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Li J, Li X, Wang Y, Meng L, Cui W. Zinc: a potential star for regulating peritoneal fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1436864. [PMID: 39301569 PMCID: PMC11411568 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1436864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a commonly used renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). During PD, the peritoneum (PM), a semi-permeable membrane, is exposed to nonbiocompatible PD solutions. Peritonitis can occur, leading to structural and functional PM disorders, resulting in peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure, which are important reasons for patients with ESRD to discontinue PD. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress (OS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis. Furthermore, zinc deficiency is often present to a certain extent in patients undergoing PD. As an essential trace element, zinc is also an antioxidant, potentially playing an anti-OS role and slowing down peritoneal fibrosis progression. This study summarises and analyses recent research conducted by domestic and foreign scholars on the possible mechanisms through which zinc prevents peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangwei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingfei Meng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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2
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Moriya K, Sato S, Nishimura N, Kawaratani H, Takaya H, Kaji K, Namisaki T, Uejima M, Nagamatsu S, Matsuo H, Yoshiji H. Efficacy of Serum Ferritin-Zinc Ratio for Predicting Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4463. [PMID: 37445498 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: The search for noninvasive biomarkers that can efficiently estimate the extent of liver fibrosis progression is ongoing. Although Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), the aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and the Forns index have been reported as useful biomarkers, their investigation in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is limited. This study aimed to examine the usefulness of these serological indices and a newly developed index in predicting liver fibrosis progression in AIH. Methods: The study analyzed data from 190 patients diagnosed with AIH at our institution between 1990 and 2015. Their histological liver fibrosis progression and clinical long-term prognosis were evaluated retrospectively (cohort 1). In 90 patients, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were compared to choose severe fibrosis cases with respect to existing indices (FIB-4, APRI, and Forns index) and the ferritin-zinc ratio (cohort 2). Results: In cohort 1, liver-related death and hepatocellular carcinoma rates were significantly higher in the severe (n = 27) than in the mild (n = 63) fibrosis group (p = 0.0001 and 0.0191, respectively). In cohort 2, liver-related death in the severe fibrosis group was significantly frequent (p = 0.0071), and their ferritin-zinc ratio was higher (median 2.41 vs. 0.62, p = 0.0011). ROC analyses were performed to compare the ability of the ferritin-zinc ratio, FIB-4, APRI, and the Forns index to predict severe and mild fibrosis. Accordingly, areas under the ROC were 0.732, 0.740, 0.721, and 0.729, respectively. Conclusions: The serum ferritin-zinc ratio can noninvasively predict liver fibrosis progression in AIH and be applied to predict long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Moriya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 897-5, 2-Chome, Shichijo-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8581, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hideto Kawaratani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Masakazu Uejima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 897-5, 2-Chome, Shichijo-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8581, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Nagamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 897-5, 2-Chome, Shichijo-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8581, Japan
| | - Hideki Matsuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 897-5, 2-Chome, Shichijo-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8581, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
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Alexander SN, Jeong HS, Szabo-Pardi TA, Burton MD. Sex-specific differences in alcohol-induced pain sensitization. Neuropharmacology 2023; 225:109354. [PMID: 36460082 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Pain sensitization is a phenomenon that occurs to protect tissues from damage and recent studies have shown how a variety of non-noxious stimuli included in our everyday lives can lead to pain sensitization. Consumption of large amounts of alcohol over a long period of time invokes alcohol use disorder (AUD), a complex pathological state that has many manifestations, including alcohol peripheral neuropathy (neuropathic pain). We asked if 'non-pathological' alcohol consumption can cause pain sensitization in the absence of other pathology? Studies have pointed to glia and other immune cells and their role in pain sensitization that results in cell and sex-specific responses. Using a low-dose and short-term ethanol exposure model, we investigated whether this exposure would sensitize mice to a subthreshold dose of an inflammatory mediator that normally does not induce pain. We observed female mice exhibited specific mechanical and higher thermal sensitivity than males. We also observed an increase in CD68+ macrophages in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and Iba1+ microglia in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn of animals that were exposed to ethanol and injected with subthreshold inflammatory prostaglandin E2. Our findings suggest that short-term ethanol exposure stimulates peripheral and central, immune and glial activation, respectively to induce pain sensitization. This work begins to reveal a possible mechanism behind the development of alcoholic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shevon N Alexander
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Lab (NIB), Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Science, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Han S Jeong
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Lab (NIB), Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Science, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Thomas A Szabo-Pardi
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Lab (NIB), Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Science, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Michael D Burton
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Lab (NIB), Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Science, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
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Fujimoto Y, Kaji K, Nishimura N, Enomoto M, Murata K, Takeda S, Takaya H, Kawaratani H, Moriya K, Namisaki T, Akahane T, Yoshiji H. Dual therapy with zinc acetate and rifaximin prevents from ethanol-induced liver fibrosis by maintaining intestinal barrier integrity. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:8323-8342. [PMID: 35068872 PMCID: PMC8717023 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i48.8323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic overload of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide dictates the progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) by inducing oxidative stress and activating Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells through toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Therefore, targeting the maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity has attracted attention for the treatment of ALD. Zinc acetate and rifaximin, which is a nonabsorbable antibiotic, had been clinically used for patients with cirrhosis, particularly those with hepatic encephalopathy, and had been known to improve intestinal barrier dysfunction. However, only few studies focused on their efficacies in preventing the ALD-related fibrosis development.
AIM To investigate the effects of a combined zinc acetate with rifaximin on liver fibrosis in a mouse ALD model.
METHODS To induce ALD-related liver fibrosis, female C57BL/6J mice were fed a 2.5% (v/v) ethanol-containing Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet and received intraperitoneal carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection twice weekly (1 mL/kg) for 8 wk. Zinc acetate (100 mg/L) and/or rifaximin (100 mg/L) were orally administered during experimental period. Hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis as well as intestinal barrier function were evaluated by histological and molecular analyses. Moreover, the direct effects of both agents on Caco-2 barrier function were assessed by in vitro assays.
RESULTS In the ethanol plus CCl4-treated mice, combination of zinc acetate and rifaximin attenuated oxidative lipid peroxidation with downregulation of Nox2 and Nox4. This combination significantly inhibited the Kupffer cells expansion and the proinflammatory response with blunted hepatic exposure of lipopolysaccharide and the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kB pathway. Consequently, liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cells activation were efficiently suppressed with downregulation of Mmp-2, -9, -13, and Timp1. Both agents improved the atrophic changes and permeability in the ileum, with restoration of tight junction proteins (TJPs) by decreasing the expressions of tumor necrosis factor α and myosin light chain kinase. In the in vitro assay, both agents directly reinforced ethanol or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated paracellular permeability and upregulated TJPs in Caco-2 cells.
CONCLUSION Dual therapy with zinc acetate and rifaximin may serve as a strategy to prevent ALD-related fibrosis by maintaining intestinal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Masahide Enomoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Koji Murata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Soichi Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Hideto Kawaratani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Kei Moriya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
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Xu D, Qiao T, Wang Y, Wang QS, Cui YL. Alginate nanogels-based thermosensitive hydrogel to improve antidepressant-like effects of albiflorin via intranasal delivery. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2137-2149. [PMID: 34617853 PMCID: PMC8510626 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1986604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a primary public health problem. However, current antidepressants work slowly, and together with side effects. Herein, the alginate nanogels were constructed to load albiflorin (albiflorin nanogels), which further formed albiflorin nanogel loaded self-assembled thermosensitive hydrogel system (albiflorin-NGSTH) and were used to improve its antidepressant effects. The nanogel showed a nano-scaled particle size and stronger antioxidant activity. Rheological studies showed that albiflorin-NGSTH had a sol-gel transition at approximately 28 °C. Albiflorin-NGSTH quickly entered the brain by intranasal delivery, and had a continuously release for albiflorin. Preliminary results of mice behavioral despair tests found that albiflorin-NGSTH had no effects on independent exploratory behavior and anxiety of the mice, and significantly decreased immobility duration of the mice in tail suspension test (TST). Moreover, the intranasally administrated albiflorin-NGSTH at a low dose improved depressive behavior, decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and repaired neuronal damage of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats, which indicated an excellent potential for depression therapy. The treatment of albiflorin-NGSTH on depressive disorder was achieved by regulating signal pathway related to depression. Therefore, albiflorin-NGSTH has an excellent potential for clinical application in intranasal drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Tao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qiang-Song Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuan-Lu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
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6
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Guan Y, Zhao X, Song N, Cui Y, Chang Y. Albicanol antagonizes Cd-induced apoptosis through a NO/iNOS-regulated mitochondrial pathway in chicken liver cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:1757-1768. [PMID: 33502412 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03270k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) induces hepatocyte injury by oxidative stress. Albicanol is a sesquiterpenoid extracted from the medicinal plant Dryopteris fragrans that has previously been shown to exhibit anti-aging and antioxidant activity. In this study, we explored the mechanism of albicanol inhibition of the Cd-induced apoptosis of chicken hepatoma cells (LMH) by treating these cells with CdCl2 (25 μM) and/or albicanol (2.5 × 10-5 μg mL-1) for 24 h. Under Cd treatment, the research results showed that the apoptosis rate markedly increased in LMH cells. In addition, the iNOS activity and NO content increased significantly, which promoted the expressions of genes associated with the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway (Bax, CytC, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9) and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 in this pathway. However, Cd + albicanol co-treatment significantly reduced the apoptosis rate and the expressions of iNOS and genes associated with the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway (Bax, CytC, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9), and promoted the expression of Bcl-2 in this pathway. In addition, molecular docking supported a link between the albicanol ligand and the iNOS receptor. These results indicated that albicanol can inhibit Cd-induced apoptosis by regulating the NO/iNOS-mediated mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Guan
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Nuan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yuan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Chang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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7
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Liu J, Wang E, Jing W, Dahms HU, Murugan K, Wang L. Mitigative effects of zinc on cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity in the male freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:16282-16292. [PMID: 32124281 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly harmful environmental contaminant, which can cause reproductive toxicity. Zinc (Zn) is an essential trance element that may protect the organism from the harmful effects of Cd. However, the mechanism of Zn against Cd-induced reproductive toxicity remained to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of subchronic exposure to Cd on the relative testis weight (RTW), the histopathology, the activity of stress marker antioxidant enzymes, the level of lipid peroxidation of testis, as well as the mitigative effects of Zn on Cd-induced reproductive toxicity in male freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense. For this purpose, male crabs were divided into 10 groups including a control group (without metals) and metal exposure groups with Cd alone in three concentrations and Cd combined with Zn in six concentrations for 14 days. The results showed that Cd evoked concentration-dependent reproductive toxicity of male Sinopotamon henanense as showed by decreased RTW, appearance of morphological lesions, increased SOD, CAT, GPx activity, and MDA levels. Nevertheless, Zn combined with Cd exposure significantly alleviated Cd-induced reproductive toxicity as proved by increased RTW, reappearance of normal histological morphology, increased SOD activity, recovered CAT and GPx activity, and decreased MDA levels in testis. Our study demonstrated that the application of Zn can mitigate Cd-induced reproductive toxicity by ameliorating the testicular oxidative stress and improving the antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ermeng Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Weixin Jing
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China.
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8
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Yang X, Lin C, Cai S, Li W, Tang J, Wu X. Therapeutic effects of noni fruit water extract and polysaccharide on oxidative stress and inflammation in mice under high-fat diet. Food Funct 2020; 11:1133-1145. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01859j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to compare the therapeutic effects of noni fruit water extract (NFW) and noni fruit polysaccharide (NFP) on oxidative stress and inflammation in mice under high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Yang
- School of Public Health
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510310
- China
| | - Chunrui Lin
- School of Public Health
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510310
- China
| | - Shuang Cai
- School of Public Health
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510310
- China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Infinitus (China) Co. Ltd
- Xinhui 529156
- China
| | - Jian Tang
- Infinitus (China) Co. Ltd
- Xinhui 529156
- China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- School of Food Science
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Zhongshan 528453
- China
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De Logu F, Li Puma S, Landini L, Portelli F, Innocenti A, de Araujo DSM, Janal MN, Patacchini R, Bunnett NW, Geppetti P, Nassini R. Schwann cells expressing nociceptive channel TRPA1 orchestrate ethanol-evoked neuropathic pain in mice. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:5424-5441. [PMID: 31487269 PMCID: PMC6877331 DOI: 10.1172/jci128022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with spontaneous burning pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia. Although acetaldehyde has been implicated in the painful alcoholic neuropathy, the mechanism by which the ethanol metabolite causes pain symptoms is unknown. Acute ethanol ingestion caused delayed mechanical allodynia in mice. Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) or deletion of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a sensor for oxidative and carbonyl stress, prevented allodynia. Acetaldehyde generated by ADH in both liver and Schwann cells surrounding nociceptors was required for TRPA1-induced mechanical allodynia. Plp1-Cre Trpa1fl/fl mice with a tamoxifen-inducible specific deletion of TRPA1 in Schwann cells revealed that channel activation by acetaldehyde in these cells initiates a NADPH oxidase-1-dependent (NOX1-dependent) production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), which sustains allodynia by paracrine targeting of nociceptor TRPA1. Chronic ethanol ingestion caused prolonged mechanical allodynia and loss of intraepidermal small nerve fibers in WT mice. While Trpa1-/- or Plp1-Cre Trpa1fl/fl mice did not develop mechanical allodynia, they did not show any protection from the small-fiber neuropathy. Human Schwann cells express ADH/TRPA1/NOX1 and recapitulate the proalgesic functions of mouse Schwann cells. TRPA1 antagonists might attenuate some symptoms of alcohol-related pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Logu
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Li Puma
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Landini
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Portelli
- Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Innocenti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniel Souza Monteiro de Araujo
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Malvin N. Janal
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Riccardo Patacchini
- Department of Corporate Drug Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy
| | - Nigel W. Bunnett
- Department of Surgery and
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Romina Nassini
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Nosrati R, Kheirouri S, Ghodsi R, Ojaghi H. The effects of zinc treatment on matrix metalloproteinases: A systematic review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:107-115. [PMID: 31442948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) acts as a cofactor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and is vital for their activity and controlling their expression. Alteration of Zn in the body could affect the expression, activity, and destructive impacts of MMPs. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to summarize existing evidence on the effects of Zn treatment on the expression and activity of MMPs. METHOD International sources from Pub Med, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched for the original and English-language studies, published up to the end of May 2018. RESULTS During the initial search, 179 records were found, and 135 articles of them remained after the exclusion of duplicate articles. 47 studies met the inclusion criteria, after multiple stages of screening and critical reviews of articles. CONCLUSION Approximately 62% of the included studies (29 of 47) showed an inhibitory impact of Zn on MMPs production and activities. The inhibitory or stimulatory effect of Zn on MMPs seems to depend on physiological conditions of the cells or animals used, dose of Zn used, and duration of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Nosrati
- Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ramin Ghodsi
- Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habib Ojaghi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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11
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Li H, Malyar RM, Zhai N, Wang H, Liu K, Liu D, Pan C, Gan F, Huang K, Miao J, Chen X. Zinc supplementation alleviates OTA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in MDCK cells by up-regulating metallothioneins. Life Sci 2019; 234:116735. [PMID: 31394124 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was to investigate the protective effects of Zn supplementation in OTA-induced apoptosis of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells and explore the potential mechanisms. Aiming to provides a new insight into the treatment strategy of OTA-induced nephrotoxicity by nutritional regulation. MAIN METHODS Initially, through MTT and LDH assay revealed that Zn supplementation significantly suppressed OTA-induced cytotoxicity in MDCK cells. Then, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by using a DCFH-DA assay. Annexin V-FITC/PI, Hoechst 33258 staining and Flow cytometry were used to detect the apoptosis. The expressions of apoptosis-related molecules were determined by RT-PCR, Western blotting. Interestingly, OTA treatment slightly increased the levels of Metallothionein-1 (MT-1) and Metallothionein-2 (MT-2) by using RT-PCR, Western blotting assay; while Zn supplementation further improved the increase of MT-1 and MT-2 induced by OTA. However, the inhibitive effects of Zn supplementation were significantly blocked after double knockdown of MT-1 and MT-2 by using Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) Transfection method. KEY FINDINGS Our study provides supportive data for the potential roles of Zn in reducing OTA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in MDCK cells. SIGNIFICANCE Zn is one of the key structural components of many proteins, which plays an important role in several physiological processes such as cell survival and apoptosis. This metal is expected to contribute to the conservative and adjuvant treatment of kidney disease and should therefore be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Rahmani Mohammad Malyar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Nianhui Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiling Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
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12
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Prasad AS, Bao B. Molecular Mechanisms of Zinc as a Pro-Antioxidant Mediator: Clinical Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060164. [PMID: 31174269 PMCID: PMC6617024 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The essentiality of zinc as a trace mineral in human health has been recognized for over five decades. Zinc deficiency, caused by diet, genetic defects, or diseases, can cause growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, depressed immune response, and abnormal cognitive functions in humans. Zinc supplementation in zinc-deficient individuals can overcome or attenuate these abnormalities, suggesting zinc is an essential micro-nutrient in the body. A large number of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies indicate that zinc deficiency also causes apoptosis, cellular dysfunction, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, and depressed immune response. Oxidative stress, due to the imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and detoxification in the anti-oxidant defense system of the body, along with subsequent chronic inflammation, is believed to be associated with many chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes, heart diseases, cancers, alcohol-related disease, macular degenerative disease, and neuro-pathogenesis. A large number of experimental studies including cell culture, animal, and human clinical studies have provided supportive evidence showing that zinc acts as an anti-oxidative stress agent by inhibition of oxidation of macro-molecules such as (DNA)/ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins as well as inhibition of inflammatory response, eventually resulting in the down-regulation of (ROS) production and the improvement of human health. In this article, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms of zinc as an anti-oxidative stress agent or mediator in the body. We will also discuss the applications of zinc supplementation as an anti-oxidative stress agent or mediator in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda S Prasad
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Ko YL, Morihara D, Shibata K, Yamauchi R, Fukuda H, Kunimoto H, Takata K, Tanaka T, Inomata S, Yokoyama K, Takeyama Y, Shakado S, Sakisaka S. Factors Attenuating Zinc Deficiency Improvement in Direct-Acting Antiviral Agent-Treated Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1620. [PMID: 30400133 PMCID: PMC6266757 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency is frequently observed in chronic liver diseases. However, no studies have focused on the zinc status in chronic hepatitis C (HCV)-infected patients receiving direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs). In this retrospective study, we assessed the serum zinc status in DAA-treated HCV patients with sustained virologic response for over two years (Zn-2y). Ninety-five patients were enrolled, whose baseline characteristics and blood parameters at DAA therapy initiation were collected. Baseline Zn < 65 µg/dL (odds ratio (OR) = 10.56, p < 0.001) and baseline uric acid (UA) > 5.5 mg/dL (OR = 9.99, p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for Zn-2y deficiency. A decision-tree algorithm classified low-baseline Zn and high-baseline UA as the first two variables, suggesting that baseline hypozincemia and hyperuricemia are prognosticators for long-term zinc deficiency. Baseline Zn was negatively correlated with the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, while baseline UA was significantly higher in habitual alcohol drinkers. In conclusion, serum zinc levels should be closely monitored, considering that zinc status improvement is related to liver fibrosis regression. Hyperuricemia indicates risks of developing metabolic disorders and subsequent zinc deficiency, for which an adjustment of personal lifestyle or dietary habits should be recommended clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Ko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Morihara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Kumiko Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Ryo Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Hideo Kunimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Kazuhide Takata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Shinjiro Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Keiji Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Takeyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Shakado
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Shotaro Sakisaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
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Zhang X, Lian X, Liang D, Zhang L, Liu S, Yang L, Chi ZH, Gu H. Protective Effect of Znt7 on High Glucose-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:500-512. [DOI: 10.1159/000488697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Kabel AM. Zinc/alogliptin combination attenuates testicular toxicity induced by doxorubicin in rats: Role of oxidative stress, apoptosis and TGF-β1/NF-κB signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:439-449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Zinc deficiency as a mediator of toxic effects of alcohol abuse. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2313-2322. [PMID: 29177978 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review data on the role of ethanol-induced alteration of Zn homeostasis in mediation of adverse effects of alcohol abuse. METHODS The scholarly published articles on the association between Zn metabolism and alcohol-associated disorders (liver, brain, lung, gut dysfunction, and fetal alcohol syndrome) have been reviewed. RESULTS It is demonstrated that alcohol-induced modulation of zinc transporters results in decreased Zn levels in lungs, liver, gut, and brain. Zn deficiency in the gut results in increased gut permeability, ultimately leading to endotoxemia and systemic inflammation. Similarly, Zn deficiency in lung epithelia and alveolar macrophages decreases lung barrier function resulting in respiratory distress syndrome. In turn, increased endotoxemia significantly contributes to proinflammatory state in alcoholic liver disease. Finally, impaired gut and liver functions may play a significant role in alcoholic brain damage, being associated with both increased proinflammatory signaling and accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites. It is also hypothesized that ethanol-induced Zn deficiency may interfere with neurotransmission. Similar changes may take place in the fetus as a result of impaired placental zinc transfer, maternal zinc deficiency, or maternal Zn sequestration, resulting in fetal alcoholic syndrome. Therefore, alcoholic Zn deficiency not only mediates the adverse effects of ethanol exposure, but also provides an additional link between different alcohol-induced disorders. CONCLUSIONS Generally, current findings suggest that assessment of Zn status could be used as a diagnostic marker of metabolic disturbances in alcohol abuse, whereas modulation of Zn metabolism may be a potential tool in the treatment of alcohol-associated disorders.
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Bashandy SAE, Alaamer A, Moussa SAA, Omara EA. Role of zinc oxide nanoparticles in alleviating hepatic fibrosis and nephrotoxicity induced by thioacetamide in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 96:337-344. [PMID: 28813612 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present research studied the influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs; 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) on the liver and kidney injuries motivated by thioacetamide (TAA; 100 mg/kg, i.p.). Each treatment was carried out 3 times per week for 8 weeks. ZnO-NPs relieved the decrease of hepatic or renal reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) induced by TAA. Moreover, ZnO-NPs lowered tissue malondialdehyde (MDA, an indicator for lipid peroxidation). TAA treatment led to a significant increase in plasma inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6), liver enzymes (gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and kidney function parameters (creatinine, urea, uric acid). However, these parameters were reduced after treatment with ZnO-NPs. In addition, the hepatic fibrosis markers, hydroxyproline level, and α-smooth muscle actin immunopositive stain were lowered by ZnO-NPs. The protective effect of ZnO-NPs in respect to biochemical changes was also confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemistry studies in the liver and kidney sections. Our results suggested that ZnO-NPs may attenuate TAA toxicity via suppression of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A E Bashandy
- a Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (former EL Tahir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt. P.O.12622
| | - Abdulaziz Alaamer
- b Committee of Radiation and Environmental Pollution Protection (CREPP), Department of Physics, College of Science, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A Abdelmottaleb Moussa
- b Committee of Radiation and Environmental Pollution Protection (CREPP), Department of Physics, College of Science, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,c Biophysics Group, Biochemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (former EL Tahir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt P.O.12622
| | - Enayat A Omara
- d Department of Pathology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (former EL Tahir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt. P.O.12622
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Huang L, Teng T, Bian B, Yao W, Yu X, Wang Z, Xu Z, Sun Y. Zinc Levels in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 176:48-55. [PMID: 27452612 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is one of the most important trace elements in the body and zinc homeostasis plays a critical role in maintaining cellular structure and function. Zinc dyshomeostasis can lead to many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to investigate whether there is a relationship between zinc and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). A total of 519 patients was enrolled and their serum zinc levels were measured in this study. We performed analyses on the relationship between zinc levels and LVH and the four LV geometry pattern patients: normal LV geometry, concentric remodeling, eccentric LVH, and concentric LVH. We performed further linear and multiple regression analyses to confirm the relationship between zinc and left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and relative wall thickness (RWT). Our data showed that zinc levels were 710.2 ± 243.0 μg/L in the control group and were 641.9 ± 215.2 μg/L in LVH patients. We observed that zinc levels were 715 ± 243.5 μg/L, 694.2 ± 242.7 μg/L, 643.7 ± 225.0 μg/L, and 638.7 ± 197.0 μg/L in normal LV geometry, concentric remodeling, eccentric LVH, and concentric LVH patients, respectively. We further found that there was a significant inverse linear relationship between zinc and LVM (p = 0.001) and LVMI (p = 0.000) but did not show a significant relationship with RWT (p = 0.561). Multiple regression analyses confirmed that the linear relationship between zinc and LVM and LVMI remained inversely significant. The present study revealed that serum zinc levels were significantly decreased in the LVH patients, especially in the eccentric LVH and concentric LVH patients. Furthermore, zinc levels were significantly inversely correlated with LVM and LVMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Tianming Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Bo Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xuefang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zhuoqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Yuemin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Zhang X, Liang D, Lian X, Chi ZH, Wang X, Zhao Y, Ping Z. Effect of zinc deficiency on mouse renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5245-5252. [PMID: 27779665 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the final common pathway of the majority of chronic progressive renal diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Zinc, an essential dietary element, has been suggested to be important for a number of protein functions during fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. However, the effect of zinc deficiency (ZnD) on renal interstitial fibrosis in DN remains unclear. The present study investigated the effect and the underlying mechanisms of ZnD on renal interstitial fibrosis during DN using an streptozotocin‑induced model of diabetes with immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis. The present study identified that dietary zinc restriction significantly decreased zinc concentrations in the plasma and mouse kidney. ZnD enhanced albuminuria and extracellular matrix protein expression, associated with diabetic renal interstitial fibrosis by activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts and regulation of the expression of fibrosis‑associated factors, which may be mediated by the activation of fibroblasts via the TGF‑β/Smad signaling pathway. The data indicates that ZnD serves an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms of renal interstitial fibrosis during the development of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liang
- Troops of 95935 Unit, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150111, P.R. China
| | - Xu Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hong Chi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Ping
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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Dietary Flavonoid Hyperoside Induces Apoptosis of Activated Human LX-2 Hepatic Stellate Cell by Suppressing Canonical NF-κB Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1068528. [PMID: 27110557 PMCID: PMC4826685 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1068528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperoside, an active compound found in plants of the genera Hypericum and Crataegus, is reported to exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Induction of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) apoptosis is recognized as a promising strategy for attenuation of hepatic fibrosis. In this study, we investigated whether hyperoside treatment can exert antifibrotic effects in human LX-2 hepatic stellate cells. We found that hyperoside induced apoptosis in LX-2 cells and decreased levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), type I collagen, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Remarkably, hyperoside also inhibited the DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor NF-κB and altered expression levels of NF-κB-regulated genes related to apoptosis, including proapoptotic genes Bcl-Xs, DR4, Fas, and FasL and anti-apoptotic genes A20, c-IAP1, Bcl-XL, and RIP1. Our results suggest that hyperoside may have potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Wang ZG, Dou XB, Zhou ZX, Song ZY. Adipose tissue-liver axis in alcoholic liver disease. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2016; 7:17-26. [PMID: 26909225 PMCID: PMC4753183 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v7.i1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains an important health problem worldwide. The disease spectrum is featured by early steatosis, steatohepatitis (steatosis with inflammatory cells infiltration and necrosis), with some individuals ultimately progressing to fibrosis/cirrhosis. Although the disease progression is well characterized, no effective therapies are currently available for the treatment in humans. The mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of ALD are multifactorial and complex. Emerging evidence supports that adipose tissue dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of ALD. In the first part of this review, we discuss the mechanisms whereby chronic alcohol exposure contributed to adipose tissue dysfunction, including cell death, inflammation and insulin resistance. It has been long known that aberrant hepatic methionine metabolism is a major metabolic abnormality induced by chronic alcohol exposure and plays an etiological role in the pathogenesis of ALD. The recent studies in our group documented the similar metabolic effect of chronic alcohol drinking on methionine in adipose tissue. In the second part of this review, we also briefly discuss the recent research progress in the field with a focus on how abnormal methionine metabolism in adipose tissue contributes to adipose tissue dysfunction and liver damage.
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CYP2E1- and TNFalpha/LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Alcoholic Liver Disease. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-015-0092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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ZHANG XIULI, LIANG DAN, ZHI-HONG CHI, QINGQING CHU, CHENGHAI ZHAO, RONG-ZHENG MA, YUE ZHAO, HONGJUAN LI. Effect of zinc on high glucose-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1747-54. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Yang KT, Lin C, Liu CW, Chen YC. Effects of chicken-liver hydrolysates on lipid metabolism in a high-fat diet. Food Chem 2014; 160:148-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chang YY, Lin YL, Yang DJ, Liu CW, Hsu CL, Tzang BS, Chen YC. Hepatoprotection of noni juice against chronic alcohol consumption: lipid homeostasis, antioxidation, alcohol clearance, and anti-inflammation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11016-11024. [PMID: 24152092 DOI: 10.1021/jf4038419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption leads to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Naturally fermented noni juice (NJ) contains polyphenols, polysaccharides, and some trace minerals. This study explored protective effects of NJ against chronic alcohol consumption. Mice were assigned randomly to one of the following groups: (1) control, control liquid diet and distilled water; (2) alcohol, alcohol liquid diet and distilled water; (3) Alc+NJ_1X, alcohol liquid diet and 5 mL NJ/kg BW; (4) Alc+NJ_2X, alcohol liquid diet and 10 mL NJ/kg BW; (5) Alc+NJ_3X, alcohol and 15 mL NJ/kg BW for 4 weeks. NJ decreased (p < 0.05) serum AST, ALT, and alcohol levels and liver lipids, as well as increased (p < 0.05) daily fecal lipid outputs in alcohol-diet fed mice. NJ supplementation not only down-regulated (p < 0.05) lipogenesis but also up-regulated (p < 0.05) fatty acid β-oxidation in livers of alcohol-diet fed mice. NJ also accelerated alcohol clearance via increased (p < 0.05) hepatic ADH and ALDH activities. NJ increased (p < 0.05) hepatic TEAC and GSH levels but decreased (p < 0.05) TBARS value and TLR2/4, P38, ERK 1/2, NFκB P65, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β expressions in alcohol-diet fed mice. NJ promotes hepatoprotection against alcohol-induced injury due to regulations of lipid homeostasis, antioxidant status, alcohol metabolism, and anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yen Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University , Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Tamaki M, Fujitani Y, Hara A, Uchida T, Tamura Y, Takeno K, Kawaguchi M, Watanabe T, Ogihara T, Fukunaka A, Shimizu T, Mita T, Kanazawa A, Imaizumi MO, Abe T, Kiyonari H, Hojyo S, Fukada T, Kawauchi T, Nagamatsu S, Hirano T, Kawamori R, Watada H. The diabetes-susceptible gene SLC30A8/ZnT8 regulates hepatic insulin clearance. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4513-24. [PMID: 24051378 DOI: 10.1172/jci68807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies demonstrated that common variants of solute carrier family 30 member 8 gene (SLC30A8) increase susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. SLC30A8 encodes zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8), which delivers zinc ion from the cytoplasm into insulin granules. Although it is well known that insulin granules contain high amounts of zinc, the physiological role of secreted zinc remains elusive. In this study, we generated mice with β cell-specific Slc30a8 deficiency (ZnT8KO mice) and demonstrated an unexpected functional linkage between Slc30a8 deletion and hepatic insulin clearance. The ZnT8KO mice had low peripheral blood insulin levels, despite insulin hypersecretion from pancreatic β cells. We also demonstrated that a substantial amount of the hypersecreted insulin was degraded during its first passage through the liver. Consistent with these findings, ZnT8KO mice and human individuals carrying rs13266634, a major risk allele of SLC30A8, exhibited increased insulin clearance, as assessed by c-peptide/insulin ratio. Furthermore, we demonstrated that zinc secreted in concert with insulin suppressed hepatic insulin clearance by inhibiting clathrin-dependent insulin endocytosis. Our results indicate that SLC30A8 regulates hepatic insulin clearance and that genetic dysregulation of this system may play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
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Mei XT, Xu DH, Xu SK, Zheng YP, Xu SB. Zinc(II)-curcumin accelerates the healing of acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcers in rats by decreasing oxidative stress and downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:448-54. [PMID: 23933360 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gastric ulcers form as a result of a multifaceted process which includes acid secretion, reactive oxygen species generation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the anti-ulcerogenic effects of the Zn(II)-curcumin complex, a curcumin derivative, on the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats. The severely ulcerated gastric mucosa of control animals had a lower glutathione level (GSH) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to sham operated rats (P<0.001). Zn(II)-curcumin solid dispersions (equivalent to 12, 24 and 48 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced the gastric ulcer index, significantly increased SOD activity and GSH levels, and reduced the MDA content and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA expression in the gastric mucosa (P<0.05, compared to control animals). Zn(II)-curcumin exerted a greater anti-ulcerogenic effect than curcumin at the same dose (24 mg/kg), leading to a reduced severity of gastric ulcers, lower MDA content, and increased SOD activity and GSH levels (P<0.05). In conclusion, these results confirm that the Zn(II)-curcumin complex possesses an enhanced mucosal barrier defense activity compared to curcumin alone, due to its synergistic ability to decrease oxidative stress and attenuate MMP-9-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ting Mei
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Tsuru M, Soejima T, Shiba N, Kimura K, Sato K, Toyama Y, Nagata K. Proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein converts stem cells to ligament tissue and Zn(II) influences its nuclear expression. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2057-70. [PMID: 23442027 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to facilitate ligament tissue reconstruction by characterizing the mechanism of expression of ligament tissue. To accomplish this, we searched for proteins specific to the tissue and introduced them into mesenchymal stem cells. In the two-dimensional phosphorescent gel electrophoresis, the spots in common with the normal human ligament tissue were selected after removing the spots of the normal bone tissue from those of the ossified tissue in the spinal ligament. Proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein (PRELP) was identified in ligament-specific locations by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Transfection of PRELP into mouse mesenchymal stem cells yielded ligament-like connective tissue comprised of parallel fibers. Thus, expression of the PRELP protein could reconstruct the ligament tissue. Since zinc-related proteins were found with high incidence as a result of an array analysis of PRELP's ProtoArray, it was considered that there is a relationship to the zinc metabolism. Tissue induction was mediated by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α via the zinc pathway. PRELP may be a useful gene in syndesmoplasty, provided zinc is present for tissue reconstruction. Chromosome division becomes active with the addition of zinc, and rapid tissue induction takes place in the presence of zinc and TNF-α. Currently, the reconstruction of a ruptured ligament tissue is difficult, but we expect that the PRELP protein expression may facilitate this process. This study describes the discovery of the gene responsible for the differentiation of stem cells into ligament tissue. This important finding may lead to treatments for gonarthrosis, cruciate ligament, and periodontal ligament ruptures, and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Tsuru
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan.
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El-Tawil AM. Epidemiology and inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:1505-7. [PMID: 23539486 PMCID: PMC3602465 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i10.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of alcohol in causing or aggravating the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is unclear. For finding a conclusive answer for this valuable question we conducted this review. Only two studies were identified that successfully fulfilled our inclusive criteria. Usual consumption of alcohol reduced the risk compared with less frequent use (odds ratio = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.37-0.86). Light alcoholic drinking has protective effects against development of ulcerative colitis. But this inverse association disappeared when smoking was included.
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Zhang X, Wang J, Fan Y, Yang L, Wang L, Ma J. Zinc supplementation attenuates high glucose-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:229-35. [PMID: 22639383 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) plays an important role in preventing many types of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-driven fibrosis in vivo. But its function in the EMT of the peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) remains unknown. Here, we studied the Zn effect on the high glucose (HG)-induced EMT in the rat PMCs (RPMCs) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that Zn supplementation significantly inhibited TGF-β1 and ROS production, and attenuated the HG-induced EMT in the RPMCs, likely through inhibition of MAPK, NF-κB, and TGF-β/Smad pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155th Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
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Szuster-Ciesielska A, Plewka K, Kandefer-Szerszeń M. Betulin, betulinic acid and butein are inhibitors of acetaldehyde-induced activation of liver stellate cells. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 63:1109-23. [PMID: 22180353 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis has been reported to be inhibited in vivo by oleanolic and ursolic acids; however, the activity of other triterpenes like betulin and betulinic acid has not been examined. Butein has also been reported to prevent and partly reverse liver fibrosis in vivo, although its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the antifibrotic potential of butein, betulin, and betulinic acid and examine their mechanisms of action in vitro. This study was conducted in rat stellate cells (HSCs) that were treated with acetaldehyde, which is the most reactive product of ethanol metabolism. Butein, betulin, and betulinic acid were preincubated with rat HSCs at non-toxic concentrations. Treatment effects were measured in regard to acetaldehyde-induced toxicity and cell migration, and several markers of HSC activation were evaluated, including smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) and procollagen I expression. In addition, changes in the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and tumor growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and changes in the production of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) were determined. In vitro, HSCs were protected against acetaldehyde-induced toxicity by betulin but not by betulinic acid and butein. However, butein, betulin, and betulinic acid inhibited the production of ROS by HSCs treated with acetaldehyde and inhibited their migration. Butein also inhibited acetaldehyde-induced TGF-β1 production. Butein, betulin, and betulinic acid down-regulated acetaldehyde-induced production of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Betulin decreased the acetaldehyde-induced activity of MMP-2, but butein and betulinic acid did not. The results indicated that butein, betulin, and betulinic acid inhibited the acetaldehyde-induced activation of HSCs. Each drug functioned in a different manner, whereby some were acting as either antioxidants or inhibitors of TIMPs expression and butein additionally acted as an inhibitor of TGF-β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szuster-Ciesielska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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A novel fused 1,2,4-triazine aryl derivative as antioxidant and nonselective antagonist of adenosine A(2A) receptors in ethanol-activated liver stellate cells. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 195:18-24. [PMID: 22063920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been detected that hepatic adenosine A(2A) receptors play an active role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis and suggest a novel therapeutic target in the treatment and prevention of hepatic cirrhosis. In this paper we examined if our new triazine derivative (IMT) can inhibit ethanol-induced activation of HSCs measured as increased α-SMA, collagen synthesis and enhanced oxidative stress in rat liver stellate cells. We also investigated its influence on cytokines (TGF-β, TNF-α) synthesis, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 production and ethanol-induced intracellular signal transduction. Moreover, with using of known adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist (CGS 21680), and antagonist (SCH 58261) we examined if this triazine derivative acts on adenosine receptors. We detected a strong antagonistic action of new triazine derivative (IMT) on ethanol-induced rat liver stellate cells activation, observed as a significant decrease in α-SMA, collagen synthesis, reactive oxygen species production, TGF-β, TNF-α, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 production as well as JNK, p38MAPK, NFκB, IκB, Smad3 phosphorylation. Moreover, IMT strongly inhibited activation of stellate cells by known selective agonist of adenosine A(2A) receptor (CGS 21680). When known A(2A) receptor antagonist (SCH 58261) was used together with IMT this effect was not spectacular. Additionally, only slight enhancement of inhibition was observed when cells were pretreated both IMT with SCH 58261, hence we suppose that IMT acts as nonselective antagonist of A(2A) receptors, and, besides its antioxidant activity, also by this way inhibited ethanol-induced stellate cell activation.
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Cederbaum AI, Yang L, Wang X, Wu D. CYP2E1 Sensitizes the Liver to LPS- and TNF α-Induced Toxicity via Elevated Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Activation of ASK-1 and JNK Mitogen-Activated Kinases. Int J Hepatol 2011; 2012:582790. [PMID: 22028977 PMCID: PMC3199085 DOI: 10.1155/2012/582790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which alcohol causes cell injury are not clear. A major mechanism is the role of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in alcohol toxicity. Many pathways have been suggested to play a role in how alcohol induces oxidative stress. Considerable attention has been given to alcohol elevated production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNFα and to alcohol induction of CYP2E1. These two pathways are not exclusive of each other; however, interactions between them, have not been extensively evaluated. Increased oxidative stress from induction of CYP2E1 sensitizes hepatocytes to LPS and TNFα toxicity and oxidants, activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and p38 and JNK MAP kinases, and mitochondrial dysfunction are downstream mediators of this CYP2E1-LPS/TNFα-potentiated hepatotoxicity. This paper will summarize studies showing potentiated interactions between these two risk factors in promoting liver injury and the mechanisms involved including activation of the mitogen-activated kinase kinase kinase ASK-1. Decreasing either cytosolic or mitochondrial thioredoxin in HepG2 cells expressing CYP2E1 causes loss of cell viability and elevated oxidative stress via an ASK-1/JNK-dependent mechanism. We hypothesize that similar interactions occur as a result of ethanol induction of CYP2E1 and TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur I. Cederbaum
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, P.O. Box 1603, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, P.O. Box 1603, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, P.O. Box 1603, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Defeng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, P.O. Box 1603, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Wagner W, Sachrajda I, Pułaski Ł, Hałatek T, Dastych J. Application of cellular biosensors for analysis of bioactivity associated with airborne particulate matter. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1132-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Protective effect of zinc against cadmium hepatotoxicity depends on this bioelement intake and level of cadmium exposure: a study in a rat model. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 193:191-203. [PMID: 21627960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It was estimated, in a rat model of moderate and relatively high chronic human exposure to cadmium (Cd), whether enhanced zinc (Zn) consumption may prevent Cd-induced liver injury and if the possible protective effect of this bioelement depends on its intake. For this purpose, the structure and function of the liver of the rats that received Zn (30 and 60mg/l) or/and Cd (5 and 50mg/l) for 6months were evaluated. The treatment with Cd led to, dependent on the exposure level, pathological changes in the liver, including enhanced apoptosis and induction of inflammatory and necrotic processes. Moreover, the serum activities of hepatic marker enzymes (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase) and the concentration of proinflammatory cytokine - tumor necrosis factor α were increased. The supplementation with 30 and 60mg Zn/l (enhancing daily Zn intake by 79% and 151%, respectively) partially or totally prevented from some of the Cd-induced changes in the liver structure and function; however, it provided no protection from necrosis, and the administration of 60mg Zn/l during the higher Cd exposure even intensified this process. At both levels of Cd treatment, the use of 30mg Zn/l was more effective in preventing liver injury than that of 60mg Zn/l. The hepatoprotective impact of Zn may be explained, at least partly, by its antioxidative, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory action, ability to stimulate regenerative processes in the liver tissue, and indirect action resulting in a decrease in the liver pool of the non-metallothionein-bound Cd(2+) ions able to exert toxic action. The results provide strong evidence that enhanced Zn consumption may be beneficial in protection from Cd hepatotoxicity; however, its excessive intake at relatively high exposure to Cd may intensify liver injury.
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Insights into the development of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis at Soweto, South Africa: a controlled cross-sectional study. Pancreas 2011; 40:508-16. [PMID: 21499204 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e318214f94a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We asked why so few working-class Africans of Soweto have chronic pancreatitis (CP) when alcoholism is the norm. METHODS Twenty-one alcoholics with acute psychosis but normal pancreas were investigated for lifestyle, micronutrient status, electrophilic stress, and iron overload. RESULTS Alcoholics consumed more ethanol daily than did 14 previously studied patients with CP (P = 0.003); cigarette usage was similar; both groups had even poorer vitamin C status than 14 healthy controls, and no participant had iron overload. The CP group had higher scores for exposure to occupational xenobiotics than did alcoholics (P < 0.05), with lower plasma glutathione (P = 0.047) and urinary inorganic sulfate (P = 0.009). Further analysis identified hyperhomocysteinemia in the alcoholic set, with lower vitamin B12 (P < 0.001), higher folic acid (P = 0.003), and similar vitamin B6 levels compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS The transition from alcoholism to CP in Soweto is associated with occupational exposure to xenobiotics. Among detoxification systems that are strained thereby, glutathione and inorganic sulfate depend on methionine intake, which is ample in Sowetans, whereas vitamin C, which exerts a glutathione-sparing effect, is deficient. Hence, a daily tablet of vitamin C may enable community prophylaxis against the disease--but homocysteine status would need monitoring.
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Li J, Fan R, Zhao S, Liu L, Guo S, Wu N, Zhang W, Chen P. Reactive oxygen species released from hypoxic hepatocytes regulates MMP-2 expression in hepatic stellate cells. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:2434-47. [PMID: 21731450 PMCID: PMC3127126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12042434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common environmental stress factor and is associated with fibrogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), produced by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), plays an important role in liver fibrogenesis. However, inconsistent results have been reported on the impact of hypoxia on MMP-2 expression and activity in HSCs. We speculated that cell-cell interaction is involved in the regulation of MMP-2 expression and activity at low oxygen level in vivo. Therefore, in this report we investigated the mechanism by which hypoxic hepatocytes regulates MMP-2 expression in HSCs. Our results showed that the conditioned medium from hypoxia-treated rat hepatocytes strongly induced the expression of MMP-2 mRNA and protein in rat HSC-T6 cells. Reduced glutathione neutralized ROS released from hypoxic hepatocytes, leading to reduced MMP-2 expression in HSC-T6 cells. In addition, phospho-IκB-α protein level was increased in HSC-T6 cells treated with hypoxia conditioned medium, and NF-κB signaling inhibitor inhibited MMP-2 expression in HSC-T6 cells. Taken together, our data suggest that ROS is an important factor released by hypoxic hepatocytes to regulate MMP-2 expression in HSCs, and NF-κB signaling is crucially involved in ROS-induced MMP-2 expression in HSCs. Our findings suggest that strategies aimed at antagonizing the generation of ROS in hypoxic hepatocytes and inhibiting NF-κB signaling in HSCs may represent novel therapeutic options for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; E-Mails: (J.L.); (R.F.); (L.L.); (N.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; E-Mails: (J.L.); (R.F.); (L.L.); (N.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Susu Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing 210029, China; E-Mail:
| | - Leilei Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; E-Mails: (J.L.); (R.F.); (L.L.); (N.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; E-Mails: (J.L.); (R.F.); (L.L.); (N.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; E-Mails: (J.L.); (R.F.); (L.L.); (N.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Wandong Zhang
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Pingsheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; E-Mails: (J.L.); (R.F.); (L.L.); (N.W.); (S.G.)
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Zinc protects against indomethacin-induced damage in the rat small intestine. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 654:106-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Liu Y, Brymora J, Zhang H, Smith B, Ramezani-Moghadam M, George J, Wang J. Leptin and acetaldehyde synergistically promotes αSMA expression in hepatic stellate cells by an interleukin 6-dependent mechanism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 35:921-8. [PMID: 21294755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms whereby patients with obesity/overweight are more susceptible to alcohol-associated liver fibrosis are unclear. Leptin, a peptide hormone secreted by white adipose tissue is increased in association with overweight/obesity and is recognized as mediator of liver fibrosis. We sought to assess whether leptin contributes to alcoholic liver fibrosis by in vitro studies in hepatic stellate cells (HSC). METHODS Rat HSCs in second or third passage were utilised. Leptin, Acetaldehyde or combination with leptin and acetaldehyde were incubated for specific periods in cultured HSCs. Profibrogenic gene and protein expression were determined and associated-signalling pathways were assessed. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) antibody neutralization was used to evaluate the role of IL-6. RESULTS Leptin did not promote acetaldehyde-induced gene expression of collagen I, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) in vitro. However, combined treatment of leptin with acetaldehyde synergistically enhanced the protein expression of smooth muscle actin (αSMA), an activation marker of HSCs, and of Interleukin-6 (IL-6). The combination of leptin and acetaldehyde also augmented MAPK/p38 and MAPK/ERK1/2 phosphoprotein expression. IL-6 neutralization down-regulated protein expression of pp38, pERK1/2 and αSMA, while exogenous rat recombinant IL-6 administration up-regulated αSMA. Similarly, MAPK/p38 and MAPK/ERK1/2 inhibition attenuated αSMA expression. H(2)O(2) induction by acetaldehyde was not potentiated by co-treatment with leptin nor did IL-6 neutralization reduce acetaldehyde-induced H(2)O(2) production. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that leptin potentiates acetaldehyde-induced HSC activation and αSMA expression by an IL-6-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdi Liu
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Australia
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Matsui H, Oyama TM, Okano Y, Hashimoto E, Kawanai T, Oyama Y. Low micromolar zinc exerts cytotoxic action under H2O2-induced oxidative stress: excessive increase in intracellular Zn2+ concentration. Toxicology 2010; 276:27-32. [PMID: 20603178 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of zinc to retard oxidative processes has been recognized for many years. However, zinc is cytotoxic under certain oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the effect of H2O2 on intracellular Zn2+ concentration of rat thymocytes and its relation to the cytotoxicity. Experiments were cytometrically performed by the use of fluorescent probes, propidium iodide, FluoZin-3-AM, and 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate. ZnCl2 potentiated cytotoxicity of H2O2 while TPEN, a chelator for intracellular Zn2+, attenuated it. Results suggested an involvement of intracellular Zn2+ in the cytotoxicity of H2O2. H2O2 at concentrations of 30microM or more (up to 1000microM) significantly increased intracellular Zn2+ concentration. There were two mechanisms. (1) H2O2 decreased cellular content of nonprotein thiols, possibly resulting in release of Zn2+ from thiols as cellular Zn2+ binding sites. (2) H2O2 increased membrane Zn2+ permeability because external ZnCl2 application further elevated intracellular Zn2+ concentration. Micromolar H2O2 may induce excessive elevation of intracellular Zn2+ concentration that is harmful to cellular functions. However, the incubation with micromolar ZnCl2 alone increased cellular content of nonprotein thiols, one of the factors protecting cells against oxidative stress. Though zinc is generally considered to be protective with its antioxidant property, this study reveals the toxic effect of zinc even in micromolar range under oxidative stress induced by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Matsui
- Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Ohata S, Moriyama C, Yamashita A, Nishida T, Kusumoto C, Mochida S, Minami Y, Nakada J, Shomori K, Inagaki Y, Ohta Y, Matsura T. Polaprezinc Protects Mice against Endotoxin Shock. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010; 46:234-43. [PMID: 20490319 PMCID: PMC2872229 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.09-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polaprezinc (PZ), a chelate compound consisting of zinc and l-carnosine (Car), is an anti-ulcer drug developed in Japan. In the present study, we investigated whether PZ suppresses mortality, pulmonary inflammation, and plasma nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in endotoxin shock mice after peritoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and how PZ protects against LPS-induced endotoxin shock. PZ pretreatment inhibited the decrease in the survival rate of mice after LPS injection. PZ inhibited the increases in plasma NO as well as TNF-α after LPS. Compatibly, PZ suppressed LPS-induced inducible NO synthase mRNA transcription in the mouse lungs. PZ also improved LPS-induced lung injury. However, PZ did not enhance the induction of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 in the mouse lungs after LPS. Pretreatment of RAW264 cells with PZ suppressed the production of NO and TNF-α after LPS addition. This inhibition likely resulted from the inhibitory effect of PZ on LPS-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. Zinc sulfate, but not Car, suppressed NO production after LPS. These results indicate that PZ, in particular its zinc subcomponent, inhibits LPS-induced endotoxin shock via the inhibition of NF-κB activation and subsequent induction of proinflammatory products such as NO and TNF-α, but not HSP induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzo Ohata
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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Keen CL, Uriu-Adams JY, Skalny A, Grabeklis A, Grabeklis S, Green K, Yevtushok L, Wertelecki WW, Chambers CD. The plausibility of maternal nutritional status being a contributing factor to the risk for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: the potential influence of zinc status as an example. Biofactors 2010; 36:125-35. [PMID: 20333752 PMCID: PMC2927848 DOI: 10.1002/biof.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that human pregnancy outcome can be significantly compromised by suboptimal maternal nutritional status. Poor diet results in a maternal-fetal environment in which the teratogenicity of other insults such as alcohol might be amplified. As an example, there is evidence that zinc (Zn) can interact with maternal alcohol exposure to influence the risk for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Studies with experimental animals have shown that the teratogenicity of alcohol is increased under conditions of Zn deficiency, whereas its teratogenicity is lessened when animals are given Zn-supplemented diets or Zn injections before the alcohol exposure. Alcohol can precipitate an acute-phase response, resulting in a subsequent increase in maternal liver metallothionein, which can sequester Zn and lead to decreased Zn transfer to the fetus. Importantly, the teratogenicity of acute alcohol exposure is reduced in metallothionein knockout mice, which can have improved Zn transfer to the conceptus relative to wild-type mice. Consistent with the above, Zn status has been reported to be low in alcoholic women at delivery. Preliminary data from two basic science and clinical nutritional studies that are ongoing as part of the international Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders support the potential role of Zn, among other nutritional factors, relative to risk for FASD. Importantly, the nutrient levels being examined in these studies are relevant to general clinical populations and represent suboptimal levels rather than severe deficiencies. These data suggest that moderate deficiencies in single nutrients can act as permissive factors for FASD, and that adequate nutritional status or intervention through supplementation may provide protection from some of the adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl L Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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