1
|
Hernández-Ochoa B, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Martínez-Rosas V, Morales-Luna L, Rojas-Alarcón MA, Vázquez-Bautista M, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Pérez de la Cruz V, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Canseco-Ávila LM, Vidal-Limón A, Gómez-Manzo S. An Overall View of the Functional and Structural Characterization of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Variants in the Mexican Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12691. [PMID: 37628871 PMCID: PMC10454679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, affecting an estimated 500 million people worldwide, is a genetic disorder that causes human enzymopathies. Biochemical and genetic studies have identified several variants that produce different ranges of phenotypes; thus, depending on its severity, this enzymopathy is classified from the mildest (Class IV) to the most severe (Class I). Therefore, understanding the correlation between the mutation sites of G6PD and the resulting phenotype greatly enhances the current knowledge of enzymopathies' phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity, which will assist both clinical diagnoses and personalized treatments for patients with G6PD deficiency. In this review, we analyzed and compared the structural and functional data from 21 characterized G6PD variants found in the Mexican population that we previously characterized. In order to contribute to the knowledge regarding the function and structure of the variants associated with G6PD deficiency, this review aimed to determine the molecular basis of G6PD and identify how these mutations could impact the structure, stability, and function of the enzyme and its relation with the clinical manifestations of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Miriam Abigail Rojas-Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Vázquez-Bautista
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | | | - Luis Miguel Canseco-Ávila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula City 30580, Mexico;
| | - Abraham Vidal-Limón
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Mexico;
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun B, Li Q, Dong X, Hou J, Wang W, Ying W, Hui X, Zhou Q, Yao H, Sun J, Wang X. Severe G6PD deficiency leads to recurrent infections and defects in ROS production: Case report and literature review. Front Genet 2022; 13:1035673. [PMID: 36353116 PMCID: PMC9638399 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1035673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Severe glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency can lead to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity in phagocytes, resulting in immunodeficiency, with a limited number of reported cases. Here, we aimed to report a child with severe G6PD deficiency in China and investigate the mechanism of his recurrent infections. Methods: The clinical manifestations and immunological phenotypes of this patient were retrospectively collected. Gene mutation was detected by whole-exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Dihydrorhodamine (DHR) analysis was performed to measure the respiratory burst of neutrophils. Messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels were detected in the patient under lipopolysaccharide stimulation by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. A review of the literature was performed. Results: A male child with G6PD deficiency presented with recurrent respiratory infections, Epstein‒Barr virus infection and tonsillitis from 8 months of age. Gene testing revealed that the proband had one hemizygous mutation in the G6PD gene (c.496 C>T, p. R166C), inherited from his mother. This mutation might affect hydrophobic binding, and the G6PD enzyme activity of the patient was 0. The stimulation indexes of the neutrophils in the patient and mother were 22 and 37, respectively. Compared with healthy controls, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was observed in the patient. Activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling was found to be influenced, and the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was downregulated in the patient-derived cells. In neutrophils of his mother, 74.71% of the X chromosome carrying the mutated gene was inactivated. By performing a systematic literature review, an additional 15 patients with severe G6PD deficiency and recurrent infections were identified. Four other G6PD gene mutations have been reported, including c.1157T>A, c.180_182del, c.514C>T, and c.953_976del. Conclusion: Severe G6PD deficiency, not only class I but also class II, can contribute to a chronic granulomatous disease-like phenotype. Decreased reactive oxygen species synthesis led to decreased activation of the NF-κB pathway in G6PD-deficient patients. Children with severe G6PD deficiency should be aware of immunodeficiency disease, and the DHR assay is recommended to evaluate neutrophil function for early identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifan Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Dong
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Hou
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Ying
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Hui
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinhua Zhou
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haili Yao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinqiao Sun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jinqiao Sun, ; Xiaochuan Wang,
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jinqiao Sun, ; Xiaochuan Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Long X, He B, Fang Y, Tang C. Identification and Characterization of the Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene Family in the Para Rubber Tree, Hevea brasiliensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:215. [PMID: 26941770 PMCID: PMC4766392 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
As a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) provides nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and intermediary metabolites for rubber biosynthesis, and plays an important role in plant development and stress responses. In this study, four Hevea brasiliensis (Para rubber tree) G6PDH genes (HbG6PDH1 to 4) were identified and cloned using a genome-wide scanning approach. All four HbG6PDH genes encode functional G6PDH enzymes as shown by heterologous expression in E. coli. Phylogeny analysis and subcellular localization prediction show that HbG6PDH3 is a cytosolic isoform, while the other three genes (HbG6PDH1, 2 and 4) are plastidic isoforms. The subcellular locations of HbG6PDH3 and 4, two latex-abundant isoforms were further verified by transient expression in rice protoplasts. Enzyme activity assay and expression analysis showed HbG6PDH3 and 4 were implicated in PPP during latex regeneration, and to influence rubber production positively in rubber tree. The cytosolic HbG6PDH3 is a predominant isoform in latex, implying a principal role for this isoform in controlling carbon flow and NADPH production in the PPP during latex regeneration. The expression pattern of plastidic HbG6PDH4 correlates well with the degree of tapping panel dryness, a physiological disorder that stops the flow of latex from affected rubber trees. In addition, the four HbG6PDHs responded to temperature and drought stresses in root, bark, and leaves, implicating their roles in maintaining redox balance and defending against oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
4
|
Musalkova D, Minks J, Storkanova G, Dvorakova L, Hrebicek M. Identification of novel informative loci for DNA-based X-inactivation analysis. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2014; 54:210-6. [PMID: 25455112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The HUMARA assay, the most common method for evaluation of X-inactivation skewing in blood cells, has been reported to be usable in only about 80% of females, emphasizing the need for alternative methods for testing of HUMARA-uninformative individuals. We conducted an in silico search for potentially polymorphic tri-to-hexanucleotide repeats in the proximity of CpG islands located in 5' regions of X-chromosome genes to design five candidate assays (numbered I, II, III, IV, and V) combining methylation-specific restriction digest with PCR amplification in a manner similar to the HUMARA assay. The results obtained by these assays in 100 healthy females were compared to X-inactivation skewing measured by the AR-MSP method which is based on methylation-specific PCR amplification of the first exon of the AR gene. On the basis of statistical evidence, three of the novel assays (II, IV, and V), which were informative in 18%, 61%, and 55% of females in the cohort, respectively, may be used as alternatives or conjointly with the HUMARA assay to improve its reliability. The three new assays were combined with the HUMARA assay into a novel X-inactivation test leading to the increase of informative females in the cohort from 67% to 96%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dita Musalkova
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Minks
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Storkanova
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Dvorakova
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrebicek
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ho HY, Cheng ML, Chiu DTY. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase--beyond the realm of red cell biology. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1028-48. [PMID: 24720642 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.913788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is critical to the maintenance of NADPH pool and redox homeostasis. Conventionally, G6PD deficiency has been associated with hemolytic disorders. Most biochemical variants were identified and characterized at molecular level. Recently, a number of studies have shone light on the roles of G6PD in aspects of physiology other than erythrocytic pathophysiology. G6PD deficiency alters the redox homeostasis, and affects dysfunctional cell growth and signaling, anomalous embryonic development, and altered susceptibility to infection. The present article gives a brief review of basic science and clinical findings about G6PD, and covers the latest development in the field. Moreover, how G6PD status alters the susceptibility of the affected individuals to certain degenerative diseases is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Ho
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Kwei-san, Tao-yuan , Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) mutations database: review of the "old" and update of the new mutations. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2012; 48:154-65. [PMID: 22293322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper we have updated the G6PD mutations database, including all the last discovered G6PD genetic variants. We underline that the last database has been published by Vulliamy et al. [1] who analytically reported 140 G6PD mutations: along with Vulliamy's database, there are two main sites, such as http://202.120.189.88/mutdb/ and www.LOVD.nl/MR, where almost all G6PD mutations can be found. Compared to the previous mutation reports, in our paper we have included for each mutation some additional information, such as: the secondary structure and the enzyme 3D position involving by mutation, the creation or abolition of a restriction site (with the enzyme involved) and the conservation score associated with each amino acid position. The mutations reported in the present tab have been divided according to the gene's region involved (coding and non-coding) and mutations affecting the coding region in: single, multiple (at least with two bases involved) and deletion. We underline that for the listed mutations, reported in italic, literature doesn't provide all the biochemical or bio-molecular information or the research data. Finally, for the "old" mutations, we tried to verify features previously reported and, when subsequently modified, we updated the specific information using the latest literature data.
Collapse
|