients, impairs its interaction with MLL, resulting in loss of the H3K4me3 mark within PU.1 regulatory regions, and decreased PU.1 expression. The interaction between MLL and AML1 provides a mechanism for the sequence-specific binding of MLL to DNA, and identifies RUNX1 target genes as potential effectors of MLL function.
Collapse
|
24
|
Galeano F, Tomaselli S, Locatelli F, Gallo A. A-to-I RNA editing: the "ADAR" side of human cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 23:244-50. [PMID: 21930228 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a complex, multi-stage process depending on both endogenous and exogenous factors. In the past years, DNA mutations provided important clues to the comprehension of the molecular pathways involved in numerous cancers. Recently, post-transcriptional modification events, such as RNA editing, are emerging as new players in several human diseases, including tumours. A-to-I RNA editing changes the nucleotide sequence of target RNAs, introducing A-to-I/G "mutations". Since ADAR enzymes catalyse this nucleotide conversion, their expression/activity is essential and finely regulated in normal cells. This review summarizes the available knowledge on A-to-I RNA editing in the cancer field, giving a new view on how ADARs may play a role in carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Galeano
- RNA Editing Laboratory, Oncohaematology Department, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang L, Gural A, Sun XJ, Zhao X, Perna F, Huang G, Hatlen MA, Vu L, Liu F, Xu H, Asai T, Xu H, Deblasio T, Menendez S, Voza F, Jiang Y, Cole PA, Zhang J, Melnick A, Roeder RG, Nimer SD. The leukemogenicity of AML1-ETO is dependent on site-specific lysine acetylation. Science 2011; 333:765-9. [PMID: 21764752 PMCID: PMC3251012 DOI: 10.1126/science.1201662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The chromosomal translocations found in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) generate oncogenic fusion transcription factors with aberrant transcriptional regulatory properties. Although therapeutic targeting of most leukemia fusion proteins remains elusive, the posttranslational modifications that control their function could be targetable. We found that AML1-ETO, the fusion protein generated by the t(8;21) translocation, is acetylated by the transcriptional coactivator p300 in leukemia cells isolated from t(8;21) AML patients, and that this acetylation is essential for its self-renewal-promoting effects in human cord blood CD34(+) cells and its leukemogenicity in mouse models. Inhibition of p300 abrogates the acetylation of AML1-ETO and impairs its ability to promote leukemic transformation. Thus, lysine acetyltransferases represent a potential therapeutic target in AML.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/chemistry
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- E1A-Associated p300 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- E1A-Associated p300 Protein/metabolism
- Fetal Blood/cytology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Lysine/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mutant Proteins/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/chemistry
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Preleukemia/metabolism
- Preleukemia/pathology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
- Transcriptional Activation
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander Gural
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiao-Jian Sun
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fabiana Perna
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Megan A. Hatlen
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ly Vu
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fan Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Haiming Xu
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Takashi Asai
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hao Xu
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tony Deblasio
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Silvia Menendez
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Francesca Voza
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yanwen Jiang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Philip A. Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3125 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert G. Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephen D. Nimer
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chetverina EV, Chetverin AB. Nanocolonies and diagnostics of oncological diseases associated with chromosomal translocations. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 75:1667-91. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910130109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
27
|
Lichtinger M, Hoogenkamp M, Krysinska H, Ingram R, Bonifer C. Chromatin regulation by RUNX1. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2010; 44:287-90. [PMID: 20194037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor RUNX1 is essential for definitive hematopoiesis and is required for the expression of a number of important hematopoietic regulator genes. It was recently shown that RUNX1 acts within a narrow developmental window during which it cannot be replaced by other members of the RUNX transcription factor family. Studies of the molecular basis of this phenomenon revealed that RUNX1 is required for the opening of chromatin of important hematopoietic regulator genes and for the formation, but not the maintenance of stable transcription factor complexes on these genes. However, the chromatin opening activity of RUNX1 is context dependent, indicating that it cooperates with alternate transcription factors at different stages of hematopoietic development. This review summarizes recent results on the regulation of chromatin structure by RUNX1 in developing hematopoietic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lichtinger
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS97TF, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|