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Ge H, Wang C, Tian C, Diao Y, Wang W, Ma X, Zhang J, Li H, Zhao Z, Zhu L. Efficacy of WWQ-131, a highly selective JAK2 inhibitor, in mouse models of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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2
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Senkevitch E, Durum S. The promise of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Cytokine 2016; 98:33-41. [PMID: 28277287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinases (JAK) are a family of kinases that play an essential role in cytokine signaling and are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and hematological malignancies. As a result, the JAKs have become attractive therapeutic targets. The discovery of a JAK2 point mutation (JAK2 V617F) as the main cause of polycythemia vera lead to the development and FDA approval of a JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, in 2011. This review focuses on the various JAK and associated components aberrations implicated in myeloproliferative neoplasms, leukemias, and lymphomas. In addition to ruxolitinib, other JAK inhibitors are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for treating hematological malignancies. The use of JAK inhibitors alone or in combination therapy should be considered as a way to deliver targeted therapy to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilee Senkevitch
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Scott Durum
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States.
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3
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Kim MK, Kim KD, Chong Y. De Novo Design of 2-Amino-4-Alkylaminoquinazoline-7-Carboxamides as Potential Scaffold for JAK1-Selective Inhibitors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.11.3377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Sathe RY, Kulkarni SA, Sella RN, Madhavan T. Computational identification of JAK2 inhibitors: a combined pharmacophore mapping and molecular docking approach. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Thiophene carboxamide inhibitors of JAK2 as potential treatments for myleoproliferative neoplasms. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1968-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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6
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Siu T, Kumarasinghe SE, Altman MD, Katcher M, Northrup A, White C, Rosenstein C, Mathur A, Xu L, Chan G, Bachman E, Bouthillette M, Dinsmore CJ, Marshall CG, Young JR. The discovery of reverse tricyclic pyridone JAK2 inhibitors. Part 2: lead optimization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1466-71. [PMID: 24582987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This communication discusses the discovery of novel reverse tricyclic pyridones as inhibitors of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). By using a kinase cross screening approach coupled with molecular modeling, a unique inhibitor-water interaction was discovered to impart excellent broad kinase selectivity. Improvements in intrinsic potency were achieved by utilizing a rapid library approach, while targeted structural changes to lower lipophilicity led to improved rat pharmacokinetics. This multi-pronged approach led to the identification of 31, which demonstrated encouraging rat pharmacokinetics, in vivo potency, and excellent off-target kinase selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Siu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | - Michael D Altman
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Katcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan Northrup
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catherine White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Craig Rosenstein
- Department of In Vitro Sciences, Merck & Co., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anjili Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck & Co., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of In Vitro Sciences, Merck & Co., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric Bachman
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck & Co., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melaney Bouthillette
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher J Dinsmore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - C Gary Marshall
- Department of Oncology, Merck & Co., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan R Young
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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7
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Menet CJ, Rompaey LV, Geney R. Advances in the discovery of selective JAK inhibitors. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2013; 52:153-223. [PMID: 23384668 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62652-3.00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the biology of the JAKs. The JAK family comprises the four nonreceptor tyrosine kinases JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and Tyk2, all key players in the signal transduction from cytokine receptors to transcription factor activation. We also review the progresses made towards the optimization of JAK inhibitors and the importance of their selectivity profile. Indeed, the full array of many medicinal chemistry enabling tools (HTS, X-ray crystallography, scaffold morphing, etc.) has been deployed to successfully design molecules that discriminate among JAK family and other kinases. While the first JAK inhibitor was launched in 2011, this review also summarizes the status of several other small-molecule JAK inhibitors currently in development to treat arthritis, psoriasis, organ rejection, and multiple cancer types.
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Stine RR, Matunis EL. JAK-STAT signaling in stem cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 786:247-67. [PMID: 23696361 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6621-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are essential for the regeneration and repair of tissues in an organism. Signals from many different pathways converge to regulate stem cell maintenance and differentiation while preventing overproliferation. Although each population of adult stem cells is unique, common themes arise by comparing the regulation of various stem cell types in an organism or by comparing similar stem cell types across species. The JAK-STAT signaling pathway, identified nearly two decades ago, is now known to be involved in many biological processes including the regulation of stem cells. Studies in Drosophila first implicated JAK-STAT signaling in the control of stem cell maintenance in the male germline stem cell microenvironment, or niche; subsequently it has been shown play a role in other niches in both Drosophila and mammals. In this chapter, we will address the role of JAK-STAT signaling in stem cells in the germline, intestinal, hematopoietic and neuronal niches in Drosophila as well as the hematopoietic and neuronal niches in mammals. We will comment on how the study of JAK-STAT signaling in invertebrate systems has helped to advance our understanding of signaling in vertebrates. In addition to the role of JAK- STAT signaling in stem cell niche homeostasis, we will also discuss the diseases, including cancers, that can arise when this pathway is misregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Stine
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
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Abstract
The JAK family of protein tyrosine kinases are now recognized as important participants in a wide range of pathologies, from cancer to inflammatory diseases. In the last decade, the drive to develop drugs targeting members of this family has begun to deliver a panel of small molecule inhibitors of JAK family members, with a range of potencies and specificities. A number of these compounds have already found widespread use as biochemical tools in the elucidation of JAK activity in specific signaling and disease processes; however, many of the first generation compounds are poorly characterized with suboptimal potencies and selectivities.Herein, we present the data for those small molecule JAK inhibitors that have been described in the peer-reviewed literature and the benefits and potential issues that may be associated with the use of these tool compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Burns
- Chemical Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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10
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Kraus M, Wang Y, Aleksandrowicz D, Bachman E, Szewczak AA, Walker D, Xu L, Bouthillette M, Childers KM, Dolinski B, Haidle AM, Kopinja J, Lee L, Lim J, Little KD, Ma Y, Mathur A, Mo JR, O’Hare E, Otte RD, Taoka BM, Wang W, Yin H, Zabierek AA, Zhang W, Zhao S, Zhu J, Young JR, Marshall CG. Efficacious intermittent dosing of a novel JAK2 inhibitor in mouse models of polycythemia vera. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37207. [PMID: 22623993 PMCID: PMC3356383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A high percentage of patients with the myeloproliferative disorder polycythemia vera (PV) harbor a Val617→Phe activating mutation in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene, and both cell culture and mouse models have established a functional role for this mutation in the development of this disease. We describe the properties of MRLB-11055, a highly potent inhibitor of both the WT and V617F forms of JAK2, that has therapeutic efficacy in erythropoietin (EPO)-driven and JAK2V617F-driven mouse models of PV. In cultured cells, MRLB-11055 blocked proliferation and induced apoptosis in a manner consistent with JAK2 pathway inhibition. MRLB-11055 effectively prevented EPO-induced STAT5 activation in the peripheral blood of acutely dosed mice, and could prevent EPO-induced splenomegaly and erythrocytosis in chronically dosed mice. In a bone marrow reconstituted JAK2V617F-luciferase murine PV model, MRLB-11055 rapidly reduced the burden of JAK2V617F-expressing cells from both the spleen and the bone marrow. Using real-time in vivo imaging, we examined the kinetics of disease regression and resurgence, enabling the development of an intermittent dosing schedule that achieved significant reductions in both erythroid and myeloid populations with minimal impact on lymphoid cells. Our studies provide a rationale for the use of non-continuous treatment to provide optimal therapy for PV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Kraus
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuxun Wang
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dan Aleksandrowicz
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric Bachman
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alexander A. Szewczak
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Deborah Walker
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lin Xu
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melaney Bouthillette
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kaleen M. Childers
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brian Dolinski
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew M. Haidle
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Johnny Kopinja
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Linda Lee
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jongwon Lim
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. Little
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yanhong Ma
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anjili Mathur
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jan-Rung Mo
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erin O’Hare
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ryan D. Otte
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brandon M. Taoka
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wenxian Wang
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hong Yin
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna A. Zabierek
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Weisheng Zhang
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shuxia Zhao
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joe Zhu
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Young
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CGM); (JRY)
| | - C. Gary Marshall
- Departments of DMPK, in vitro Sciences, in vivo Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CGM); (JRY)
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11
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Jatiani SS, Cosenza SC, Reddy MVR, Ha JH, Baker SJ, Samanta AK, Olnes MJ, Pfannes L, Sloand EM, Arlinghaus RB, Reddy EP. A Non-ATP-Competitive Dual Inhibitor of JAK2 and BCR-ABL Kinases: Elucidation of a Novel Therapeutic Spectrum Based on Substrate Competitive Inhibition. Genes Cancer 2011; 1:331-45. [PMID: 20717479 DOI: 10.1177/1947601910371337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report the discovery of ON044580, an α-benzoyl styryl benzyl sulfide that possesses potent inhibitory activity against two unrelated kinases, JAK2 and BCR-ABL, and exhibits cytotoxicity to human tumor cells derived from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and myelodysplasia (MDS) patients or cells harboring a mutant JAK2 kinase. This novel spectrum of activity is explained by the non-ATP-competitive inhibition of JAK2 and BCR-ABL kinases. ON044580 inhibits mutant JAK2 kinase and the proliferation of JAK2(V617F)-positive leukemic cells and blocks the IL-3-mediated phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT5. Interestingly, this compound also directly inhibits the kinase activity of both wild-type and imatinib-resistant (T315I) forms of the BCR-ABL kinase. Finally, ON044580 effectively induces apoptosis of imatinib-resistant CML patient cells. The apparently unrelated JAK2 and BCR-ABL kinases share a common substrate, STAT5, and such substrate competitive inhibitors represent an alternative therapeutic strategy for development of new inhibitors. The novel mechanism of kinase inhibition exhibited by ON044580 renders it effective against mutant forms of kinases such as the BCR-ABL(T315I) and JAK2(V617F). Importantly, ON044580 selectively reduces the number of aneuploid cells in primary bone marrow samples from monosomy 7 MDS patients, suggesting another regulatory cascade amenable to this agent in these aberrant cells. Data presented suggest that this compound could have multiple therapeutic applications including monosomy 7 MDS, imatinib-resistant CML, and myeloproliferative neoplasms that develop resistance to ATP-competitive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashidhar S Jatiani
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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12
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Lim J, Taoka B, Otte RD, Spencer K, Dinsmore CJ, Altman MD, Chan G, Rosenstein C, Sharma S, Su HP, Szewczak AA, Xu L, Yin H, Zugay-Murphy J, Marshall CG, Young JR. Discovery of 1-amino-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-4-carboxamide inhibitors of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) for the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7334-49. [PMID: 21942426 DOI: 10.1021/jm200909u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The JAK-STAT pathway mediates signaling by cytokines, which control survival, proliferation, and differentiation of a variety of cells. In recent years, a single point mutation (V617F) in the tyrosine kinase JAK2 was found to be present with a high incidence in myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). This mutation led to hyperactivation of JAK2, cytokine-independent signaling, and subsequent activation of downstream signaling networks. The genetic, biological, and physiological evidence suggests that JAK2 inhibitors could be effective in treating MPDs. De novo design efforts of new scaffolds identified 1-amino-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-4-carboxamides as a new viable lead series. Subsequent optimization of cell potency, metabolic stability, and off-target activities of the leads led to the discovery of 7-(2-aminopyrimidin-5-yl)-1-{[(1R)-1-cyclopropyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]amino}-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole-4-carboxamide (65). Compound 65 is a potent, orally active inhibitor of JAK2 with excellent selectivity, PK profile, and in vivo efficacy in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwon Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
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13
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Siu T, Kozina ES, Jung J, Rosenstein C, Mathur A, Altman MD, Chan G, Xu L, Bachman E, Mo JR, Bouthillette M, Rush T, Dinsmore CJ, Marshall CG, Young JR. The discovery of tricyclic pyridone JAK2 inhibitors. Part 1: hit to lead. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7421-5. [PMID: 21044843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the discovery and design of a novel class of JAK2 inhibitors. Furthermore, we detail the optimization of a screening hit using ligand binding efficiency and log D. These efforts led to the identification of compound 41, which demonstrates in vivo activity in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Siu
- Department of Chemistry, Merck & Co., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Baffert F, Régnier CH, De Pover A, Pissot-Soldermann C, Tavares GA, Blasco F, Brueggen J, Chène P, Drueckes P, Erdmann D, Furet P, Gerspacher M, Lang M, Ledieu D, Nolan L, Ruetz S, Trappe J, Vangrevelinghe E, Wartmann M, Wyder L, Hofmann F, Radimerski T. Potent and selective inhibition of polycythemia by the quinoxaline JAK2 inhibitor NVP-BSK805. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:1945-55. [PMID: 20587663 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of an acquired activating point mutation in JAK2, substituting valine at amino acid position 617 for phenylalanine, has greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. Strikingly, the JAK2(V617F) mutation is found in nearly all patients suffering from polycythemia vera and in roughly every second patient suffering from essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. Thus, JAK2 represents a promising target for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms and considerable efforts are ongoing to discover and develop inhibitors of the kinase. Here, we report potent inhibition of JAK2(V617F) and JAK2 wild-type enzymes by a novel substituted quinoxaline, NVP-BSK805, which acts in an ATP-competitive manner. Within the JAK family, NVP-BSK805 displays more than 20-fold selectivity towards JAK2 in vitro, as well as excellent selectivity in broader kinase profiling. The compound blunts constitutive STAT5 phosphorylation in JAK2(V617F)-bearing cells, with concomitant suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. In vivo, NVP-BSK805 exhibited good oral bioavailability and a long half-life. The inhibitor was efficacious in suppressing leukemic cell spreading and splenomegaly in a Ba/F3 JAK2(V617F) cell-driven mouse mechanistic model. Furthermore, NVP-BSK805 potently suppressed recombinant human erythropoietin-induced polycythemia and extramedullary erythropoiesis in mice and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Baffert
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Kiss R, Sayeski PP, Keserũ GM. Recent developments on JAK2 inhibitors: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:471-95. [PMID: 20205617 DOI: 10.1517/13543771003639436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD JAK2 is one of the most promising targets against neoplastic growth. A somatic mutation (V617F) resulting in enhanced JAK2 kinase activity can be frequently found in patients with serious myeloproliferative neoplasms such as polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. Preclinical results strongly support that JAK2 inhibitors could be effectively used in these indications. Pharmaceutical companies and academic groups have developed a number of potent JAK2 inhibitors during the last decade. Tolerability and effectiveness of the most promising compounds are currently being investigated in clinical trials. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW In this paper, we aim to give a comprehensive review of the currently available patent literature of JAK2 inhibitors. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN We tried to collect the published core structures possessing JAK2 inhibitory potency including compounds developed by academic and industrial research groups. We review the currently available patent literature as well as the key papers containing additional information about the described JAK2 inhibitors. Clinical status data were collected by searching the Prous Integrity and Pharmaprojects databases. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The significant number of JAK2 inhibitors published and numerous clinical trials involving these compounds suggest that some of them might be approved in the next few years and can serve as novel drugs for the treatment of JAK2-dependent pathologies.
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16
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Haan C, Behrmann I, Haan S. Perspectives for the use of structural information and chemical genetics to develop inhibitors of Janus kinases. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 14:504-27. [PMID: 20132407 PMCID: PMC3823453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the genes encoding Janus kinases have been discovered in various haematologic diseases. Jaks are composed of a FERM domain, an SH2 domain, a pseudokinase domain and a kinase domain, and a complex interplay of the Jak domains is involved in regulation of catalytic activity and association to cytokine receptors. Most activating mutations are found in the pseudokinase domain. Here we present recently discovered mutations in the context of our structural models of the respective domains. We describe two structural hotspots in the pseudokinase domain of Jak2 that seem to be associated either to myeloproliferation or to lymphoblastic leukaemia, pointing at the involvement of distinct signalling complexes in these disease settings. The different domains of Jaks are discussed as potential drug targets. We present currently available inhibitors targeting Jaks and indicate structural differences in the kinase domains of the different Jaks that may be exploited in the development of specific inhibitors. Moreover, we discuss recent chemical genetic approaches which can be applied to Jaks to better understand the role of these kinases in their biological settings and as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Haan
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 162A, av. de la Faïencerie, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Mo JR, Mathur A, Angagaw M, Zhao S, Wang Y, Gargano D, DiBacco A, Bachman ES. Splenectomy normalizes hematocrit in murine polycythemia vera. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7286. [PMID: 19789710 PMCID: PMC2749451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Splenic enlargement (splenomegaly) develops in numerous disease states, although a specific pathogenic role for the spleen has rarely been described. In polycythemia vera (PV), an activating mutation in Janus kinase 2 (JAK2V617) induces splenomegaly and an increase in hematocrit. Splenectomy is sparingly performed in patients with PV, however, due to surgical complications. Thus, the role of the spleen in the pathogenesis of human PV remains unknown. We specifically tested the role of the spleen in the pathogenesis of PV by performing either sham (SH) or splenectomy (SPL) surgeries in a murine model of JAK2V617F-driven PV. Compared to SH-operated mice, which rapidly develop high hematocrits after JAK2V617F transplantation, SPL mice completely fail to develop this phenotype. Disease burden (JAK2V617) is equivalent in the bone marrow of SH and SPL mice, however, and both groups develop fibrosis and osteosclerosis. If SPL is performed after PV is established, hematocrit rapidly declines to normal even though myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis again develop independently in the bone marrow. In contrast, SPL only blunts hematocrit elevation in secondary, erythropoietin-induced polycythemia. We conclude that the spleen is required for an elevated hematocrit in murine, JAK2V617F-driven PV, and propose that this phenotype of PV may require a specific interaction between mutant cells and the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Rung Mo
- Departments of Oncology-Pharmacology, Lab Animal Research and Pharmacology Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anjili Mathur
- Departments of Oncology-Pharmacology, Lab Animal Research and Pharmacology Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Minilik Angagaw
- Departments of Oncology-Pharmacology, Lab Animal Research and Pharmacology Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shuxia Zhao
- Departments of Oncology-Pharmacology, Lab Animal Research and Pharmacology Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuxun Wang
- Departments of Oncology-Pharmacology, Lab Animal Research and Pharmacology Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Diana Gargano
- Departments of Oncology-Pharmacology, Lab Animal Research and Pharmacology Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alessandra DiBacco
- Departments of Oncology-Pharmacology, Lab Animal Research and Pharmacology Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric S. Bachman
- Departments of Oncology-Pharmacology, Lab Animal Research and Pharmacology Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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