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Peng Z, Gillissen B, Richter A, Sinnberg T, Schlaak MS, Eberle J. Enhanced Apoptosis and Loss of Cell Viability in Melanoma Cells by Combined Inhibition of ERK and Mcl-1 Is Related to Loss of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, Caspase Activation and Upregulation of Proapoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054961. [PMID: 36902392 PMCID: PMC10002974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting of MAP kinase pathways by BRAF inhibitors has evolved as a key therapy for BRAF-mutated melanoma. However, it cannot be applied for BRAF-WT melanoma, and also, in BRAF-mutated melanoma, tumor relapse often follows after an initial phase of tumor regression. Inhibition of MAP kinase pathways downstream at ERK1/2, or inhibitors of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, such as Mcl-1, may serve as alternative strategies. As shown here, the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib and the ERK inhibitor SCH772984 showed only limited efficacy in melanoma cell lines, when applied alone. However, in combination with the Mcl-1 inhibitor S63845, the effects of vemurafenib were strongly enhanced in BRAF-mutated cell lines, and the effects of SCH772984 were enhanced in both BRAF-mutated and BRAF-WT cells. This resulted in up to 90% loss of cell viability and cell proliferation, as well as in induction of apoptosis in up to 60% of cells. The combination of SCH772984/S63845 resulted in caspase activation, processing of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), phosphorylation of histone H2AX, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome c release. Proving the critical role of caspases, a pan-caspase inhibitor suppressed apoptosis induction, as well as loss of cell viability. As concerning Bcl-2 family proteins, SCH772984 enhanced expression of the proapoptotic Bim and Puma, as well as decreased phosphorylation of Bad. The combination finally resulted in downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and enhanced expression of the proapoptotic Noxa. In conclusion, combined inhibition of ERK and Mcl-1 revealed an impressive efficacy both in BRAF-mutated and WT melanoma cells, and may thus represent a new strategy for overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Peng
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Clinical Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Bernhard Gillissen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Richter
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Max S. Schlaak
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eberle
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Zhu J, Gillissen B, Dang Tran DL, May S, Ulrich C, Stockfleth E, Eberle J. Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Cell Viability by Sinecatechins in Cutaneous SCC Cells Is Related to an Imbalance of ROS and Loss of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071416. [PMID: 35883905 PMCID: PMC9312260 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The term sinecatechins designates an extract containing a high percentage of catechins obtained from green tea, which is commercially registered as Veregen or Polyphenon E (PE) and may be considered for treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and actinic keratosis (AK). As shown here, treatment of four cSCC cell lines with 200 µg/mL of PE resulted in strong, dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation (20–30%) as well as strongly decreased cell viability (4–21% of controls, 48 h). Effects correlated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas early apoptosis was less pronounced. At the protein level, some activation of caspase-3 and enhanced expression of the CDK inhibitor p21 were found. Loss of MMP and induced cell death were, however, largely independent of caspases and of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins Bax and Bak, suggesting that sinecatechins induce also non-apoptotic, alternative cell death pathways, in addition to apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were downregulated in response to PE at 4 h, followed by an increase at 24 h. The contributory role of initially reduced ROS was supported by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine, which in combination with PE further enhanced the negative effects on cell viability. Thus, sinecatechins inhibited cell proliferation and viability of cSCC cells, which could suggest the use of PE for AK treatment. The mechanisms appear as linked to an imbalance of ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhu
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.Z.); (D.L.D.T.); (S.M.); (C.U.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China
| | - Bernd Gillissen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Dieu Linh Dang Tran
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.Z.); (D.L.D.T.); (S.M.); (C.U.)
- Beuth-Hochschule für Technik Berlin–University of Applied Sciences, Luxemburger Str. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie May
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.Z.); (D.L.D.T.); (S.M.); (C.U.)
| | - Claas Ulrich
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.Z.); (D.L.D.T.); (S.M.); (C.U.)
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Klinikum Bochum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Eberle
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.Z.); (D.L.D.T.); (S.M.); (C.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-518-383
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Crucial Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) for the Proapoptotic Effects of Indirubin Derivatives in Cutaneous SCC Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101514. [PMID: 34679649 PMCID: PMC8532942 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient drugs are needed for countering the worldwide high incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and actinic keratosis. Indirubin derivatives represent promising candidates, but their effects in cSCC cells have not been reported before. Here, we investigated the efficacy of three indirubin derivatives (DKP-071, -073 and -184) in four cSCC cell lines. High efficacy was seen in SCL-I, SCL-II, SCC-12 and SCC-13, resulting in up to 80% loss of cell proliferation, 60% loss of cell viability and 30% induced apoptosis (10 µM). Apoptosis was further enhanced in combinations with TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) appeared as critical for these effects. Thus, antioxidative pretreatment completely abolished apoptosis as well as restored cell proliferation and viability. Concerning the pathways, complete activation of caspases cascades (caspases-3, -4, -6, -7, -8 and -9), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of proapoptotic PKCδ (protein kinase C delta), inhibition of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), downregulation of antiapoptotic XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) and survivin as well as upregulation of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 protein Puma and the cell cycle inhibitor p21 were obtained. Importantly, all activation steps were prevented by antioxidants, thus proving ROS as a master regulator of indirubins' antitumor effects. ROS induction presently develops as an important issue in anticancer therapy.
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Autophagy Inhibition in BRAF-Driven Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143498. [PMID: 34298710 PMCID: PMC8306561 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary BRAF is a protein kinase that is frequently mutationally activated in cancer. Mutant BRAF can be pharmacologically inhibited, which in combination with blockade of its direct effector, MEK1/2, is an FDA-approved therapeutic strategy for several BRAF-mutated cancer patients, such as melanoma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and thyroid cancer. However, therapy resistance is a major clinical challenge, highlighting the need for comprehensive investigations on the biological causes of such resistance, as well as to develop novel therapeutic strategies to improve patient survival. Autophagy is a cellular recycling process, which has been shown to allow cancer cells to escape from BRAF inhibition. Combined blockade of autophagy and BRAF signaling is a novel therapeutic strategy that is currently being tested in clinical trials. This review describes the relationship between BRAF-targeted therapy and autophagy regulation and discusses possible future treatment strategies. Abstract Several BRAF-driven cancers, including advanced BRAFV600E/K-driven melanoma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and thyroid cancer, are currently treated using first-line inhibitor combinations of BRAFV600E plus MEK1/2. However, despite the success of this vertical inhibition strategy, the durability of patient response is often limited by the phenomenon of primary or acquired drug resistance. It has recently been shown that autophagy, a conserved cellular recycling process, is increased in BRAF-driven melanoma upon inhibition of BRAFV600E signaling. Autophagy is believed to promote tumor progression of established tumors and also to protect cancer cells from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. To this end, BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi)-resistant cells often display increased autophagy compared to responsive lines. Several mechanisms have been proposed for BRAFi-induced autophagy, such as activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress gatekeeper GRP78, AMP-activated protein kinase, and transcriptional regulation of the autophagy regulating transcription factors TFEB and TFE3 via ERK1/2 or mTOR inhibition. This review describes the relationship between BRAF-targeted therapy and autophagy regulation, and discusses possible future treatment strategies of combined inhibition of oncogenic signaling plus autophagy for BRAF-driven cancers.
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Sumarni U, Reidel U, Eberle J. Targeting Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cells by Ingenol Mebutate (PEP005) Correlates with PKCδ Activation, ROS Induction as Well as Downregulation of XIAP and c-FLIP. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050987. [PMID: 33922439 PMCID: PMC8146015 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies are needed for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), and the plant extract ingenol mebutate (PEP005) may be considered. PEP005 has been approved for actinic keratosis, and proapoptotic activities were described in different cancer cells. Here, we aimed to investigate its efficacy in four CTCL cell lines and its mode of action. While HuT-78 and HH responded with induced apoptosis as well as with loss of cell viability and cell proliferation, MyLa and SeAx remained resistant. Interestingly, both sensitive and resistant cells showed caspase-8 activation and enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while final caspase-3 activation was restricted to sensitive cells. Apoptosis induction was prevented by the caspase inhibitor QVD-Oph as well as by the antioxidant vitamin E. Caspase activation by PEP005 may be explained to some extent by the downregulation of the caspase antagonistic proteins c-FLIP and XIAP in sensitive cells, whereas both proteins were strongly expressed in resistant cells. Finally, PEP005 resulted in the activation of proapoptotic PKCδ, and the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I reduced apoptosis, caspase-3 processing and ROS production, as well as restored cell viability. In conclusion, PKCδ appeared as a central player in apoptosis regulation in CTCL cells, also suggesting its therapeutic targeting.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Diterpenes/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Protein Kinase C-delta/genetics
- Protein Kinase C-delta/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
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High ROS Production by Celecoxib and Enhanced Sensitivity for Death Ligand-Induced Apoptosis in Cutaneous SCC Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073622. [PMID: 33807213 PMCID: PMC8036359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and actinic keratosis has increased worldwide, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as celecoxib are considered for treatment. We show here strong anti-proliferative effects of celecoxib in four cSCC cell lines, while apoptosis and cell viability largely remained unaffected. Impeded apoptosis was overcome in combinations with agonistic CD95 antibody or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), resulting in up to 60% apoptosis and almost complete loss of cell viability. Proapoptotic caspase cascades were activated, and apoptosis was suppressed by caspase inhibition. TRAIL receptor (DR5) and proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (Puma and Bad) were upregulated, while anti-apoptotic factors (survivin, XIAP, cFLIP, Mcl-1, and Bcl-w) were downregulated. Strongly elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) turned out as particularly characteristic for celecoxib, appearing already after 2 h. ROS production alone was not sufficient for apoptosis induction but may play a critical role in sensitizing cancer cells for apoptosis and therapy. Thus, the full therapeutic potential of celecoxib may be better used in combinations with death ligands. Furthermore, the immune response against cSCC/AK may be improved by celecoxib, and combinations with checkpoint inhibitors, recently approved for the treatment of cSCC, may be considered.
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Manoalide Shows Mutual Interaction between Cellular and Mitochondrial Reactive Species with Apoptosis in Oral Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6667355. [PMID: 33747349 PMCID: PMC7943270 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6667355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that marine sponge-derived manoalide induced antiproliferation and apoptosis of oral cancer cells as well as reactive species generations probed by dichloro-dihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and MitoSOX Red. However, the sources of cellular and mitochondrial redox stresses and the mutual interacting effects between these redox stresses and apoptosis remain unclear. To address this issue, we examined a panel of reactive species and used the inhibitors of cellular reactive species (N-acetylcysteine (NAC)), mitochondrial reactive species (MitoTEMPO), and apoptosis (Z-VAD-FMK; ZVAD) to explore their interactions in manoalide-treated oral cancer Ca9-22 and CAL 27 cells. Hydroxyl (˙OH), nitrogen dioxide (NO2˙), nitric oxide (˙NO), carbonate radical-anion (CO3 ˙-), peroxynitrite (ONOO-), and superoxide (O2 ˙-) were increased in oral cancer cells following manoalide treatments in terms of fluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Cellular reactive species (˙OH, NO2 ·, ˙NO, CO3 ˙-, and ONOO-) as well as cellular and mitochondrial reactive species (O2 ˙-) were induced in oral cancer cells following manoalide treatment for 6 h. NAC, MitoTEMPO, and ZVAD inhibit manoalide-induced apoptosis in terms of annexin V and pancaspase activity assays. Moreover, NAC inhibits mitochondrial reactive species and MitoTEMPO inhibits cellular reactive species, suggesting that cellular and mitochondrial reactive species can crosstalk to regulate each other. ZVAD shows suppressing effects on the generation of both cellular and mitochondrial reactive species. In conclusion, manoalide induces reciprocally activation between cellular and mitochondrial reactive species and apoptosis in oral cancer cells.
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Rocco D, Busto N, Pérez‐Arnaiz C, Biancalana L, Zacchini S, Pampaloni G, Garcia B, Marchetti F. Antiproliferative and bactericidal activity of diiron and monoiron cyclopentadienyl carbonyl complexes comprising a vinyl‐aminoalkylidene unit. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Rocco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13, I‐56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Natalia Busto
- Departamento de Química Universidad de Burgos Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Cristina Pérez‐Arnaiz
- Departamento de Química Universidad de Burgos Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13, I‐56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna Viale Risorgimento 4, I‐40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13, I‐56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Begoña Garcia
- Departamento de Química Universidad de Burgos Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13, I‐56124 Pisa Italy
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Basu U, Roy M, Chakravarty AR. Recent advances in the chemistry of iron-based chemotherapeutic agents. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Eberle J. Countering TRAIL Resistance in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050656. [PMID: 31083589 PMCID: PMC6562618 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma of the skin has become a prime example for demonstrating the success of targeted cancer therapy. Nevertheless, high mortality has remained, mainly related to tumor heterogeneity and inducible therapy resistance. But the development of new therapeutic strategies and combinations has raised hope of finally defeating this deadly disease. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) represents a promising antitumor strategy. The principal sensitivity of melanoma cells for TRAIL was demonstrated in previous studies; however, inducible resistance appeared as a major problem. To address this issue, combination strategies were tested, and survival pathway inhibitors were shown to sensitize melanoma cells for TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Finally, cell cycle inhibition was identified as a common principle of TRAIL sensitization in melanoma cells. Mitochondrial apoptosis pathways, pro- and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins as well as the rheostat consisted of Smac (Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase) and XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) appeared to be of particular importance. Furthermore, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was recognized in this setting. Inducible TRAIL resistance in melanoma can be explained by (i) high levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, (ii) high levels of XIAP, and (iii) suppressed Bax activity. These hurdles have to be overcome to enable the use of TRAIL in melanoma therapy. Several strategies appear as particularly promising, including new TRAIL receptor agonists, Smac and BH3 mimetics, as well as selective kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Eberle
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (University Medical Center Charité), 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Lkhagvasuren K, Kim JK. Ziyuglycoside II induces caspases-dependent and caspases-independent apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 59:255-262. [PMID: 31029785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of chemopreventive approaches using natural products including phytochemicals is a potentially useful cancer treatment. The aims of this study were to examine the apoptotic effects of ziyuglycoside II, a major bioactive compound isolated from Sanguisorba officinalis L., on human colon cancer cells. The anticancer effect of ziyuglycoside II was examined in HCT116 (as p53 normal cells) and SW480 (as p53 mutant cells) colon cancer cells. Ziyuglycoside II treatment decreased HCT116 and SW480 cell proliferation. Cell death following ziyuglycoside II treatment was predominantly apoptosis but not cell cycle arrest. Apoptosis caused by p53 phosphorylation following ziyuglycoside II treatment in HCT116 cells involved activation of caspases, increased expression of BAX, mitochondrial cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) release, while BCL-2 became down-regulated. In contrast, ziyuglycoside II treated SW480 cells displayed no change in phosphorylated-p53 and activation of caspases. Overall, these results suggest that ziyuglycoside II induces apoptosis through caspase-dependent and caspases-independent apoptosis, which was characterized by decreased expression of BCL-2, mitochondrial targeting, and altered production of ROS and translocation of AIF to the nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaliunaa Lkhagvasuren
- Department of Biomedical Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan-Si 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan-Si 38430, Republic of Korea.
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Karakas D, Cevatemre B, Oral AY, Yilmaz VT, Ulukaya E. Unfolded Protein Response is Involved in Trans-Platinum (II) Complex-Induced Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells via ROS Accumulation. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:1184-1195. [PMID: 30963984 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190409103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer types and it is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide. Even though novel treatment modalities have been developed, it still a lifethreatening disease. Therefore novel compounds are needed to improve the overall survival. METHODS In our study, it was aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of newly synthesized Platinum (II) [Pt(II)] complex on DU145, LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic activity of Pt(II) complex was tested by SRB and ATP cell viability assays. To detect the mode of cell death; fluorescent staining, flow cytometry and western blot analyses were performed. RESULTS The Pt(II) complex treatment resulted in a decrease in cell viability and increasing levels of apoptotic markers (pyknotic nuclei, annexin-V, caspase 3/7 activity) and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose dependent manner. Among cell types, tested PC-3 cells were found to be more sensitive to Pt(II) complex, demonstrating elevation of DNA damage in this cell line. In addition, Pt(II) complex induced Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress by triggering ROS generation. More importantly, pre-treatment with NAC alleviated Pt(II) complex-mediated ER stress and cell death in PC-3. CONCLUSION These findings suggest an upstream role of ROS production in Pt(II) complex-induced ER stressmediated apoptotic cell death. Considering the ROS-mediated apoptosis inducing the effect of Pt(II) complex, it warrants further evaluation as a novel metal-containing anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Karakas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Buse Cevatemre
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.,Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Y Oral
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Veysel T Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical School, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Zaki M, Hairat S, Aazam ES. Scope of organometallic compounds based on transition metal-arene systems as anticancer agents: starting from the classical paradigm to targeting multiple strategies. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3239-3278. [PMID: 35518979 PMCID: PMC9060267 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07926a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of the clinically approved drug cisplatin started a new era in the design of metallodrugs for cancer chemotherapy. However, to date, there has not been much success in this field due to the persistence of some side effects and multi-drug resistance of cancer cells. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the design of metal chemotherapeutics using organometallic complexes due to their good stability and unique properties in comparison to normal coordination complexes. Their intermediate properties between that of traditional inorganic and organic materials provide researchers with a new platform for the development of more promising cancer therapeutics. Classical metal-based drugs exert their therapeutic potential by targeting only DNA, but in the case of organometallic complexes, their molecular target is quite distinct to avoid drug resistance by cancer cells. Some organometallic drugs act by targeting a protein or inhibition of enzymes such as thioredoxin reductase (TrRx), while some target mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. In this review, we mainly discuss organometallic complexes of Ru, Ti, Au, Fe and Os and their mechanisms of action and how new approaches improve their therapeutic potential towards various cancer phenotypes. Herein, we discuss the role of structure-reactivity relationships in enhancing the anticancer potential of drugs for the benefit of humans both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, we also include in vivo tumor models that mimic human physiology to accelerate the development of more efficient clinical organometallic chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehvash Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudia Arabia +91 8979086156, +966 561835672
| | - Suboot Hairat
- Department of Biotechnology, Wachemo University Hossana Ethiopia
| | - Elham S Aazam
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudia Arabia +91 8979086156, +966 561835672
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15
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Pasqual-Melo G, Gandhirajan RK, Stoffels I, Bekeschus S. Targeting malignant melanoma with physical plasmas. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Lopes KRF, Praxedes ECG, Campos LB, Bezerra MB, Lima GL, Saraiva MVA, Silva AR. Vitrification of ovarian tissue of Brazilian North-eastern donkeys (Equus asinus
) using different cryoprotectants. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:1060-1067. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Regina F. Lopes
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation-LCGA; Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido-UFERSA; Mossoró RN Brazil
| | - Erica Camila G. Praxedes
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation-LCGA; Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido-UFERSA; Mossoró RN Brazil
| | - Livia B. Campos
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation-LCGA; Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido-UFERSA; Mossoró RN Brazil
| | - Marcelo B. Bezerra
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation-LCGA; Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido-UFERSA; Mossoró RN Brazil
| | - Gabriela L. Lima
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation-LCGA; Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido-UFERSA; Mossoró RN Brazil
| | - Márcia Viviane A. Saraiva
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation-LCGA; Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido-UFERSA; Mossoró RN Brazil
| | - Alexandre R. Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation-LCGA; Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido-UFERSA; Mossoró RN Brazil
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17
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Wang P, Wang ZY. Metal ions influx is a double edged sword for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:265-290. [PMID: 27829171 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia in aged people, which is defined by two pathological characteristics: β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Although the mechanisms of AD development are still being debated, a series of evidence supports the idea that metals, such as copper, iron, zinc, magnesium and aluminium, are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, the processes of Aβ deposition in senile plaques (SP) and the inclusion of phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are markedly influenced by alterations in the homeostasis of the aforementioned metal ions. Moreover, the mechanisms of oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, autophagy and apoptosis mediate the effects of metal ions-induced the aggregation state of Aβ and phosphorylated tau on AD development. More importantly, imbalance of these mechanisms finally caused cognitive decline in different experiment models. Collectively, reconstructing the signaling network that regulates AD progression by metal ions may provide novel insights for developing chelators specific for metal ions to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
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18
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Mignani S, El Brahmi N, Eloy L, Poupon J, Nicolas V, Steinmetz A, El Kazzouli S, Bousmina MM, Blanchard-Desce M, Caminade AM, Majoral JP, Cresteil T. Anticancer copper(II) phosphorus dendrimers are potent proapoptotic Bax activators. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 132:142-156. [PMID: 28350998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A multivalent phosphorus dendrimer 1G3 and its corresponding Cu-complex, 1G3-Cu have been recently identified as agents retaining high antiproliferative potency. This antiproliferative capacity was preserved in cell lines overexpressing the efflux pump ABC B1, whereas cross-resistance was observed in ovarian cancer cell lines resistant to cisplatin. Theoretical 3D models were constructed: the dendrimers appear as irregularly shaped disk-like nano-objects of about 22 Å thickness and 49 Å diameter, which accumulated in cells after penetration by endocytosis. To get insight in their mode of action, cell death pathways have been examined in human cancer cell lines: early apoptosis was followed by secondary necrosis after multivalent phosphorus dendrimers exposure. The multivalent plain phosphorus dendrimer 1G3 moderately activated caspase-3 activity, in contrast with the multivalent Cu-conjugated phosphorus dendrimer 1G3-Cu which strikingly reduced the caspase-3 content and activity. This decrease of caspase activity is not related to the presence of copper, since inorganic copper has no or little effect on caspase-3. Conversely the potent apoptosis activation could be related to a noticeable translocation of Bax to the mitochondria, resulting in the release of AIF into the cytosol, its translocation to the nucleus and a severe DNA fragmentation, without alteration of the cell cycle. The multivalent Cu-conjugated phosphorus dendrimer is more efficient than its non-complexed analog to activate this pathway in close relationship with the higher antiproliferative potency. Therefore, this multivalent Cu-conjugated phosphorus dendrimer 1G3-Cu can be considered as a new and promising first-in-class antiproliferative agent with a distinctive mode of action, inducing apoptosis tumor cell death through Bax activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mignani
- Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie pharmacologiques et toxicologiques, 45, rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Euromed Research Institute, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, 30000, Fès, Morocco; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse UPS, INPT, F 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Laure Eloy
- ICSN-CNRS UPR 2301, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Joel Poupon
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Valérie Nicolas
- IPSIT, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Anke Steinmetz
- Sanofi R&D, LGCR, Centre de Recherche Vitry-Alfortville, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France
| | - Said El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Institute, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, 30000, Fès, Morocco
| | - Mosto M Bousmina
- Euromed Research Institute, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, 30000, Fès, Morocco
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, Talence, France
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse UPS, INPT, F 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse UPS, INPT, F 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - Thierry Cresteil
- ICSN-CNRS UPR 2301, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France; IPSIT, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France.
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19
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Bauer D, Werth F, Nguyen HA, Kiecker F, Eberle J. Critical role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for synergistic enhancement of apoptosis by vemurafenib and the potassium channel inhibitor TRAM-34 in melanoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2594. [PMID: 28151482 PMCID: PMC5386497 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of MAP kinase pathways by selective BRAF inhibitors, such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib, have evolved as key therapies of BRAF-mutated melanoma. However, tumor relapse and therapy resistance have remained as major problems, which may be addressed by combination with other pathway inhibitors. Here we identified the potassium channel inhibitor TRAM-34 as highly effective in combination with vemurafenib. Thus apoptosis was significantly enhanced and cell viability was decreased. The combination vemurafenib/TRAM-34 was also effective in vemurafenib-resistant cells, suggesting that acquired resistance may be overcome. Vemurafenib decreased ERK phosphorylation, suppressed antiapoptotic Mcl-1 and enhanced proapoptotic Puma and Bim. The combination resulted in enhancement of proapoptotic pathways as caspase-3 and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Indicating a special mechanism of vemurafenib-induced apoptosis, we found strong enhancement of intracellular ROS levels already at 1 h of treatment. The critical role of ROS was demonstrated by the antioxidant vitamin E (α-tocopherol), which decreased intracellular ROS as well as apoptosis. Also caspase activation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were suppressed, proving ROS as an upstream effect. Thus ROS represents an initial and independent apoptosis pathway in melanoma cells that is of particular importance for vemurafenib and its combination with TRAM-34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology und Allergology, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Master's Program, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Werth
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology und Allergology, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ha An Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology und Allergology, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Master's Program, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Kiecker
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology und Allergology, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eberle
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology und Allergology, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Sampaio da Silva AM, Bruno JB, de Lima LF, Ribeiro de Sá NA, Lunardi FO, Ferreira ACA, Vieira Correia HH, de Aguiar FLN, Araújo VR, Lobo CH, de Alencar Araripe Moura A, Campello CC, Smitz J, de Figueiredo JR, Ribeiro Rodrigues AP. Connexin 37 and 43 gene and protein expression and developmental competence of isolated ovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro after vitrification of ovarian tissue. Theriogenology 2016; 85:1457-67. [PMID: 26876055 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cryoinjuries caused by vitrification of tissues and organs lead to the loss of membrane proteins that mediate intercellular communications, such as connexins 37 (Cx37) and 43 (Cx43). Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate ovine Cx37 and Cx43 gene and protein expressions and developmental competence by in vitro-cultured secondary follicles retrieved from vitrified ovarian tissue. Ovarian fragments for the same ovary pair were distributed into six treatments: (1) fresh ovarian tissue (FOT); (2) vitrified ovarian tissue (VOT); (3) isolated follicles from fresh ovarian tissue (FIF); (4) isolated follicles from vitrified ovarian tissue; (5) isolated follicles from fresh ovarian tissue followed by in vitro culture (CFIF); (6) isolated follicles from vitrified ovarian tissue followed by in vitro culture (CVIF). In all treatments, Cx37 and Cx43 gene and protein expression patterns were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry. In addition, secondary follicles were analyzed according to follicular integrity and growth, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. In vitro-cultured secondary follicles (CFIF and CVIF) were evaluated based on morphology (extruded follicles), antrum formation, and viability. The percentage of intact follicles was higher, whereas antrum formation, oocyte extrusion rate, and follicle viability were lower in CVIF than in CFIF treatment (P < 0.05). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphates nick end-labeling assay demonstrated that apoptosis was absent in FIF, whereas follicles from all other treatments showed positive labeling. Cell proliferation index was higher in isolated follicles from vitrified ovarian tissue and CVIF treatments than in follicles from FIF. Expression of Cx43 messenger RNA was lower in CVIF treatment when compared with follicles from all other treatments (P < 0.05). Follicle Cx37 messenger RNA levels did not show alterations in any treatment (P > 0.05). Cx37 and Cx43 immunolabeling was localized mainly on granulosa cells and oocytes, respectively. In conclusion, isolation of ovine secondary follicles could be done successfully after vitrification of ovarian tissue, and the basement membrane integrity remained intact after in vitro culture. Although the gene and protein expression of Cx37 did not change after vitrification of ovarian tissue, Cx43 turned out to be altered in secondary follicles after vitrification and in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamily Bezerra Bruno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Laritza Ferreira de Lima
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Valdevane Rocha Araújo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Lobo
- Group of Research in Biology of Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará UFC, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Arlindo de Alencar Araripe Moura
- Group of Research in Biology of Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará UFC, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Cabral Campello
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Johan Smitz
- Follicle Biology Laboratory, Center for Reproductive Medicine, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Poh HT, Ho PC, Fan WY. Cyclopentadienyl iron dicarbonyl (CpFe(CO)2) derivatives as apoptosis-inducing agents. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23891a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CpFe(CO)2 complexes kill cancer cells while leaving normal cells unharmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. T. Poh
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Kent Ridge
- Singapore 117543
| | - P. C. Ho
- Department of Pharmacy
- National University of Singapore
- Kent Ridge
- Singapore 117543
| | - W. Y. Fan
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Kent Ridge
- Singapore 117543
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22
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Wani WA, Baig U, Shreaz S, Shiekh RA, Iqbal PF, Jameel E, Ahmad A, Mohd-Setapar SH, Mushtaque M, Ting Hun L. Recent advances in iron complexes as potential anticancer agents. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01449b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The iron complexes discussed in this review highlight their promising future as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem A. Wani
- Institute of Bioproduct Development
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 UTM Skudai
- Malaysia
| | - Umair Baig
- Center of Excellence for Scientific Research Collaboration with MIT
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Shreaz
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory
- Department of Bioclinical Sciences
- Faculty of Dentistry
- Health Sciences Center
- Kuwait University
| | - Rayees Ahmad Shiekh
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Taibah University
- Al Madinah Al Munawarrah
- Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ehtesham Jameel
- Department of Chemistry
- B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University
- Muzaffarpur
- India
| | - Akil Ahmad
- Center of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Industrial and Scientific Research
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 UTM Skudai
- Malaysia
| | - Siti Hamidah Mohd-Setapar
- Center of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Industrial and Scientific Research
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 UTM Skudai
- Malaysia
| | - Md. Mushtaque
- Department of Physical and Molecular Sciences (Chemistry)
- Al-Falah University
- Faridabad
- India
| | - Lee Ting Hun
- Institute of Bioproduct Development
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 UTM Skudai
- Malaysia
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23
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Sensitization of Melanoma Cells for Death Ligand TRAIL Is Based on Cell Cycle Arrest, ROS Production, and Activation of Proapoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2794-2804. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Hou Z, Zhang Y, Deng K, Chen Y, Li X, Deng X, Cheng Z, Lian H, Li C, Lin J. UV-emitting upconversion-based TiO2 photosensitizing nanoplatform: near-infrared light mediated in vivo photodynamic therapy via mitochondria-involved apoptosis pathway. ACS NANO 2015; 9:2584-99. [PMID: 25692960 DOI: 10.1021/nn506107c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising antitumor treatment that is based on the photosensitizers that inhibit cancer cells by yielding reactive oxygen species (ROS) after irradiation of light with specific wavelengths. As a potential photosensitizer, titanium dioxide (TiO2) exhibits minimal dark cytotoxicity and excellent ultraviolet (UV) light triggered cytotoxicity, but is challenged by the limited tissue penetration of UV light. Herein, a novel near-infrared (NIR) light activated photosensitizer for PDT based on TiO2-coated upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) core/shell nanocomposites (UCNPs@TiO2 NCs) is designed. NaYF4:Yb(3+),Tm(3+)@NaGdF4:Yb(3+) core/shell UCNPs can efficiently convert NIR light to UV emission that matches well with the absorption of TiO2 shells. The UCNPs@TiO2 NCs endocytosed by cancer cells are able to generate intracellular ROS under NIR irradiation, decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential to release cytochrome c into the cytosol and then activating caspase 3 to induce cancer cell apoptosis. NIR light triggered PDT of tumor-bearing mice with UCNPs@TiO2 as photosensitizers can suppress tumor growth efficiently due to the better tissue penetration than UV irradiation. On the basis of the evidence of in vitro and in vivo results, UCNPs@TiO2 NCs could serve as an effective photosensitizer for NIR light mediated PDT in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Hou
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxin Zhang
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerong Deng
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Chen
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Deng
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyong Cheng
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhou Lian
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Li
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lin
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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Liu-Smith F, Poe C, Farmer PJ, Meyskens FL. Amyloids, melanins and oxidative stress in melanomagenesis. Exp Dermatol 2014; 24:171-4. [PMID: 25271672 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma has traditionally been viewed as an ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced malignancy. While UV is a common inducing factor, other endogenous stresses such as metal ion accumulation or the melanin pigment itself may provide alternative pathways to melanoma progression. Eumelanosomes within melanoma often exhibit disrupted membranes and fragmented pigment which may be due to alterations in their amyloid-based striated matrix. The melanosomal amyloid can itself be toxic, especially in combination with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generated by endogenous NADPH oxidase (NOX) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes, a toxic mix that may initiate melanomagenesis. Further understanding of the loss of the melanosomal organization, the behaviour of the exposed melanin and the induction of ROS/RNS in melanomas may provide critical insights into this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu-Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
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26
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3-Bromopyruvate induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells by downregulating Mcl-1 through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2014; 25:447-55. [PMID: 24492287 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hexokinase inhibitor 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) can inhibit glycolysis in tumor cells to reduce ATP production, resulting in apoptosis. However, as 3-BrPA is an alkylating agent, its cytotoxic action may be induced by other molecular mechanisms. The results presented here reveal that 3-BrPA-induced apoptosis is caspase independent. Further, 3-BrPA induces the generation of reactive oxygen species in MDA-MB-231 cells, leading to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. These results suggest that caspase-independent apoptosis may be induced by the generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we also demonstrated that 3-BrPA induces apoptosis through the downregulation of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The results of Mcl-1 knockdown indicate that Mcl-1 plays an important role in 3-BrPA-induced apoptosis. Further, the upregulation of Mcl-1 expression in 3-BrPA-treated MDA-MB-231 cells significantly increases cell viability. In addition, 3-BrPA treatment resulted in the downregulation of p-Akt, suggesting that 3-BrPA may downregulate Mcl-1 through the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathway. These findings indicate that 3-BrPA induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells by downregulating Mcl-1 through the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway.
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27
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Carvalho A, Faustino L, Silva C, Castro S, Lobo C, Santos F, Santos R, Campello C, Bordignon V, Figueiredo J, Rodrigues A. Catalase addition to vitrification solutions maintains goat ovarian preantral follicles stability. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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A novel manganese complex LMnAc selectively kills cancer cells by induction of ROS-triggered and mitochondrial-mediated cell death. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:998-1010. [PMID: 24935782 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified a novel synthesized metal compound, LMnAc ([L2Mn2(Ac)(H2O)2](Ac) (L=bis(2-pyridylmethyl) amino-2-propionic acid)). This compound exhibited significant inhibition on cancer cell proliferation and was more selective against cancer cells than was the popular chemotherapeutic reagent cisplatin. In this study, we further investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of LMnAc-induced cancer cell death. We found that LMnAc achieved its selectivity against cancer cells through the transferrin-transferrin receptor system, which is highly expressed in tumor cells. LMnAc triggered cancer cells to commit autophagy and apoptosis, which was mediated by the mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, LMnAc disrupted mitochondrial function, resulting in mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and ATP reduction. In addition, LMnAc induced intracellular Ca(2+) overload and reactive oxygen species generation. Interestingly, its anticancer effect was significantly reduced following pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine, indicating that reactive oxygen species triggered cell death. Altogether, our data suggest that LMnAc appears to be a selectively promising anticancer drug candidate.
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29
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Plötz M, Eberle J. BH3-only proteins - possible proapoptotic triggers for melanoma therapy. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:375-8. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Plötz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology; HTCC - Skin Cancer Center; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Jürgen Eberle
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology; HTCC - Skin Cancer Center; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Locatelli SL, Cleris L, Stirparo GG, Tartari S, Saba E, Pierdominici M, Malorni W, Carbone A, Anichini A, Carlo-Stella C. BIM upregulation and ROS-dependent necroptosis mediate the antitumor effects of the HDACi Givinostat and Sorafenib in Hodgkin lymphoma cell line xenografts. Leukemia 2014; 28:1861-71. [PMID: 24561519 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is an unmet medical need requiring new therapeutic options. Interactions between the histone deacetylase inhibitor Givinostat and the RAF/MEK/ERK inhibitor Sorafenib were examined in HDLM-2 and L-540 HL cell lines. Exposure to Givinostat/Sorafenib induced a synergistic inhibition of cell growth (range, 70-80%) and a marked increase in cell death (up to 96%) due to increased H3 and H4 acetylation and strong mitochondrial injury. Gene expression profiling indicated that the synergistic effects of Givinostat/Sorafenib treatment are associated with the modulation of cell cycle and cell death pathways. Exposure to Givinostat/Sorafenib resulted in sustained production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of necroptotic cell death. The necroptosis inhibitor Necrostatin-1 prevented Givinostat/Sorafenib-induced ROS production, mitochondrial injury, activation of BH3-only protein BIM and cell death. Knockdown experiments identified BIM as a key signaling molecule that mediates Givinostat/Sorafenib-induced oxidative death of HL cells. Furthermore, in vivo xenograft studies demonstrated a 50% reduction in tumor burden (P<0.0001), a 5- to 15-fold increase in BIM expression (P < 0.0001) and a fourfold increase in tumor necrosis in Givinostat/Sorafenib-treated animals compared with mice that received single agents. These results provide a rationale for exploring Givinostat/Sorafenib combination in relapsed/refractory HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Locatelli
- 1] Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milano, Italy [2] Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - L Cleris
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - G G Stirparo
- 1] Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milano, Italy [2] Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Tartari
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milano, Italy
| | - E Saba
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milano, Italy
| | - M Pierdominici
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - W Malorni
- 1] Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy [2] Istituto San Raffaele Sulmona, Sulmona, Italy
| | - A Carbone
- Pathology Department, CRO Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - A Anichini
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - C Carlo-Stella
- 1] Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milano, Italy [2] Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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Quast SA, Berger A, Plötz M, Eberle J. Sensitization of melanoma cells for TRAIL-induced apoptosis by activation of mitochondrial pathways via Bax. Eur J Cell Biol 2013; 93:42-8. [PMID: 24361324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The death ligand TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) represents a promising therapeutic strategy for metastatic melanoma, however prevalent and inducible resistance limits its applicability and therapeutic use. Recent work has revealed that combinations with survival pathway inhibitors could efficiently sensitize melanoma cells for TRAIL. Here, a particular role was attributed to the activation of Bax, which is regulated by phosphorylation. Thus, TRAIL resistance in melanoma is explained by three major steps, namely high levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, high levels of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs) and suppressed Bax activity. Importantly, Bid was activated in response to TRAIL alone also in resistant cells to antagonize Bcl-2, and Bax was activated in response to pathway inhibitors. However, only in combinations, mitochondrial apoptosis pathways were opened to result in release of Smac/DIABLO, which functions as antagonist of cIAPs. Opening the caspase cascade by Smac then allowed efficient induction of apoptosis. Thus, direct or indirect targeting of Bax represents a suitable strategy to overcome TRAIL resistance in melanoma and may allow the establishment of TRAIL-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra-Annika Quast
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center, University Medical Center Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Berger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center, University Medical Center Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Plötz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center, University Medical Center Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center, University Medical Center Charité, Berlin, Germany.
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ROS-dependent phosphorylation of Bax by wortmannin sensitizes melanoma cells for TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e839. [PMID: 24113173 PMCID: PMC3824654 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathways of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis induction, of Bax activation and the sensitization of tumor cells for TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand)-induced apoptosis are still largely elusive. Here, sensitization of melanoma cells for TRAIL by the PI3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin correlated to the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. Apoptosis was dependent on Bax and abrogated by Bcl-2 overexpression. The synergistic enhancement was explained by Bax activation through wortmannin, which tightly correlated to the characteristic Bax phosphorylation patterns. Thus, wortmannin resulted in early reduction of the Bax-inactivating phosphorylation at serine-184, whereas the Bax-activating phosphorylation at threonine-167 was enhanced. Proving the responsibility of the pathway, comparable effects were obtained with an Akt inhibitor (MK-2206); while suppressed phosphorylation of serine-184 may be attributed to reduced Akt activity itself, the causes of enhanced threonine-167 phosphorylation were addressed here. Characteristically, production of ROS was seen early in response to wortmannin and MK-2206. Providing the link between ROS and Bax, we show that abrogated ROS production by α-tocopherol or by NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) siRNA suppressed apoptosis and Bax activation. This correlated with reduced Bax phosphorylation at threonine-167. The data unraveled a mechanism by which NOX4-dependent ROS production controls apoptosis via Bax phosphorylation. The pathway may be considered for proapoptotic, anticancer strategies.
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Hirschhäuser C, Velcicky J, Schlawe D, Hessler E, Majdalani A, Neudörfl JM, Prokop A, Wieder T, Schmalz HG. Nucleoside analogues with a 1,3-diene-Fe(CO)3 substructure: stereoselective synthesis, configurational assignment, and apoptosis-inducing activity. Chemistry 2013; 19:13017-29. [PMID: 23934861 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and stereochemical assignment of two classes of iron-containing nucleoside analogues, both of which contain a butadiene-Fe(CO)3 substructure, is described. The first type of compounds are Fe(CO)3-complexed 3'-alkenyl-2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-dehydro nucleosides (2,5-dihydrofuran derivatives), from which the second class of compounds is derived by formal replacement of the ring oxygen atom by a CH2 group (carbocyclic nucleoside analogues). These compounds were prepared in a stereoselective manner through the metal-assisted introduction of the nucleobase. Whilst the furanoid intermediates were prepared from carbohydrates (such as methyl-glucopyranoside), the carbocyclic compounds were obtained by using an intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction. Stereochemical assignments based on NMR and CD spectroscopy were confirmed by X-ray structural analysis. Biological investigations revealed that several of the complexes exhibited pronounced apoptosis-inducing properties (through an unusual caspase 3-independent but ROS-dependent pathway). Furthermore, some structure-activity relationships were identified, also as a precondition for the design and synthesis of fluorescent and biotin-labeled conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hirschhäuser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln (Germany), Fax: (+49) 221-470-3064
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The BH3-only protein BimL overrides Bcl-2-mediated apoptosis resistance in melanoma cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 335:100-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ji Y, Ji C, Yue L, Xu H. Saponins isolated from Asparagus induce apoptosis in human hepatoma cell line HepG2 through a mitochondrial-mediated pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:eS1-9. [PMID: 22876162 DOI: 10.3747/co.19.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many scientific studies have shown that Asparagus officinalis has an antitumour effect and enhances human immunity, but the active components and the antitumour mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the effects of saponins isolated from Asparagus on proliferation and apoptosis in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with varying concentrations of Asparagus saponins at various times. Using mtt and flow cytometry assays, we evaluated the effects of Asparagus saponins on the growth and apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of cell apoptosis. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to analyze intracellular calcium ion concentration, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mptp), and mitochondrial membrane potential (mmp). Spectrophotometry was applied to quantify the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the levels of reactive oxygen species (ros) and pH, and the expressions of Bcl2, Bax, CytC, and caspase-3, in HepG2 cells. RESULTS Asparagus saponins inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The median inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) was 101.15 mg/L at 72 hours. The apoptosis morphology at 72 hours of treatment was obvious, showing cell protuberance, concentrated cytoplasm, and apoptotic bodies. The apoptotic rates at 72 hours were 30.9%, 51.7%, and 62.1% (for saponin concentrations of 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L). Treatment with Asparagus saponins for 24 hours increased the intracellular level of ros and Ca(2+), lowered the pH, activated intracellular mptp, and decreased mmp in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment also increased the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3, downregulated the expression of Bcl2, upregulated the expression of Bax, and induced release of CytC and activation of caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS Asparagus saponins induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells through a mitochondrial-mediated and caspase-dependent pathway, suggesting that they may be a potent agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, PR China
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Czupryna J, Tsourkas A. Xanthine oxidase-generated hydrogen peroxide is a consequence, not a mediator of cell death. FEBS J 2012; 279:844-55. [PMID: 22230240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been associated with a wide range of diseases including atherosclerosis, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. When present in excessive concentrations, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause deleterious effects. This has led to the notion that the anticancer effects of various chemotherapeutics may be mediated, at least in part, by an increase in ROS. To investigate the role of xanthine oxidase (XO), a source of hydrogen peroxide, in cell death, MCF7, HeLa and 293T cells were treated with various cell-death-inducing drugs in the presence and absence of allopurinol, a specific inhibitor of XO. In the absence of allopurinol, each drug led to a time- and concentration-dependent increase in percent DNA fragmentation and ROS levels, regardless of the mechanism of cell death incurred, i.e. caspase dependent and caspase independent. By contrast, pretreatment with allopurinol led to dramatically lower ROS levels in all cases, suggesting that XO is a major contributor to oxidative stress. However, allopurinol did not exhibit a protective effect against cell death. Similarly, the administration of siRNA against XO also did not exhibit a protective effect against cell death. The level of oxidative stress was recorded using the ROS sensor CM-H(2) DCFDA and a ratiometric bioluminescent assay that takes advantage of the increased sensitivity of Firefly luciferase to hydrogen peroxide, compared with a stable variant of Renilla luciferase (RLuc), RLuc8. Overall, these findings suggest that XO-generated hydrogen peroxide, and perhaps hydrogen peroxide in general, is a consequence, but not a mediator of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Czupryna
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Czupryna J, Tsourkas A. Firefly luciferase and RLuc8 exhibit differential sensitivity to oxidative stress in apoptotic cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20073. [PMID: 21603648 PMCID: PMC3094452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, firefly Luciferase (fLuc) has been used in a wide range of biological assays, providing insight into gene regulation, protein-protein interactions, cell proliferation, and cell migration. However, it has also been well established that fLuc activity can be highly sensitive to its surrounding environment. In this study, we found that when various cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF-7, and 293T) stably expressing fLuc were treated with staurosporine (STS), there was a rapid loss in bioluminescence. In contrast, a stable variant of Renilla luciferase (RLuc), RLuc8, exhibited significantly prolonged functionality under the same conditions. To identify the specific underlying mechanism(s) responsible for the disparate sensitivity of RLuc8 and fLuc to cellular stress, we conducted a series of inhibition studies that targeted known intracellular protein degradation/modification pathways associated with cell death. Interestingly, these studies suggested that reactive oxygen species, particularly hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), was responsible for the diminution of fLuc activity. Consistent with these findings, the direct application of H(2)O(2) to HeLa cells also led to a reduction in fLuc bioluminescence, while H(2)O(2) scavengers stabilized fLuc activity. Comparatively, RLuc8 was far less sensitive to ROS. These observations suggest that fLuc activity can be substantially altered in studies where ROS levels become elevated and can potentially lead to ambiguous or misleading findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Czupryna
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Gasser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Berger A, Quast SA, Plötz M, Hein M, Kunz M, Langer P, Eberle J. Sensitization of melanoma cells for death ligand-induced apoptosis by an indirubin derivative—Enhancement of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:71-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Anticancer properties of 10-hydroxycamptothecin in a murine melanoma pulmonary metastasis model in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 25:513-20. [PMID: 21093576 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer, including lung metastatic cancer, remains one of the most difficult types of cancer to treat. Therefore, the search for new agents for its treatment is very important. 10-Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) was proved to have ideal anticancer activity in curing series cancer cells. In this study, the anticancer effect of HCPT on melanoma lung metastasis cancer was investigated by several administration routes, and whether the effect may be attributed to the induction of tumor cells apoptosis was determined. MTT assay results showed that HCPT exhibited selective cytotoxic activity against B16-F10 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Hoechst 33258 staining and transmission electron microscopy showed typical apoptotic morphology such as condensed chromatin, irregular nuclei, and apoptotic body formation. Flow cytometry analysis indicated a growth on apoptotic cells and a cell-cycle arrest in S phase after treatment with HCPT. In vivo melanoma pulmonary metastases were inhibited by treatment with HCPT. A more significant inhibition was observed if HCPT was administered by aerosol inhalation than that given by i.v. or i.p. administration. Thus, HCPT exhibited potential anticancer activity against B16-F10 cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the possible mechanisms involved still need to be investigated to explain this behavior.
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Kell DB. Towards a unifying, systems biology understanding of large-scale cellular death and destruction caused by poorly liganded iron: Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, prions, bactericides, chemical toxicology and others as examples. Arch Toxicol 2010; 84:825-89. [PMID: 20967426 PMCID: PMC2988997 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a variety of toxins and/or infectious agents leads to disease, degeneration and death, often characterised by circumstances in which cells or tissues do not merely die and cease to function but may be more or less entirely obliterated. It is then legitimate to ask the question as to whether, despite the many kinds of agent involved, there may be at least some unifying mechanisms of such cell death and destruction. I summarise the evidence that in a great many cases, one underlying mechanism, providing major stresses of this type, entails continuing and autocatalytic production (based on positive feedback mechanisms) of hydroxyl radicals via Fenton chemistry involving poorly liganded iron, leading to cell death via apoptosis (probably including via pathways induced by changes in the NF-κB system). While every pathway is in some sense connected to every other one, I highlight the literature evidence suggesting that the degenerative effects of many diseases and toxicological insults converge on iron dysregulation. This highlights specifically the role of iron metabolism, and the detailed speciation of iron, in chemical and other toxicology, and has significant implications for the use of iron chelating substances (probably in partnership with appropriate anti-oxidants) as nutritional or therapeutic agents in inhibiting both the progression of these mainly degenerative diseases and the sequelae of both chronic and acute toxin exposure. The complexity of biochemical networks, especially those involving autocatalytic behaviour and positive feedbacks, means that multiple interventions (e.g. of iron chelators plus antioxidants) are likely to prove most effective. A variety of systems biology approaches, that I summarise, can predict both the mechanisms involved in these cell death pathways and the optimal sites of action for nutritional or pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and the Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
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Onambele LA, Koth D, Czaplewska JA, Schubert US, Görls H, Yano S, Obata M, Gottschaldt M, Prokop A. Mitochondrial Mode of Action of a Thymidine-Based Cisplatin Analogue Breaks Resistance in Cancer Cells. Chemistry 2010; 16:14498-505. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Görmen M, Pigeon P, Top S, Hillard EA, Huché M, Hartinger CG, de Montigny F, Plamont MA, Vessières A, Jaouen G. Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and COMPARE Analysis of Ferrocene and [3]Ferrocenophane Tetrasubstituted Olefin Derivatives against Human Cancer Cells. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:2039-50. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sen R, Saha P, Sarkar A, Ganguly S, Chatterjee M. Iron enhances generation of free radicals by Artemisinin causing a caspase-independent, apoptotic death inLeishmania donovanipromastigotes. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1289-95. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.498475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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