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Shumyantseva VV, Makhova AA, Bulko TV, Bernhardt R, Kuzikov AV, Shich EV, Kukes VG, Archakov AI. Taurine modulates catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:366-73. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Uno Y, Matsushita A, Shukuya M, Matsumoto Y, Murayama N, Yamazaki H. CYP2C19 polymorphisms account for inter-individual variability of drug metabolism in cynomolgus macaques. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:242-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Grobler L, Grobler A, Haynes R, Masimirembwa C, Thelingwani R, Steenkamp P, Steyn HS. The effect of the Pheroid delivery system on the in vitro metabolism and in vivo pharmacokinetics of artemisone. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:313-25. [PMID: 24511903 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.885503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives were to determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of artemisone and artemisone formulated in the Pheroid® drug delivery system in primates and to establish whether the formulation affects the in vitro metabolism of artemisone in human and monkey liver and intestinal microsomes. METHODS For the PK study, a single oral dose of artemisone was administered to vervet monkeys using a crossover design. Plasma samples were analyzed by means of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. For the in vitro metabolism study, clearance was determined using microsomes and recombinant CYP3A4 enzymes, and samples were analyzed by means of ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS Artemisone and M1 plasma levels were unexpectedly low compared to those previously recorded in rodents and humans. The in vitro intrinsic clearance (CLint) of the reference formulation with monkey liver microsomes was much higher (1359.33 ± 103.24 vs 178.86 ± 23.42) than that of human liver microsomes. The in vitro data suggest that microsomal metabolism of artemisone is inhibited by the Pheroid delivery system. CONCLUSIONS The in vivo results obtained in this study indicate that the Pheroid delivery system improves the PK profile of artemisone. The in vitro results indicate that microsomal metabolism of artemisone is inhibited by the Pheroid delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizette Grobler
- North-West University, Faculty of Health Sciences, DST/NWU Preclinical Drug Development Platform , Potchefstroom , South Africa +27 18 299 2281, +27 18 299 4467 ; +27 18 285 2233 ; ;
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Electroanalysis of Cytochrome P450 3A4 Catalytic Properties with Nanostructured Electrodes: The Influence of Vitamin B Group on Diclofenac Metabolism. BIONANOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-011-0007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Uno Y, Iwasaki K, Yamazaki H, Nelson DR. Macaque cytochromes P450: nomenclature, transcript, gene, genomic structure, and function. Drug Metab Rev 2011; 43:346-61. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2010.549492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Uno Y, Uehara S, Kohara S, Iwasaki K, Nagata R, Fukuzaki K, Utoh M, Murayama N, Yamazaki H. Newly identified CYP2C93 is a functional enzyme in rhesus monkey, but not in cynomolgus monkey. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16923. [PMID: 21347438 PMCID: PMC3035658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynomolgus monkey and rhesus monkey are used in drug metabolism studies due to their evolutionary closeness and physiological resemblance to human. In cynomolgus monkey, we previously identified cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) 2C76 that does not have a human ortholog and is partly responsible for species differences in drug metabolism between cynomolgus monkey and human. In this study, we report characterization of CYP2C93 cDNA newly identified in cynomolgus monkey and rhesus monkey. The CYP2C93 cDNA contained an open reading frame of 490 amino acids approximately 84–86% identical to human CYP2Cs. CYP2C93 was located in the genomic region, which corresponded to the intergenic region in the human genome, indicating that CYP2C93 does not correspond to any human genes. CYP2C93 mRNA was expressed predominantly in the liver among 10 tissues analyzed. The CYP2C93 proteins heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli metabolized human CYP2C substrates, diclofenac, flurbiprofen, paclitaxel, S-mephenytoin, and tolbutamide. In addition to a normal transcript (SV1), an aberrantly spliced transcript (SV2) lacking exon 2 was identified, which did not give rise to a functional protein due to frameshift and a premature termination codon. Mini gene assay revealed that the genetic variant IVS2-1G>T at the splice site of intron 1, at least partly, accounted for the exon-2 skipping; therefore, this genotype would influence CYP2C93-mediated drug metabolism. SV1 was expressed in 6 of 11 rhesus monkeys and 1 of 8 cynomolgus monkeys, but the SV1 in the cynomolgus monkey was nonfunctional due to a rare null genotype (c.102T>del). These results suggest that CYP2C93 can play roles as a drug-metabolizing enzyme in rhesus monkeys (not in cynomolgus monkeys), although its relative contribution to drug metabolism has yet to be validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Japan.
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Quintieri L, Bortolozzo S, Stragliotto S, Moro S, Pavanetto M, Nassi A, Palatini P, Floreani M. Flavonoids diosmetin and hesperetin are potent inhibitors of cytochrome P450 2C9-mediated drug metabolism in vitro. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2010; 25:466-76. [PMID: 20877134 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-10-rg-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine in vitro, by means of kinetic analysis and molecular docking simulations, the effects of the flavone diosmetin and its flavanone analog hesperetin on CYP (cytochrome P450) 2C9-mediated drug metabolism. To this purpose, the conversion of diclofenac to 4'-hydroxydiclofenac by human liver microsomes was used as a model assay for assessing the CYP2C9 inhibitory activity of these two flavonoids. Kinetic analyses showed that diosmetin and hesperetin were reversible, dead-end inhibitors of 4'-hydroxydiclofenac formation; their mean K(i) (inhibitor dissociation constant) values were 1.71 ± 0.58 and 21.50 ± 3.62 µM, respectively. Diosmetin behaved as a competitive inhibitor, since it increased markedly the K(m) (substrate concentration yielding 50% of V(max)) of the reaction without affecting the V(max) (maximum velocity of reaction). Hesperetin modified markedly K(m) and to a lesser extent also modified V(max), thus acting as a mixed competitive-noncompetitive inhibitor. The results of molecular docking simulations were consistent with those of kinetic analysis, since they showed that the putative binding sites of both diosmetin and hesperetin coincided with the CYP2C9 substrate binding site. The demonstration that diosmetin and hesperetin inhibit CYP2C9-mediated diclofenac metabolism at low micromolar concentrations is of potential clinical relevance because CYP2C9 is responsible for the biotransformation of various therapeutically important drugs that have narrow therapeutic indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Quintieri
- Department of Pharmacology and Anaesthesiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Tang C, Prueksaritanont T. Use of in vivo animal models to assess pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. Pharm Res 2010; 27:1772-87. [PMID: 20428930 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are used commonly in various stages of drug discovery and development to aid in the prospective assessment of drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential and the understanding of the underlying mechanism for DDI of a drug candidate. In vivo assessments in an appropriate animal model can be very valuable, when used in combination with in vitro systems, to help verify in vivo relevance of the in vitro animal-based results, and thus substantiate the extrapolation of in vitro human data to clinical outcomes. From a pharmacokinetic standpoint, a key consideration for rational selection of an animal model is based on broad similarities to humans in important physiological and biochemical parameters governing drug absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion (ADME) processes in question for both the perpetrator and victim drugs. Equally critical are specific in vitro and/or in vivo experiments to demonstrate those similarities, usually both qualitative and quantitative, in the ADME properties/processes under investigation. In this review, theoretical basis and specific examples are presented to illustrate the utility of the animal models in assessing the potential and understanding the mechanisms of DDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuyue Tang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., WP75A-203, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
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Mandlekar SV, Rose AV, Cornelius G, Sleczka B, Caporuscio C, Wang J, Marathe PH. Development of anin vivorat screen model to predict pharmacokinetic interactions of CYP3A4 substrates. Xenobiotica 2008; 37:923-42. [PMID: 17896322 DOI: 10.1080/00498250701570269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of polytherapy, drug interactions have become a common clinical problem. Although in vitro data are routinely used for the prediction of drug interactions, in vitro systems are not dynamic and sometimes fail to predict drug interactions. We sought to use the rat as an in vivo screening model to predict pharmacokinetic interactions with ketoconazole. The pharmacokinetic studies were conducted following an oral dose of CYP3A substrates and an optimized oral regimen of ketoconazole. In vitro reaction phenotyping was conducted using individual human and rat cDNA-expressed CYP enzymes and human or rat liver microsomes in the presence of ketoconazole. The in vitro experiments indicated that the test compounds were largely metabolized by CYP3A in both human and rat. The compounds could be rank-ordered with respect to the increase in C(max) and area under the curve (AUC) values relative to midazolam in the presence of ketoconazole. The degree of pharmacokinetic interaction with ketoconazole was dependent, in part, upon their in vitro metabolism in the presence of rat CYP3A1/3A2 and in rat and human microsomes, co-incubated with ketoconazole, and on their fraction metabolized (f(m)) in the rat relative to other disposition pathways. Based on the rank-order of interaction, the compounds could be prioritized for further preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Mandlekar
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Tang C, Carr BA, Poignant F, Ma B, Polsky-Fisher SL, Kuo Y, Strong-Basalyga K, Norcross A, Richards K, Eisenhandler R, Carlini EJ, Di Marco CN, Kuduk SD, Yu NX, Raab CE, Rushmore T, Frederick CB, Bock MG, Prueksaritanont T. CYP2C75-Involved Autoinduction of Metabolism in Rhesus Monkeys of Methyl 3-Chloro-3′-fluoro-4′-{(1R)-1-[({1-[(trifluoroacetyl)amino]cyclopropyl}carbonyl)amino]ethyl}-1,1′-biphenyl-2-carboxylate (MK-0686), a Bradykinin B1 Receptor Antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 325:935-46. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.136044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ward KW, Coon DJ, Magiera D, Bhadresa S, Nisbett E, Lawrence MS. Exploration of the African Green Monkey as a Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Model: Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 36:715-20. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.107.019315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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