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Nashimoto M. TRUE Gene Silencing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5387. [PMID: 35628198 PMCID: PMC9141469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
TRUE gene silencing is an RNA-mediated gene expression control technology and is termed after tRNase ZL-utilizing efficacious gene silencing. In this review, I overview the potentiality of small guide RNA (sgRNA) for TRUE gene silencing as novel therapeutics. First, I describe the physiology of tRNase ZL and cellular small RNA, and then sgRNA and TRUE gene silencing. An endoribonuclease, tRNase ZL, which can efficiently remove a 3' trailer from pre-tRNA, is thought to play the role in tRNA maturation in the nucleus and mitochondria. There exist various small RNAs including miRNA and fragments from tRNA and rRNA, which can function as sgRNA, in living cells, and human cells appear to be harnessing cytosolic tRNase ZL for gene regulation together with these small RNAs. By utilizing the property of tRNase ZL to recognize and cleave micro-pre-tRNA, a pre-tRNA-like or micro-pre-tRNA-like complex, as well as pre-tRNA, tRNase ZL can be made to cleave any target RNA at any desired site under the direction of an artificial sgRNA that binds a target RNA and forms the pre-tRNA-like or micro-pre-tRNA-like complex. This general RNA cleavage method underlies TRUE gene silencing. Various examples of the application of TRUE gene silencing are reviewed including the application to several human cancer cells in order to induce apoptosis. Lastly, I discuss the potentiality of sgRNA as novel therapeutics for multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nashimoto
- Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
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Nozaki T, Takahashi M, Ishikawa T, Haino A, Seki M, Kikuchi H, Yuan B, Nashimoto M. The heptamer sgRNA targeting the human OCT4 mRNA can upregulate the OCT4 expression. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100918. [PMID: 33553691 PMCID: PMC7859166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TRUE gene silencing is one of the gene suppression technologies. This technology exploits the enzymatic property of the tRNA 3' processing endoribonuclease tRNase ZL, which is that it can cleave a target RNA under the direction of a small guide RNA (sgRNA). We have been working on the development of therapeutic sgRNAs for hematological malignancies. In the course of an experiment to examine the ability of the heptamer-type sgRNA H15792 targeting the OCT4 mRNA to differentiate human amnion stem cells, we observed unexpectedly that the amnion cells exhibited a morphology resembling initialized cells. Here we investigated the effect of H15792 on human HL60 leukemia cells, and found that H15792 can upregulate the OCT4 expression and the expression of alkaline phosphatase in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadasuke Nozaki
- Department of Clinical Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takahashi
- Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima 265-1, Akihaku, Niigata, Niigata, 956-8603, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima 265-1, Akihaku, Niigata, Niigata, 956-8603, Japan
| | - Arisa Haino
- Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima 265-1, Akihaku, Niigata, Niigata, 956-8603, Japan
| | - Mineaki Seki
- Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima 265-1, Akihaku, Niigata, Niigata, 956-8603, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Kikuchi
- Department of Clinical Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Clinical Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nashimoto
- Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima 265-1, Akihaku, Niigata, Niigata, 956-8603, Japan
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