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Manjili ZN, Mahoonak AS, Ghorbani M, Tabarestani HS, Moghadam VE. Composite alginate-based hydrogel delivery of antioxidant pumpkin protein hydrolysate in simulated gastrointestinal condition. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100739. [PMID: 38708103 PMCID: PMC11067539 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pumpkin seeds are rich in protein (24-36.5%). Some of them are consumed as nuts, while others are regarded as waste and used for feeding animals. Protein hydrolysates from pumpkin seeds possess some bioactive properties, such as anti-oxidant activity. In this work, various composite alginate hydrogels contain Aloe vera, CMC, and tragacanth have been employed to protect PSPH against degradation in simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGI) and regulate its release rate. The encapsulation efficiency of PSPH in plain alginate and beads with Aloe vera, CMC, and tragacanth combinations was 71.63, 75.63, 85.07, and 80.4%, respectively. The release rate of the plain alginate beads was %30.23 in the SGF and %52.26 in the SIF, and decreased in the composite-based beads. The highest decreasing rate in the antioxidant activity during SGI was observed in free PSPH, and the decreasing rate slowed down in the alginate-based composites. The swelling rate in plain alginate was %-23.43 and %25.43 in the SGF and SIF, respectively, and increased in the composite-based beads. The FTIR spectra of hydrogels before and after loading with PSPH showed identical absorption patterns and were similar to each other. Based on the data for SEM, it was revealed that substituting other polymers in polymer combinations with alginates resulted in a porosity reduction of the beads and smoother and more uniform surfaces. Based on the results, the combination of polysacchared with alginate could protect and increase the applicability of PSPH as a functional component in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nooshi Manjili
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadeghi Mahoonak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hoda Shahiri Tabarestani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Vahid Erfani Moghadam
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Modern Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Lai J, Liu X, Su H, Zhu Y, Xin K, Huang M, Luo S, Tang H. Emodin inhibits bladder inflammation and fibrosis in mice with interstitial cystitis by regulating JMJD3. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e385123. [PMID: 38055393 DOI: 10.1590/acb385123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a devastating urological chronic pelvic pain condition. In search of a potential treatment, we investigated the effect of emodin on IC/BPS inflammation and fibrosis, and explore the potential mechanism. METHODS An experimental model of interstitial cystitis was induced by cyclophosphamide, and human bladder smooth muscle cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide to establish the cell model in vitro. In both models, inflammation- and fibrosis-related indexes were measured after emodin administration. Furthermore, the specific antagonists were used to dig for the mechanisms underlying the response to emodin treatment. RESULTS Emodin significantly ameliorated management of cystitis, reduced the amount of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, and interleukin-6) in models, as well as reducing the synthesis of fibrosis marker including collagen1, collagen3, vimentin, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin. Further mechanism studies demonstrated that emodin inhibited inflammatory reaction and fibrosis through blocking lysine-specific demethylase 6B (JMJD3) expression via JAK/STAT, NF-κB and TGF-β/SMAD pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the critical role of emodin-JMJD3 signaling in interstitial cystitis by regulating inflammation, fibrosis, and extracellular matrix deposition in cells and tissues, and these findings provide an avenue for effective treatment of patients with cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Lai
- Southwest Medical University - Affiliated TCM Hospital - Department of Urology - Luzhou (Sichuan) - China
| | - Xing Liu
- Southwest Medical University - Affiliated Hospital - Department of Urology - Luzhou (Sichuan) - China
| | - Hongwei Su
- Southwest Medical University - Affiliated TCM Hospital - Department of Urology - Luzhou (Sichuan) - China
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- Southwest Medical University - Affiliated TCM Hospital - Department of Urology - Luzhou (Sichuan) - China
| | - Ke Xin
- Southwest Medical University - Affiliated Hospital - Department of Urology - Luzhou (Sichuan) - China
| | - Mingwei Huang
- Southwest Medical University - Affiliated TCM Hospital - Department of Urology - Luzhou (Sichuan) - China
| | - Songtao Luo
- Southwest Medical University - Affiliated TCM Hospital - Department of Urology - Luzhou (Sichuan) - China
| | - Hai Tang
- Southwest Medical University - Affiliated TCM Hospital - Department of Urology - Luzhou (Sichuan) - China
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Lande PS, Adhao VS, Ambhore JP, Gaikwad KP, Chandak CS, Joge LP. Anticancer action of naturally occurring emodin for the controlling of cervical cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:690-698. [PMID: 37720346 PMCID: PMC10501891 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major causes of death on the globe is cancer. The fourth most frequent malignancy in women worldwide is cervical cancer. Several cancer patients are remaining incurable due to the emergence of medication resistance, despite notable advances in cancer research over the previous few decades. The importance of natural sources as possible therapeutic candidates may be significant. Anthraquinones are one of the many chemical families of natural products, and they stand out for their wide range of structural variations, notable biological activity, and low toxicity. A natural substance called emodin, an anthraquinone derivative, is present in the roots and rhizomes of several plants. This substance has demonstrated antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antiproliferative properties. It is also capable of preventing cancer spread and can reverse cancer cells' multidrug resistance. Emodin, a broad-spectrum inhibitor of cancer cells, have anticancer properties in many different types of biological pathways. These molecular mechanisms in cancer cells include the suppression of cell growth and proliferation, deterioration of the cell cycle arrest, the start of apoptosis, antimetastasis, and antiangiogenic impact. Therefore, the aim of the present review summarised the antiproliferative and anticarcinogenic qualities of cervical cancer of emodin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S. Lande
- Department of Quality Assurance, Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur, Dist-Buldhana 443101, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaibhav S. Adhao
- Department of Quality Assurance, Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur, Dist-Buldhana 443101, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jaya P. Ambhore
- Department of Quality Assurance, Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur, Dist-Buldhana 443101, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kiran P. Gaikwad
- Department of Quality Assurance, Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur, Dist-Buldhana 443101, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chanchal S. Chandak
- Department of Quality Assurance, Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur, Dist-Buldhana 443101, Maharashtra, India
| | - Leena P. Joge
- Department of Quality Assurance, Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur, Dist-Buldhana 443101, Maharashtra, India
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Nesterenko LE, Popov RS, Zhuravleva OI, Kirichuk NN, Chausova VE, Krasnov KS, Pivkin MV, Yurchenko EA, Isaeva MP, Yurchenko AN. A Study of the Metabolic Profiles of Penicillium dimorphosporum KMM 4689 Which Led to Its Re-Identification as Penicillium hispanicum. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Changes in cultivation conditions, in particular salinity and temperature, affect the production of secondary fungal metabolites. In this work, the extracts of fungus previously described as Penicillium dimorphosporum cultivated in various salinity and temperature conditions were investigated using HPLC UV/MS techniques, and their DPPH radical scavenging and cytotoxicity activities against human prostate cancer PC-3 cells and rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 were tested. In total, 25 compounds, including 13 desoxyisoaustamide-related alkaloids and eight anthraquinones, were identified in the studied extracts and their relative amounts were estimated. The production of known neuroprotective alkaloids 5, 6 and other brevianamide alkaloids was increased in hypersaline and high-temperature conditions, and this may be an adaptation to extreme conditions. On the other hand, hyposalinity stress may induce the synthesis of unidentified antioxidants with low cytotoxicity that could be very interesting for future investigation. The study of secondary metabolites of the strain KMM 4689 showed that although brevianamide-related alkaloids and anthraquinone pigments are widely distributed in various fungi, these metabolites have not been described for P. dimorphosporum and related species. For this reason, the strain KMM 4689 was re-sequenced using the β-tubulin gene and ITS regions as molecular markers and further identified as P. hispanicum.
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Wang L, Han X, Li H, Lv C, Wang M. The ethyl acetate extract of Wenxia Changfu Formula inhibits the carcinogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma by regulating PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4715. [PMID: 36949111 PMCID: PMC10033682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer. With a rise in new cases worldwide each year, early diagnosis and treatment are very important. Network pharmacology provides the effective way to evaluate poly-pharmacological effects and anticancer molecular mechanisms of drugs. The aim of the present study was to explore the anti-tumor mechanism of ethyl acetate extract of Wenxia Changfu Formula (WFEA) in lung adenocarcinoma by using analytical chemistry, network pharmacology and molecular biology. A total of 193 compounds were identified from WFEA, mainly including esters, phenols, ketones and alkaloids. Totally, 374 targets were regarded as potential targets of WFEA against lung adenocarcinoma. Interestingly, PI3K-AKT was found to be one of the significantly enriched signaling pathways of targets of WFEA against lung adenocarcinoma. AKT1, MMP3, CASP3 and BCL2 had strong binding effect with compound molecules of WFEA. Some combinations with the best docking binding were identified, including quercetin/oleanolic_acid/emodin/aloe_emodin/catechin-AKT1 and quercetin-MMP3. In lung adenocarcinoma cells, the WFEA inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted the apoptosis. Moreover, the WFEA inhibited the mRNA expression of MMP3 and Bcl-2 and promoted the mRNA expression of Caspase3. In addition, WFEA inhibited the protein phosphorylation of AKT and PI3K. The WFEA had a significant inhibitory effect on lung adenocarcinoma cells, which could inhibit cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and induce cell apoptosis. The mechanism of action of WFEA may be involved in the regulation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in the lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272113, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Han
- Emergency Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272113, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chuanfeng Lv
- Pharmacy Department, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272113, Shandong Province, China.
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Kim JY, Jung CW, Lee WS, Jeong HJ, Park MJ, Jang WI, Kim EH. Emodin coupled with high LET neutron beam-a novel approach to treat on glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:817-827. [PMID: 36253116 PMCID: PMC9726713 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The primary motivation of this investigative study is trying to find an alternative treatment that can be used to slow down or treat glioblastoma due to the witnessed toxic side effects of the current drugs coupled with limited effectiveness in overall treatment. Consequently, a Chinese plant extract emodin proves to play a critical role in this investigative study since results from the Western blot and the other accompanying assays for anti-cancer effects indicate that it cannot work a lot to suppress cell migration and possible invasion, but rather emodin can be combined with radiation to give desired outcomes. Our result shows that the kind of radiation which acts well with emodin is neutron radiation rather than gamma radiation. Emodin significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of LN18 and LN428 cells to γ-rays through MTT assay and cell counting. Accordingly, exposure to neutron radiation in the presence of emodin induced apoptotic cell death and autophagic cell death to a significantly higher extent, and suppressed cell migration and invasiveness more robustly. These effects are presumably due to the ability of emodin to amplify the effective dose from neutron radiation more efficiently. Thus, the study below is one such trial towards new interventional discovery and development in relation to glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hyeon-Jeong Jeong
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Il Jang
- Corresponding author. Eun Ho Kim, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, 33 17gil, Duryugongwon-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, Korea. Tel: 82536504480; E-mail address: . Won Il Jang, Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea. Tel: 8229704480; E-mail address:
| | - Eun Ho Kim
- Corresponding author. Eun Ho Kim, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, 33 17gil, Duryugongwon-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, Korea. Tel: 82536504480; E-mail address: . Won Il Jang, Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea. Tel: 8229704480; E-mail address:
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Seo JH, Yoon G, Park S, Shim JH, Chae JI, Jeon YJ. Deoxypodophyllotoxin Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis by Modulating the PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK-Dependent Signaling in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1103-1109. [PMID: 36039387 PMCID: PMC9628964 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2207.07012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT), a naturally occurring flavonolignan, possesses several pharmacological properties, including anticancer property. However, the mechanisms underlying DPT mode of action in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of DPT on OSCC and the underlying mechanisms. Results of the MTT assay revealed that DPT significantly reduced the cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that DPT induces apoptosis in OSCC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, DPT enhanced the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in OSCC cells. Mechanistically, DPT induced apoptosis in OSCC cells by suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway while activating the p38 MAPK signaling to regulate the expression of apoptotic proteins. Treatment with SC79, an AKT activator, reversed the effects of DPT on AKT signaling in OSCC cells. Taken together, these results provide the basis for the use of DPT in combination with conventional chemotherapy for the treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Seo
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seryoung Park
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan‐Gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea,
J.I. Chae Phone:+82-63-270-4024 Fax:+82-63-270-4037 E-mail:
| | - Young-Joo Jeon
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors Y.J. Jeon Phone:+82-42-860-4386 Fax:+82-42-860-8596 E-mail:
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Hsu CM, Yen CH, Wang SC, Liu YC, Huang CT, Wang MH, Chuang TM, Ke YL, Yeh TJ, Gau YC, Du JS, Wang HC, Cho SF, Tsai Y, Hsiao CE, Hsiao SY, Hsiao HH. Emodin Ameliorates the Efficacy of Carfilzomib in Multiple Myeloma Cells via Apoptosis and Autophagy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071638. [PMID: 35884943 PMCID: PMC9312579 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carfilzomib, the proteasome inhibitor, can increase the overall survival rate of multiple myeloma (MM) patients undergoing targeted therapy. However, relapse and toxicity present great challenges for such treatment, so an urgent need for effective combination therapy is necessary. Emodin is a natural chemical compound that inhibits the proliferation of various cancers and can effectively combine with other treatments. In this study, we evaluated the sensitizing effect of emodin combined with carfilzomib on MM cells. Methods: The cells were treated with emodin, carfilzomib, and a combination of drugs to determine their effects on cell proliferation and viability. The cell cycle distribution and reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression were measured by flow cytometry. The level of RNA and protein were analyzed through real-time qPCR and immunoblotting. Results: Emodin acted synergistically with carfilzomib to reduce the proliferation and viability of MM cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, the combination of emodin and carfilzomib increased ROS production, inducing apoptosis and autophagy pathways via caspase-3, PARP, p62, and LC3B. Conclusions: These results provide a molecular target for combination therapy in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Mu Hsu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tzu Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Min-Hong Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Tzer-Ming Chuang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Ya-Lun Ke
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Tsung-Jang Yeh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Yuh-Ching Gau
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shiun Du
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Cho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yuhsin Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-En Hsiao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
| | - Samuel Yien Hsiao
- Department of Biology, University of Rutgers-Camden, Camden, NJ 08102, USA;
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-T.H.); (M.-H.W.); (T.-M.C.); (Y.-L.K.); (T.-J.Y.); (Y.-C.G.); (J.-S.D.); (H.-C.W.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-E.H.)
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7312-1101 (ext. 6110)
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Computational Study of Furosemide-Piperazine (FS – PZ) and 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (FS-TP) Co-Crystals. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Molecular encapsulation of emodin with various β-cyclodextrin derivatives: A computational study. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Semwal RB, Semwal DK, Combrinck S, Viljoen A. Emodin - A natural anthraquinone derivative with diverse pharmacological activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 190:112854. [PMID: 34311280 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-anthraquinone) is a natural anthraquinone derivative that is present in numerous globally renowned herbal medicines. It is recognised as a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor and as an anticancer drug, active against various tumour cells, including lung, breast, liver, and ovarian cancer cells. Recently, its role in combination chemotherapy with various allopathic medicines, to minimize their toxicity and to enhance their efficacy, has been studied. The use of emodin in these therapies is gaining popularity, due to fewer associated side effects compared with standard anticancer drugs. Emodin has a broad therapeutic window, and in addition to its antineoplastic activity, it displays anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, muscle relaxant, immunosuppressive and antifibrotic activities, in both in vitro and in vivo models. Although reviews on the anticancer activity of emodin have been published, none coherently unite all the pharmacological properties of emodin, particularly the anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunosuppressive and hepatoprotective activities of the compound. Hence, in this review, all of the available data regarding the pharmacological properties of emodin are explored, with particular emphasis on the modes of action of the molecule. In addition, the manuscript details the occurrence, biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of the compound, as well as its toxic effects on biotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Badoni Semwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Pt. Lalit Mohan Sharma Govt. Post Graduate College, Rishikesh, 249201, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Semwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Sandra Combrinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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12
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Manirakiza A, Irakoze L, Manirakiza S. Aloe and its Effects on Cancer: A Narrative Literature Review. East Afr Health Res J 2021; 5:1-16. [PMID: 34308239 PMCID: PMC8291210 DOI: 10.24248/eahrj.v5i1.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many years ago, Aloe Vera was cited to have a lot of therapeutic properties including; anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin protection, wound healing, and regulation of blood glucose and cholesterol. However, Aloe could present some side effects. This review focused on the latest discoveries regarding the therapeutic role of Aloe plant or its compounds on the acquired biological capabilities for tumour growth and progression namely; evading growth suppressor, avoiding immune destruction, enabling replicative immortality, tumour promoting inflammation, activating invasion and metastasis, inducing angiogenesis, genome instability and mutation, resisting cell death, deregulating cellular energetics and sustaining proliferating signalling. It clarified the anti-cancer activities it exerts on different types of cancer and also highlighted some pro-oncogenic pathways that can be disrupted by different compounds of Aloe.
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Svitina H, Hamman JH, Gouws C. Molecular mechanisms and associated cell signalling pathways underlying the anticancer properties of phytochemical compounds from Aloe species (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:852. [PMID: 34178125 PMCID: PMC8220653 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring components from various species of Aloe have been used as traditional folk medicine since the ancient times. Over the last few decades, the therapeutic effects of extracts and phytochemical compounds obtained from Aloe vera have been proven in preclinical and clinical studies. Recently, compounds from other Aloe species apart from Aloe vera have been investigated for the treatment of different diseases, with a particular focus on cancer. In the present review, the effects of phytochemical compounds obtained from different Aloe species are discussed, with a specific focus on the effects on cell signalling in cancer and normal cells, and their selectivity and efficacy. This information will be useful for the application of Aloe-derived compounds as therapeutic agents, either alone or in combination with other standard drugs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Svitina
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West 2520, South Africa.,Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
| | - Josias H Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West 2520, South Africa
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West 2520, South Africa
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Is Emodin with Anticancer Effects Completely Innocent? Two Sides of the Coin. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112733. [PMID: 34073059 PMCID: PMC8198870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many anticancer active compounds are known to have the capacity to destroy pathologically proliferating cancer cells in the body, as well as to destroy rapidly proliferating normal cells. Despite remarkable advances in cancer research over the past few decades, the inclusion of natural compounds in researches as potential drug candidates is becoming increasingly important. However, the perception that the natural is reliable is an issue that needs to be clarified. Among the various chemical classes of natural products, anthraquinones have many biological activities and have also been proven to exhibit a unique anticancer activity. Emodin, an anthraquinone derivative, is a natural compound found in the roots and rhizomes of many plants. The anticancer property of emodin, a broad-spectrum inhibitory agent of cancer cells, has been detailed in many biological pathways. In cancer cells, these molecular mechanisms consist of suppressing cell growth and proliferation through the attenuation of oncogenic growth signaling, such as protein kinase B (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), HER-2 tyrosine kinase, Wnt/-catenin, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). However, it is known that emodin, which shows toxicity to cancer cells, may cause kidney toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity especially at high doses and long-term use. At the same time, studies of emodin, which has poor oral bioavailability, to transform this disadvantage into an advantage with nano-carrier systems reveal that natural compounds are not always directly usable compounds. Consequently, this review aimed to shed light on the anti-proliferative and anti-carcinogenic properties of emodin, as well as its potential toxicities and the advantages of drug delivery systems on bioavailability.
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Wen T, Song L, Hua S. Perspectives and controversies regarding the use of natural products for the treatment of lung cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2396-2422. [PMID: 33650320 PMCID: PMC7982634 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality both in men and women and accounts for 18.4% of all cancer‐related deaths. Although advanced therapy methods have been developed, the prognosis of lung cancer patients remains extremely poor. Over the past few decades, clinicians and researchers have found that chemical compounds extracted from natural products may be useful for treating lung cancer. Drug formulations derived from natural compounds, such as paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and camptothecin, have been successfully used as chemotherapeutics for lung cancer. In recent years, hundreds of new natural compounds that can be used to treat lung cancer have been found through basic and sub‐clinical research. However, there has not been a corresponding increase in the number of drugs that have been used in a clinical setting. The probable reasons may include low solubility, limited absorption, unfavorable metabolism, and severe side effects. In this review, we present a summary of the natural compounds that have been proven to be effective for the treatment of lung cancer, as well as an understanding of the mechanisms underlying their pharmacological effects. We have also highlighted current controversies and have attempted to provide solutions for the clinical translation of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Shucheng Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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16
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Uncovering the Anti-Lung-Cancer Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY2004 by Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6644018. [PMID: 33628308 PMCID: PMC7886515 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6644018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With growing evidence on the therapeutic efficacy and safety of herbal drugs, there has been a substantial increase in their application in the lung cancer treatment. Meanwhile, their action mechanisms at the system level have not been comprehensively uncovered. To this end, we employed a network pharmacology methodology to elucidate the systematic action mechanisms of FDY2004, an anticancer herbal drug composed of Moutan Radicis Cortex, Persicae Semen, and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, in lung cancer treatment. By evaluating the pharmacokinetic properties of the chemical compounds present in FDY2004 using herbal medicine-associated databases, we identified its 29 active chemical components interacting with 141 lung cancer-associated therapeutic targets in humans. The functional enrichment analysis of the lung cancer-related targets of FDY2004 revealed the enriched Gene Ontology terms, involving the regulation of cell proliferation and growth, cell survival and death, and oxidative stress responses. Moreover, we identified key FDY2004-targeted oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways associated with lung cancer, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor, Ras, focal adhesion, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathways. Overall, our study provides novel evidence and basis for research on the comprehensive anticancer mechanisms of herbal medicines in lung cancer treatment.
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Pang X, Shao L, Nie X, Yan H, Li C, Yeo AJ, Lavin MF, Xia Q, Shao H, Yu G, Jia Q, Peng C. Emodin attenuates silica-induced lung injury by inhibition of inflammation, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107277. [PMID: 33352442 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is a fatal pulmonary disease caused by the inhalation of silica dust, and characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the lung, with no effective treatment to date. Here we investigate the effect of emodin, an anthraquinone derivative isolated from rhubarb using a mouse silicosis model and in vitro cultured human macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. Results from histological examination indicated that emodin reduced the degree of alveolitis and fibrosis in the lungs of mice exposed to silica particles. We also demonstrated that emodin effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad3 and NF-κB and reduced the levels of inflammatory factors in the lung tissue of mice treated with silica particles. In addition, we found that emodin inhibited apoptosis and demonstrated an anti-fibrotic effect by down-regulating the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and up-regulating the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Furthermore, emodin increased E-cadherin levels, reduced the expression of Vimentin, α-SMA and Col-I, as well as pro-inflammatory factors TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-1β in vivo and in vitro. These results suggested that emodin can regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and the NF-κB signaling pathway to prevent alveolar inflammation and apoptotic process. Overall, this study showed that emodin can alleviate pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis through regulating the inflammatory response and fibrotic process at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Pang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Shao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Nie
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyue Yan
- Shandong Institute of Scientific and Technical Information
| | - Chao Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Abrey J Yeo
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin F Lavin
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Qing Xia
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hua Shao
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Gongchang Yu
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
| | - Qiang Jia
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China; The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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18
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Verebová V, Beneš J, Staničová J. Biophysical Characterization and Anticancer Activities of Photosensitive Phytoanthraquinones Represented by Hypericin and Its Model Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:E5666. [PMID: 33271809 PMCID: PMC7731333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosensitive compounds found in herbs have been reported in recent years as having a variety of interesting medicinal and biological activities. In this review, we focus on photosensitizers such as hypericin and its model compounds emodin, quinizarin, and danthron, which have antiviral, antifungal, antineoplastic, and antitumor effects. They can be utilized as potential agents in photodynamic therapy, especially in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. We aimed to give a comprehensive summary of the physical and chemical properties of these interesting molecules, emphasizing their mechanism of action in relation to their different interactions with biomacromolecules, specifically with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Verebová
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine & Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Jiří Beneš
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jana Staničová
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine & Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Lu W, Yu CR, Lien H, Sheu G, Cherng S. Cytotoxicity of naringenin induces Bax-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:1386-1394. [PMID: 32667124 PMCID: PMC7689782 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Naringenin (NGEN), a natural flavonoid has growth inhibition and apoptosis-inducing activities in several cancer cells. However, the cytotoxicity mechanisms of NGEN in cell death of lung cancer cells have not been fully defined. In present study, treatment of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells with NGEN resulted in time- and dose-dependent decreases in cell viability. Moreover, NGEN significantly induced apoptosis evidenced by morphological changes, DAPI staining, TUNEL assay and sub-G1 population increase. In NGEN-treated cells, intensely upregulated Bax and down-regulated Bcl-2 proteins were detected and the Bax protein associated with the mitochondrial membrane was analyzed by subcellular fractionation. Knockdown of the Bax expression by the shRNA method dramatically protected A549 cells against NGEN-induced apoptosis. Treatment with the inhibitors of caspase-3, -8, or -9 significantly reduced NGEN-induced apoptotic deaths. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NGEN-induced apoptosis may occur via a Bax-activated mitochondrial pathway in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win‐Long Lu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | | | - Hsiu‐Man Lien
- Department of BiotechnologyHung Kuang UniversityTaichung cityTaiwan
| | - Gwo‐Tarng Sheu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Chest MedicineChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
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Al-Tamimi M, Al-Massarani SM, El-Gamal AA, Basudan OA, Abdel-Kader MS, Abdel-Mageed WM. Vacillantins A and B, New Anthrone C-glycosides, and a New Dihydroisocoumarin Glucoside from Aloe vacillans and Its Antioxidant Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9121632. [PMID: 33255291 PMCID: PMC7761211 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new dihydroisocoumarin glucoside, vacillanoside (3), and two new anthrone C-glycosides microdantin derivatives; vacillantin A (10) and B (11), together with nine known compounds belonging to the anthraquinone, anthrone and isocoumarin groups were isolated from the leaves of Aloe vacillans. The structures were determined based on spectroscopic evidence including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) data, along with comparisons to reported data. The leaves were used to extract compounds with different solvents. The extracts were tested for antioxidant activity with a variety of in vitro tests including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS•+), ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), superoxide, and nitric oxide radical scavenging assays. The dichloromethane fraction was most active, displaying significant free radical scavenging activity. The n-butanol fraction also showed notable activity in all assays. Therefore, these findings support the potential use of A. vacillans leaves as an antioxidant medication due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Al-Tamimi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.-T.); (S.M.A.-M.); (O.A.B.); (W.M.A.-M.)
| | - Shaza M. Al-Massarani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.-T.); (S.M.A.-M.); (O.A.B.); (W.M.A.-M.)
| | - Ali A. El-Gamal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.-T.); (S.M.A.-M.); (O.A.B.); (W.M.A.-M.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Omer A. Basudan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.-T.); (S.M.A.-M.); (O.A.B.); (W.M.A.-M.)
| | - Maged S. Abdel-Kader
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21215, Egypt
| | - Wael M. Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.-T.); (S.M.A.-M.); (O.A.B.); (W.M.A.-M.)
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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21
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Zhang Q, Liu J, Li R, Zhao R, Zhang M, Wei S, Ran D, Jin W, Wu C. A Network Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Anticancer Mechanism and Potential Active Ingredients of Rheum palmatum L. Against Lung Cancer via Induction of Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:528308. [PMID: 33250766 PMCID: PMC7672213 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.528308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheum palmatum L. (RPL) is a known traditional herbal medicine with the functions of “heat-clearing and damp-drying” in traditional Chinese medicine. Its anti-cancer effect against lung cancer has been confirmed previously, but the related mechanisms and active substances for its action has been little studied. This study adopted the network pharmacology, built the network map of drug ingredients and disease targets (DDN), and discussed the effective components of RPL and its possible mechanisms. All constituents of RPL were collected through database search and literature mining, and the potential active constituents were screened. The inverse pharmacophore matching model was used to predict the targets of active ingredients, and the method was supplemented by database retrieval and literature mining. Compounds-target data were inputted into Cytoscape software to build the DDN of RPL, and functional annotation analysis and pathway enrichment analysis were carried out. Finally, 20 active compounds were screened, which acted on 817 targets. A total of 22,418 lung cancer-related targets were collected, and 761 overlapped with drug targets. By bioinformatics annotation of these overlapping genes, a total of 235 gene ontology (GO) functional annotation analyses and 46 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were obtained. It was found that the enrichment of GO and KEGG was associated with apoptosis, suggesting RPL plays an anti-lung cancer role via inducing cell apoptosis. Subsequent cell experiment results showed RPL and its active constituents inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells and reduced clone formation rate of A549 cells via induction of apoptosis. In this study, the pharmacodynamic basis and mechanism of RPL against lung cancer were studied from the perspective of systematic pharmacology, which would be beneficial for further elucidating the anticancer effect of RPL on lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruolan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujun Wei
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Ran
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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22
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Chen R, Huang L, Hu K. Natural products remodel cancer-associated fibroblasts in desmoplastic tumors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:2140-2155. [PMID: 33304782 PMCID: PMC7714988 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmoplastic tumors have an abundance of stromal cells and the extracellular matrix which usually result in therapeutic resistance. Current treatment prescriptions for desmoplastic tumors are usually not sufficient to eliminate the malignancy. Recently, through modulating cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) which are the most abundant cell type among all stromal cells, natural products have improved chemotherapies and the delivery of nanomedicines to the tumor cells, showing promising ability to improve treatment effects on desmoplastic tumors. In this review, we discussed the latest advances in inhibiting desmoplastic tumors by modeling CAFs using natural products, highlighting the potential therapeutic abilities of natural products in targeting CAFs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujing Chen
- Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kaili Hu
- Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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He SF, Pan NL, Chen BB, Liao JX, Huang MY, Qiu HJ, Jiang DC, Wang JJ, Chen JX, Sun J. Mitochondria-targeted Re(I) complexes bearing guanidinium as ligands and their anticancer activity. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:1107-1116. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Su YT, Butler M, Zhang M, Zhang W, Song H, Hwang L, Tran AD, Bash RE, Schorzman AN, Pang Y, Yu G, Zamboni WC, Wang X, Frye SV, Miller CR, Maric D, Terabe M, Gilbert MR, Earp Iii HS, Wu J. MerTK inhibition decreases immune suppressive glioblastoma-associated macrophages and neoangiogenesis in glioblastoma microenvironment. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa065. [PMID: 32642716 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma-associated macrophages and microglia (GAMs) are the predominant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Activation of MerTK, a receptor tyrosine kinase, polarizes GAMs to an immunosuppressive phenotype, promoting tumor growth. Here, the role of MerTK inhibition in the glioblastoma microenvironment is investigated in vitro and in vivo. Methods Effects of MRX-2843 in glioblastoma microenvironment regulation were determined in vitro by cell viability, cytokine array, in vitro tube formation, Western blotting, and wound healing assays. A syngeneic GL261 orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model was used to evaluate the survival benefit of MRX-2843 treatment. Multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of CD206, an anti-inflammatory marker on GAMs, and angiogenesis in murine brain tumor tissues. Results MRX-2843 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells and decreased protein expression of phosphorylated MerTK, AKT, and ERK, which are essential for cell survival signaling. Interleukin-8 and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, the pro-glioma and pro-angiogenic cytokines, were decreased by MRX-2843. Decreased vascular formation and numbers of immunosuppressive (CD206+) GAMs were observed following MRX-2843 treatment in vivo, suggesting that in addition to alleviating immunosuppression, MRX-2843 also inhibits neoangiogenesis in the glioma microenvironment. These results were supported by a prolonged survival in the syngeneic mouse orthotopic GL261 glioblastoma model following MRX-2843 treatment. Conclusion Our findings suggest that MRX-2843 has a therapeutic benefit via promoting GAM polarization away from immunosuppressive condition, inhibiting neoangiogenesis in the glioblastoma microenvironment and inducing tumor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Su
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Madison Butler
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meili Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hua Song
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lee Hwang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andy D Tran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan E Bash
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Allison N Schorzman
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ying Pang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Guangyang Yu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William C Zamboni
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen V Frye
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher Ryan Miller
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Masaki Terabe
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Henry Shelton Earp Iii
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Jiang X, Ma M, Li M, Shao S, Yuan H, Hu F, Liu J, Huang X. Preparation and Evaluation of Novel Emodin-loaded Stearic Acid-g-chitosan Oligosaccharide Nanomicelles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:93. [PMID: 32335740 PMCID: PMC7183521 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize emodin-loaded stearic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO-SA/EMO) and to evaluate its antitumor activity in vitro. In this study, stearic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide was used as a carrier and its physicochemical properties were determined by different methods. Cell uptake behavior was examined using FITC-labeled stearic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide. CSO-SA/EMO was prepared using ultrasonication and dialysis. Particle size, surface potential, entrapment efficiency, and drug release behavior were studied in vitro. The effects of CSO-SA/EMO on gastric cancer cells were investigated using MTT assay and flow cytometry. Results showed CSO-SA/EMO particle size was larger and potential was smaller than that of stearic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide. The 12 h micellar uptake by MGC803 and BGC823 cells was sufficient, and the micelles were able to abundantly accumulate at lesion sites in mice thus achieving good passive EPR targeting. MTT and cell cycle arrest assays showed CSO-SA/EMO-enhanced antitumor activity significantly towards MGC803 and BGC823 cells compared with that of free emodine. Tumor volume, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay proved CSO-SA/EMO had a significant antitumor effect on tumor tissues in vivo. In conclusion, the ultrasonication-dialysis method provided a simple and effective method for preparing CSO-SA/EMO. The delivery of emodine using a micelle system improved its antitumor effects effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mingxing Ma
- Qingdao Fifth People Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingjuan Li
- College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shihong Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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Molejon MI, Weiz G, Breccia JD, Vaccaro MI. Glycoconjugation: An approach to cancer therapeutics. World J Clin Oncol 2020; 11:110-120. [PMID: 32257842 PMCID: PMC7103525 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i3.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer constitutes the second leading cause of death globally and is considered to have been responsible for an estimated 9.6 million fatalities in 2018. Although treatments against gastrointestinal tumors have recently advanced, those interventions can only be applied to a minority of patients at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, new therapeutic options are necessary for advanced stages of the disease. Glycosylation of antitumor agents, has been found to improve pharmacokinetic parameters, reduce side effects, and expand drug half-life in comparison with the parent compounds. In addition, glycosylation of therapeutic agents has been proven to be an effective strategy for their targeting tumor tissue, thereby reducing the doses of the glycodrugs administered to patients. This review focusses on the effect of the targeting properties of glycosylated antitumor agents on gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Molejon
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences from La Pampa (INCITAP), National University of La Pampa, School of Natural Sciences (CONICET-UNLPam), Santa Rosa 6300, La Pampa, Argentina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (UBA-CONICET), Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Gisela Weiz
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences from La Pampa (INCITAP), National University of La Pampa, School of Natural Sciences (CONICET-UNLPam), Santa Rosa 6300, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Javier D Breccia
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences from La Pampa (INCITAP), National University of La Pampa, School of Natural Sciences (CONICET-UNLPam), Santa Rosa 6300, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Maria Ines Vaccaro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (UBA-CONICET), Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
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Bi D, Li X, Li T, Li X, Lin Z, Yao L, Li H, Xu H, Hu Z, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Xu X. Characterization and Neuroprotection Potential of Seleno-Polymannuronate. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:21. [PMID: 32153394 PMCID: PMC7044149 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seleno-polymannuronate (Se-PM) was prepared from alginate-derived polymannuronate (PM) through a sulfation followed by a selenylation replacement reaction. The organic selenium content of Se-PM was 437.25 μg/g and its average molecular weight was 2.36 kDa. The neuroprotection effect of Se-PM and corresponding molecular mechanisms were investigated. Our results showed that, comparing to both sulfated PM (S-PM) and PM, Se-PM remarkably inhibited the aggregation of Aβ1-42 oligomer in vitro and significantly reduced the APP and BACE1 protein expression in N2a-sw cells, highlighting the critical function of the selenium presented in Se-PM. Moreover, Se-PM decreased the expression of cytochrome c and the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, and enhanced the mitochondrial membrane potential in N2a-sw cells. These results suggested that Se-PM treatment can markedly inhibit N2a-sw cell apoptosis and promote N2a-sw cell survival and that Se-PM might be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of neurodegeneration owing to its remarkable neuroprotection effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decheng Bi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tong Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Zhijian Lin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Zhang Y, Zheng L, Zheng Y, Zhou C, Huang P, Xiao X, Zhao Y, Hao X, Hu Z, Chen Q, Li H, Wang X, Fukushima K, Wang G, Li C. Assembly and Annotation of a Draft Genome of the Medicinal Plant Polygonum cuspidatum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1274. [PMID: 31681373 PMCID: PMC6813658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese knotweed, also known as Huzhang in Chinese), a plant that produces bioactive components such as stilbenes and quinones, has long been recognized as important in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. To better understand the biological features of this plant and to gain genetic insight into the biosynthesis of its natural products, we assembled a draft genome of P. cuspidatum using Illumina sequencing technology. The draft genome is ca. 2.56 Gb long, with 71.54% of the genome annotated as transposable elements. Integrated gene prediction suggested that the P. cuspidatum genome encodes 55,075 functional genes, including 6,776 gene families that are conserved in the five eudicot species examined and 2,386 that are unique to P. cuspidatum. Among the functional genes identified, 4,753 are predicted to encode transcription factors. We traced the gene duplication history of P. cuspidatum and determined that it has undergone two whole-genome duplication events about 65 and 6.6 million years ago. Roots are considered the primary medicinal tissue, and transcriptome analysis identified 2,173 genes that were expressed at higher levels in roots compared to aboveground tissues. Detailed phylogenetic analysis demonstrated expansion of the gene family encoding stilbene synthase and chalcone synthase enzymes in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway, which is associated with the biosynthesis of resveratrol, a pharmacologically important stilbene. Analysis of the draft genome identified 7 abscisic acid and water deficit stress-induced protein-coding genes and 14 cysteine-rich transmembrane module genes predicted to be involved in stress responses. The draft de novo genome assembly produced in this study represents a valuable resource for the molecular characterization of medicinal compounds in P. cuspidatum, the improvement of this important medicinal plant, and the exploration of its abiotic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Lanlan Zheng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yongheng Zhao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xincai Hao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Center for Multi-Omics Research Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xuanbin Wang
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Kenji Fukushima
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Guodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Zang YQ, Feng YY, Luo YH, Zhai YQ, Ju XY, Feng YC, Sheng YN, Wang JR, Yu CQ, Jin CH. Quinalizarin induces ROS‑mediated apoptosis via the MAPK, STAT3 and NF‑κB signaling pathways in human breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4576-4586. [PMID: 31702038 PMCID: PMC6798002 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinalizarin has been demonstrated to exhibit potent antitumor activities in lung cancer and gastric cancer cells, but currently, little is known regarding its anticancer mechanisms in human breast cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the apoptotic effects of quinalizarin in MCF-7 cells and to analyze its molecular mechanisms. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the viability of human breast cancer cells that had been treated with quinalizarin and 5-fluorouracil. Flow cytometric analyses and western blotting were used to investigate the effects of quinalizarin on apoptosis and cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells with focus on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The results demonstrated that quinalizarin exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on human breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Accompanying ROS, quinalizarin induced MCF-7 cell mitochondrial-associated apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial-associated apoptosis, and caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, quinalizarin can activate p38 kinase and JNK, and inhibit the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and NF-κB signaling pathways. These effects were blocked by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor and N-acetyl-L-cysteine. The results from the present study suggested that quinalizarin induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through ROS-mediated MAPK, STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, quinalizarin may be useful for human breast cancer treatment, as well as the treatment of other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qing Zang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yu Feng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hua Luo
- Department of Grass Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Ying Ju
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Chao Feng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Sheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ru Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Qing Yu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Hao Jin
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
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Qiu N, Zhao X, Liu Q, Shen B, Liu J, Li X, An L. Inclusion complex of emodin with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: Preparation, physicochemical and biological properties. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Deitersen J, El-Kashef DH, Proksch P, Stork B. Anthraquinones and autophagy - Three rings to rule them all? Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115042. [PMID: 31420258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to overcome therapy resistance in cancer, scientists search in nature for novel lead structures for the development of improved chemotherapeutics. Anthraquinones belong to a class of tricyclic organic natural compounds with promising anti-cancer effects. Anthraquinone derivatives are rich in structural diversity, and exhibit pleiotropic properties, among which the modulation of autophagy seems promising in the context of overcoming cancer-therapy resistance. Among the most promising derivatives in this regard are emodin, aloe emodin, rhein, physcion, chrysophanol and altersolanol A. On the molecular level, these compounds target autophagy via different upstream pathways including the AKT/mTOR-axis and transcription of autophagy-related proteins. The role of autophagy is pro-survival as well as cell death-promoting, depending on derivatives and their cell type specificity. This review summarizes observed effects of anthraquinone derivatives on autophagy and discusses targeted pathways and crosstalks. A cumulative knowledge about this topic paves the way for further research on modes of action, and aids to find a therapeutic window of anthraquinones in cancer-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Deitersen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dina H El-Kashef
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Institute for Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Afshari AR, Jalili-Nik M, Soukhtanloo M, Ghorbani A, Sadeghnia HR, Mollazadeh H, Karimi Roshan M, Rahmani F, Sabri H, Vahedi MM, Mousavi SH. Auraptene-induced cytotoxicity mechanisms in human malignant glioblastoma (U87) cells: role of reactive oxygen species (ROS). EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:576-590. [PMID: 31611741 PMCID: PMC6785765 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), like the devastating type of astrocytic tumors, is one of the most challenging cancers to treat owing to its aggressive nature. Auraptene, as a prenyloxy coumarin from citrus species, represents antioxidant and antitumor activities; however, the underlying antitumor mechanisms of auraptene against GBM remain unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and apoptogenic effects of auraptene, as a promising natural product, and the possible signaling pathways affected in human malignant GBM (U87) cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production significantly decreased in the first 2, and 6 hours after treatment with auraptene however, ROS levels increased in other incubation times (8 and 24 hours), dramatically. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) markedly attenuated auraptene-induced ROS production, and consequently reversed auraptene-induced cytotoxicity in 8 and 24 hours after treatment, as well. Induction of apoptosis occurred in the first 24- and 48-hours concentration-dependently. The qRT-PCR showed an up-regulation in p21, CXCL3, and a down-regulation in Cyclin D1 genes expression. Western blot analysis confirmed the up-regulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio protein levels concentration-dependently. Hence, this study collectively revealed that the increase in ROS level is at least one of the mechanisms associated with auraptene-induced GBM cell toxicity as well as the induction of apoptosis through Bax/Bcl-2 modulation and genes expression involved that contribute to the cytotoxicity of auraptene in U87 cells. So, auraptene might be utilized as a potential novel anti-GBM agent after further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir R. Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalili-Nik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid R. Sadeghnia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mostafa Karimi Roshan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Sabri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Sugiyama Y, Shudo T, Hosokawa S, Watanabe A, Nakano M, Kakizuka A. Emodin, as a mitochondrial uncoupler, induces strong decreases in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and proliferation of B16F10 cells, owing to their poor glycolytic reserve. Genes Cells 2019; 24:569-584. [PMID: 31234244 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many types of cancer cells show a characteristic increase in glycolysis, which is called the "Warburg effect." By screening plant extracts, we identified one that decreases cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and suppresses proliferation of malignant melanoma B16F10 cells, but not of noncancerous MEF cells. We showed that its active ingredient is emodin, which showed strong antiproliferative effects on B16F10 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we also found that emodin can function as a mitochondrial uncoupler. Consistently, three known mitochondrial uncouplers also displayed potent antiproliferative effects and preferential cellular ATP reduction in B16F10 cells, but not in MEF cells. These uncouplers provoked comparable mitochondrial uncoupling in both cell types, but they manifested dramatically different cellular effects. Namely in MEF cells, these uncouplers induced three to fivefold increases in glycolysis from the basal state, and this compensatory activation appeared to be responsible for the maintenance of cellular ATP levels. In contrast, B16F10 cells treated with the uncouplers showed less than a twofold enhancement of glycolysis, which was not sufficient to compensate for the decrease of ATP production. Together, these results raise the possibility that uncouplers could be effective therapeutic agents specifically for cancer cells with prominent "Warburg effect."
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shudo
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sho Hosokawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakano
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Kakizuka
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Saunders IT, Mir H, Kapur N, Singh S. Emodin inhibits colon cancer by altering BCL-2 family proteins and cell survival pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:98. [PMID: 31011292 PMCID: PMC6466701 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently offered therapeutics to treat colon cancer (CoCa) are toxic when given at maximum tolerated dose to achieve optimal clinical response. Hence, less toxic therapeutic intervention is needed to treat CoCa. In this study, we investigated the effect of a natural agent, Emodin, on CoCa. Methods Cell viability (MTT) assay was used to determine the effect of Emodin on human CoCa and colon epithelial cells. Flow cytometric analysis was used to determine Emodin induced cell death. Antibody microarray and western blot analyses were used to determine Emodin induced molecular changes involved in cell death. Change in mitochondrial membrane potential in response to Emodin was determined by flow cytometric analysis. Expression and localization of Bcl-2 family proteins were assessed by western blot analysis. Results Emodin decreased viability of CoCa cells and induced apoptosis in a time and dose-dependent manner compared to vehicle-treated control without significantly impacting normal colon epithelial cells. Emodin activated caspases, modulated Bcl-2 family of proteins and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential to induce CoCa cell death. Further, changes in Bcl-2 family protein expression and localization correlated with loss in mitochondrial membrane potential. Signaling (MAPK/JNK, PI3K/AKT, NF-κβ and STAT) pathways associated with cell growth, differentiation, and Bcl-2 family expression or function were negatively regulated by Emodin. Conclusions Ability of Emodin to impact molecular pathways involved in cell survival and apoptosis highlight the potential of this agent as a new and less toxic alternative for CoCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Saunders
- 1Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology and Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA.,2Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA
| | - Hina Mir
- 1Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology and Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA.,2Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA
| | - Neeraj Kapur
- 1Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology and Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA.,2Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA
| | - Shailesh Singh
- 1Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology and Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA.,2Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA
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Chen S, Zhang Z, Zhang J. Emodin enhances antitumor effect of paclitaxel on human non-small-cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1145-1153. [PMID: 31114158 PMCID: PMC6489594 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s196319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was known as the most malignant tumor. Paclitaxel (PTX) is the effective drug used for the treatment of NSCLC; however, it also exhibits severe side effects. Emodin could induce apoptosis of NSCLC cells and serve as a potential cancer therapeutic agent. However, the effects of combination of emodin with PTX on NSCLC remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of emodin in combination with PTX on A549 cells. Materials and methods: The effects of combination treatment on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of NSCLC cells were evaluated by CCK-8, flow cytometric and TUNEL assays, respectively. In addition, Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, active caspase 3, p-Akt and ERK in cells. Results: Combination of emodin with PTX synergistically inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in vitro. In addition, we found that emodin significantly enhanced PTX-induced apoptosis in A549 cells via increasing the expressions of Bax and active caspase 3 and decreasing the levels of Bcl-2, p-Akt and p-ERK. Moreover, emodin markedly enhanced antitumor effect of PTX on A549 xenograft without significant side effects in vivo. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that emodin could significantly enhance antitumor effect of PTX in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the combination of emodin with PTX may serve as a potential strategy for the treatment of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuifang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
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Zhou J, Li G, Han G, Feng S, Liu Y, Chen J, Liu C, Zhao L, Jin F. Emodin induced necroptosis in the glioma cell line U251 via the TNF-α/RIP1/RIP3 pathway. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:50-59. [PMID: 30924024 PMCID: PMC6985083 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emodin, an anthraquinone compound extracted from rhubarb and other traditional Chinese medicines, has been proven to have a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor activities. Previous studies have confirmed that emodin has inhibitory effects on various solid tumors, such as osteosarcoma, liver cancer, prostate cancer and glioma. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of emodin-induced necroptosis in the glioma cell line U251 by targeting the TNF-α/RIP1/RIP3 signaling pathway. We found that emodin could significantly inhibit U251 cell proliferation, and the viability of U251 cells treated with emodin was reduced in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry assays and Hoechst-PI staining assays showed that emodin induced apoptosis and necroptosis. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis showed that emodin upregulated the levels of TNF-α, RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL. Furthermore, the RIP1 inhibitor Nec-1 and the RIP3 inhibitor GSK872 attenuated the killing effect of emodin on U251 cells. In addition, emodin could increase the levels of TNF-α, RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL in vivo. The results demonstrate that emodin could induce necroptosis in glioma possibly through the activation of the TNF-α/RIP1/RIP3 axis. These studies provide novel insight into the induction of necroptosis by emodin and indicate that emodin might be a potential candidate for treating glioma through the necroptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Zhou
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Genhua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangkui Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 People’s Republic of China
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Yang K, Jin MJ, Quan ZS, Piao HR. Design and Synthesis of Novel Anti-Proliferative Emodin Derivatives and Studies on their Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis Pathway and Migration. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050884. [PMID: 30832378 PMCID: PMC6429262 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emodin is a cell arrest and apoptosis-inducing compound that is widely distributed in different plants (rhubarb, aloe), lichens and terrestrial fungi, and also isolated from marine-derived fungi and marine sponge-associated fungi. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel series of emodin derivatives by binding emodin to an amino acid using linkers of varying lengths and composition, and evaluated their anti-proliferative activities using HepG2 cells (human hepatic carcinoma), MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer) and human normal liver L02 cells. Most of these derivatives showed moderate to potent anti-proliferative activities. Notably, compound 7a exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cells with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 4.95 µM, which was enhanced 8.8-fold compared to the parent compound emodin (IC50 = 43.87 µM), and it also exhibited better selective anti-proliferative activity and specificity than emodin. Moreover, further experiments demonstrated that compound 7a displayed a significant efficacy of inducing apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway via release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and subsequent activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, inducing cell arrest at G0/G1 phase, as well as suppression of cell migration of tumor cells. The preliminary results suggested that compound 7a could be a promising lead compound for the discovery of novel anti-tumor drugs and has the potential for further investigations as an anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, AffiliatedMinistry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Ming-Ji Jin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, AffiliatedMinistry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Hu-Ri Piao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, AffiliatedMinistry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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Maiti M, Sarkar M, Maiti S, Liu D. Efficacy of shape-monitored reduced graphene oxide–copper nanohybrids: anti-bacterial attributes for food safety and dye degradation studies. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04447c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Usage perspective of morphology tailored reduced graphene oxide–copper hybrids is explored as antimicrobial and catalytic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Maiti
- College of Bio Systems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- China
| | - Manas Sarkar
- Institute of Advanced Engineering Structures and Materials
- Zhejiang University
- China
| | - Soumen Maiti
- Department of Physics
- St. Thomas College of Engineering and Technology
- India
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Bio Systems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- China
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Yang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Chen C, Xu W, Xiao H. Emodin induces liver injury by inhibiting the key enzymes of FADH/NADPH transport in rat liver. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:888-896. [PMID: 30310665 PMCID: PMC6116728 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00307b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emodin is a natural anthraquinone derivative that occurs in many Chinese medicinal herbs. It might induce liver damage, but the mechanism is not clear. In this research, seven groups of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with three doses of emodin were used. The liver injury was examined by analyzing biochemical indexes and histopathology. Altered proteins between the control group (CG) and the liver injury group were determined by proteomic technology. The results showed that emodin causes liver injury in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In the high-dosage 1-week group (HG1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was downregulated, and the activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) was inhibited by emodin. These might cause the inhibition of FADH or NADH/NADPH transport from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. The WB results showed that the inhibition of FADH/NADPH transport induced a high activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and the expressions of cytochrome c (Cyt C), caspase-9 and caspase-3 were high in HG1, which might lead to mitochondrial apoptosis pathway activation. In addition, whatever the HG1 or low-dose group (LG), the effects of emodin on mitochondria were observed. Overall, for the first time, we showed that emodin inhibited proton transport and induced the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, which might be the reason for liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia China , Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , China
| | - Yinhuan Zhang
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , China .
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia China , Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia China , Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia China , Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , China .
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Murley JS, Arbiser JL, Weichselbaum RR, Grdina DJ. ROS modifiers and NOX4 affect the expression of the survivin-associated radio-adaptive response. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 123:39-52. [PMID: 29660403 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The survivin-associated radio-adaptive response can be induced following exposure to ionizing radiation in the dose range from 5 to 100 mGy, and its magnitude of expression is dependent upon the TP53 mutational status of cells and ROS signaling. The purpose of the study was to investigate the potential role of ROS in the development of the survivin-associated adaptive response. Utilizing human colon carcinoma HCT116 TP53 wild type (WT) and HCT116 isogenic TP53 null mutant (Mut) cell cultures, the roles of inter- and intracellular ROS signaling on expression of the adaptive response as evidenced by changes in intracellular translocation of survivin measured by ELISA, and cell survival determined by a standard colony forming assay were investigated using ROS modifying agents that include emodin, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), fulvene-5, honokiol, metformin and rotenone. The role of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in the survivin-associated adaptive response was investigated by transfecting HCT116 cells, both WT and Mut, with two different NOX4 siRNA oligomers and Western blotting. A dose of 5 mGy or a 15 min exposure to 50 µM of the ROS producing drug emodin were equally effective in inducing a pro-survival adaptive response in TP53 WT and a radio-sensitization adaptive response in TP53 Mut HCT116 cells. Each response was associated with a corresponding translocation of survivin into the cytoplasm or nucleus, respectively. Exposure to 10 mM NAC completely inhibited both responses. Exposure to 10 µM honokiol induced responses similar to those observed following NAC exposure in TP53 WT and Mut cells. The mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor rotenone was effective in reducing both cytoplasmic and nuclear survivin levels, but was ineffective in altering the expression of the adaptive response in either TP53 WT or Mut cells. In contrast, both metformin and fulvene-5, inhibitors of NOX4, facilitated the reversal of TP53 WT and Mut adaptive responses from pro-survival to radio-sensitization and vice versa, respectively. These changes were accompanied by corresponding reversals in the translocation of survivin to the nuclei of TP53 WT and to the cytoplasm of TP53 Mut cells. The potential role of NOX4 in the expression of the survivin-associated adaptive response was investigated by transfecting HCT116 cells with NOX4 siRNA oligomers to inhibit NOX4 expression. Under these conditions NOX4 expression was inhibited by about 50%, resulting in a reversal in the expression of the TP53 WT and Mut survivin-associated adaptive responses as was observed following metformin and fulvene-5 treatment. Exposure to 5 mGy resulted in enhanced NOX4 expression by about 40% in both TP53 WT and Mut cells, in contrast to only a 1-2% increase following a 2 Gy only exposure. Utilizing mixed cultures of HCT116 TP53 WT and isogenic null Mut cells, as few as 10% TP53 Mut cells were sufficient to control the expression of the remaining 90% WT cells and resulted in an overall radio-sensitization response accompanied by the nuclear translocation of survivin characteristic of homogeneous TP53 Mut populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Murley
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology and Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - David J Grdina
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Emodin, Physcion, and Crude Extract of Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. pubescens Induce Mixed Cell Death, Increase in Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Inhibition of AKT in Cervical and Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cell Lines. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2390234. [PMID: 30057674 PMCID: PMC6051077 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2390234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There have been few studies on the pharmacological properties of Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. pubescens, a native Brazilian species popularly known as “fruto-de-pombo.” The aim of this study was to investigate the scavenging capacity of emodin, physcion, and the ethanolic crude extract of Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. pubescens against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as their role and plausible mechanisms in prompting cell death and changes in AKT phosphorylation after cervical (SiHa and C33A) and oral (HSC-3) squamous cell carcinoma treatments. Emodin was shown to be the best scavenger of NO• and O2•−, while all samples were equally effective in HOCl/OCl− capture. Emodin, physcion, and the ethanolic extract all exhibited cytotoxic effects on SiHa, C33A, HSC-3, and HaCaT (immortalized human keratinocytes, nontumorigenic cell line), involving mixed cell death (apoptosis and necrosis) independent of the caspase activation pathway. Emodin, physcion, and the ethanolic extract increased intracellular oxidative stress and DNA damage. Emodin decreased the activation of AKT in all tumor cells, physcion in HSC-3 and HaCaT cells, and the ethanolic extract in C33A and HaCaT cells, respectively. The induction of cancer cell death by emodin, physcion, and the ethanolic crude extract of Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. pubescens was related to an increase in intracellular oxidative stress and DNA damage and a decrease in AKT activation. These molecules are therefore emerging as interesting candidates for further study as novel options to treat cervical and oral carcinomas.
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Bao W, Wang X, Chen M, Chai T, Wang H. A WRKY transcription factor, PcWRKY33, from Polygonum cuspidatum reduces salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1033-1048. [PMID: 29691637 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PcWRKY33 is a transcription factor which can reduce salt tolerance by decreasing the expression of stress-related genes and increasing the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). WRKY transcription factors play important roles in the regulation of biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we report a group I WRKY gene from Polygonum cuspidatum, PcWRKY33, that encodes a nucleoprotein, which specifically binds to the W-box in the promoter of target genes to regulate their expression. The results from qPCR and promoter analysis show that expression of PcWRKY33 can be induced by various abiotic stresses, including NaCl and plant hormones. Overexpression of PcWRKY33 in Arabidopsis thaliana reduced tolerance to salt stress. More specifically, several physiological parameters (such as root length, seed germination rate, seedling survival rate, and chlorophyll concentration) of the transgenic lines were significantly lower than those of the wild type under salt stress. In addition, following exposure to salt stress, transgenic plants showed decreased expression of stress-related genes, a weakened ability to maintain Na+/K+ homeostasis, decreased activities of reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) scavenging enzymes, and increased accumulation of ROS. Taken together, these results suggest that PcWRKY33 negatively regulates the salt tolerance in at least two ways: by down-regulating the induction of stress-related genes and by increasing the level of cellular ROS. In sum, our results indicate that PcWRKY33 is a group I WRKY transcription factor involved in abiotic stress regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Bao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Mo Chen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Tuanyao Chai
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
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Wang R, Deng D, Shao N, Xu Y, Xue L, Peng Y, Liu Y, Zhi F. Evodiamine activates cellular apoptosis through suppressing PI3K/AKT and activating MAPK in glioma. Onco Targets Ther 2018. [PMID: 29535541 PMCID: PMC5841348 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s155275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system and is associated with a very poor prognosis. No further improvements in outcomes have been reported since radiotherapy-temozolomide therapy was introduced. Therefore, developing new agents to treat GBM is important. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of evodiamine (Evo) on GBM cells, and to determine the underlying mechanisms involved. Results According to MTT assay results, Evo significantly inhibited the cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses revealed that Evo induced cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, Evo induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption. Finally, Evo induced apoptosis in cancer cells by suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling and inducing MAPK phosphorylation (p38 and JNK, but not ERK) to regulate apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, Cytochrome c, Caspase-3, and PARP). Conclusion In summary, Evo inhibits cell proliferation by inducing cellular apoptosis via suppressing PI3K/AKT and activating MAPK in GBM; these results indicate that Evo may be regarded as a new approach for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danni Deng
- Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naiyuan Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lian Xue
- Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yatian Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Maiti M, Sarkar M, Liu D, Xu S, Maiti S, Paul BK, Das S. Tungsten doped hydroxyapatite processed at different temperatures: dielectric behaviour and anti-microbial properties. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrical and antibacterial activities of bio-compatible W/HAp synthesizedviachemical precipitation followed by annealing at different temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Maiti
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- China
| | - Manas Sarkar
- Institute of Advanced Engineering Structures and Materials
- College of Civil Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- China
| | - Shilang Xu
- Institute of Advanced Engineering Structures and Materials
- College of Civil Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- China
| | - Soumen Maiti
- Department of Physics
- St. Thomas College of Engineering and Technology
- India
| | | | - Sukhen Das
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- India
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Su YT, Chen R, Wang H, Song H, Zhang Q, Chen LY, Lappin H, Vasconcelos G, Lita A, Maric D, Li A, Celiku O, Zhang W, Meetze K, Estok T, Larion M, Abu-Asab M, Zhuang Z, Yang C, Gilbert MR, Wu J. Novel Targeting of Transcription and Metabolism in Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:1124-1137. [PMID: 29254993 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) is highly resistant to treatment, largely due to disease heterogeneity and resistance mechanisms. We sought to investigate a promising drug that can inhibit multiple aspects of cancer cell survival mechanisms and become an effective therapeutic for GBM patients.Experimental Design: To investigate TG02, an agent with known penetration of the blood-brain barrier, we examined the effects as single agent and in combination with temozolomide, a commonly used chemotherapy in GBM. We used human GBM cells and a syngeneic mouse orthotopic GBM model, evaluating survival and the pharmacodynamics of TG02. Mechanistic studies included TG02-induced transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and RNA sequencing in treated GBM cells as well as the investigation of mitochondrial and glycolytic function assays.Results: We demonstrated that TG02 inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell death, and synergized with temozolomide in GBM cells with different genetic background but not in astrocytes. TG02-induced cytotoxicity was blocked by the overexpression of phosphorylated CDK9, suggesting a CDK9-dependent cell killing. TG02 suppressed transcriptional progression of antiapoptotic proteins and induced apoptosis in GBM cells. We further demonstrated that TG02 caused mitochondrial dysfunction and glycolytic suppression and ultimately ATP depletion in GBM. A prolonged survival was observed in GBM mice receiving combined treatment of TG02 and temozolomide. The TG02-induced decrease of CDK9 phosphorylation was confirmed in the brain tumor tissue.Conclusions: TG02 inhibits multiple survival mechanisms and synergistically decreases energy production with temozolomide, representing a promising therapeutic strategy in GBM, currently under investigation in an ongoing clinical trial. Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1124-37. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Su
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert Chen
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Herui Wang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hua Song
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Qi Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Li-Yuan Chen
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hallie Lappin
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gabriel Vasconcelos
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adrian Lita
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aiguo Li
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Orieta Celiku
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wei Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Mioara Larion
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mones Abu-Asab
- Section of Histopathology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chunzhang Yang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jing Wu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Lu Y, Li Y, Xiang M, Zhou J, Chen J. Khat promotes human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis via mitochondria and MAPK-associated pathways. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3947-3952. [PMID: 28943902 PMCID: PMC5604101 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) is a flowering evergreen plant in Eastern Africa and Southwestern Arabia. Consumption of Khat has been associated with the development of oral cancer, but its mechanism of action on the molecular level remains unclear. The present study demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of khat extracts on the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Trypan blue exclusion assays, flow cytometry, fluorescent and electron microscopy, as well as western blotting were used to analyze the effects of Khat on the cell viability of breast cancer cells, expression of apoptotic-associated proteins and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results of the present study demonstrated that treatment with 400 µg/ml khat was able to induce cell death in breast cancers, with an increase in the protein expression of apoptosis regulator Bax and a decrease in the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2, along with a decrease in ROS levels in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the expression of activated c-Jun N-terminal and extracellular regulated protein kinases was increased in khat-treated cells compared with untreated cells. Mitochondria participated in cell apoptosis through the release of apoptogenic proteins to the cytosol and the generation of excess reactive oxygen species. The results of the present study suggest that khat induces MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis via MAPK activation and mitochondrial-mediated death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Min Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Li L, Tian Y, Yu J, Song X, Jia R, Cui Q, Tong W, Zou Y, Li L, Yin L, Liang X, He C, Yue G, Ye G, Zhao L, Shi F, Lv C, Cao S, Yin Z. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals multiple effects of Emodin to Haemophilus parasuis. J Proteomics 2017; 166:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Effect of Emodin on Expression of VEGF-A and VEGFR_2 Genes in Human Breast Carcinoma MCF-7 Cell. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.8095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lu J, Xu Y, Zhao Z, Ke X, Wei X, Kang J, Zong X, Mao H, Liu P. Emodin suppresses proliferation, migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells by down regulating ILK in vitro and in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3579-3589. [PMID: 28790850 PMCID: PMC5530856 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s138217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although our previous studies have confirmed that 1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-6-methylant hraquinone (emodin) inhibits migration and invasion in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, the aim was to investigate the effects of emodin on EOC cells and to study further the mechanism underlying this process, both in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell proliferation was evaluated by the methylthiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Cell migration and invasion abilities were tested using the transwell assay. The expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated factors were measured with western blotting. RESULTS Exogenous ILK enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion properties of A2780 and SK-OV-3 cells. After treatment with emodin, the survival rate of cells was gradually reduced, including those of SK-OV-3/pLVX-ILK and A2780/pLVX-ILK cells, with increasing emodin concentrations. The migration and invasion abilities of A2780 and SK-OV-3 cells were effectively increased by the transfection of pLVX-ILK, which could be abrogated by following this with 48 hours of emodin treatment. Treatment with emodin significantly downregulated the expression of ILK and EMT-related proteins. So, emodin suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells by downregulating ILK in vitro. SK-OV-3/pLVX-Con and SK-OV-3/pLVX-ILK cells were used to generate xenografts in nude mice. Tumors grew more rapidly in the SK-OV-3/pLVX-ILK group compared with the control group, and this could be significantly inhibited by emodin. Also, the expression of E-cadherin was downregulated, while the expression of Slug, MMP-9 and Vimentin were upregulated in the SK-OV-3/pLVX-ILK group, and this could be reversed by following treatment with emodin. Emodin did not demonstrate target toxicity on hepatocytes, nephrocytes and cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Emodin suppresses proliferation, migration and invasion in ovarian cancer by targeting ILK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong
| | - Xiaoning Ke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong
| | - Jia Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong
| | - Xuan Zong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong
| | - Hongluan Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong
| | - Peishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong
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Khan S, Naseem I. Photocatalytic interaction of aminophylline-riboflavin leads to ROS-mediated DNA damage and cell death: A novel phototherapeutic mechanism for cancer. IUBMB Life 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saniyya Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Imrana Naseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India
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