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Tropmann K, Bresinsky M, Forster L, Mönnich D, Buschauer A, Wittmann HJ, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Pockes S, Strasser A. Abolishing Dopamine D 2long/D 3 Receptor Affinity of Subtype-Selective Carbamoylguanidine-Type Histamine H 2 Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8684-8709. [PMID: 34110814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
3-(2-Amino-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)propyl-substituted carbamoylguanidines are potent, subtype-selective histamine H2 receptor (H2R) agonists, but their applicability as pharmacological tools to elucidate the largely unknown H2R functions in the central nervous system (CNS) is compromised by their concomitant high affinity toward dopamine D2-like receptors (especially to the D3R). To improve the selectivity, a series of novel carbamoylguanidine-type ligands containing various heterocycles, spacers, and side residues were rationally designed, synthesized, and tested in binding and/or functional assays at H1-4 and D2long/3 receptors. This study revealed a couple of selective candidates (among others 31 and 47), and the most promising ones were screened at several off-target receptors, showing good selectivities. Docking studies suggest that the amino acid residues (3.28, 3.32, E2.49, E2.51, 5.42, and 7.35) are responsible for the different affinities at the H2- and D2long/3-receptors. These results provide a solid base for the exploration of the H2R functions in the brain in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Tropmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Merlin Bresinsky
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Forster
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Mönnich
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Puttonen HAJ, Sundvik M, Semenova S, Shirai Y, Chen YC, Panula P. Knockout of histamine receptor H3 alters adaptation to sudden darkness and monoamine levels in the zebrafish. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 29044927 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Histamine receptor H3 (HRH3) has substantial neuropharmacological potential. Currently, knockout models of this receptor have been investigated only in mice. We characterized the expression of this receptor in the zebrafish and generated a zebrafish HRH3 knockout line. Using this model, we studied the role of HRH3 in important behaviours. We also analysed the effect of HRH3 knockout on monoaminergic systems, which has not been thoroughly studied in any animal model. METHODS Generation of a mutant zebrafish line using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Analysis of locomotor and social behaviour. Expression of HRH3 was characterized using in situ hybridization. Analysis of monoamine networks using HPLC, immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR. RESULTS We found that HRH3 knockout zebrafish larvae showed a shorter period of increased locomotion after a sudden onset of darkness, while the knockout larvae had a wild-type-like acute response to sudden darkness. Adult knockout fish showed decreased swimming velocity, although locomotor activity of knockout larvae was unaltered. Additionally, levels of dopamine and serotonin were significantly decreased in the knockout fish, while monoamine-related gene expression and immunohistochemistry patterns were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that HRH3 knockout larvae adapt faster to sudden darkness, suggesting a role for this receptor in regulating responses to changes in the environment. The decreased levels of dopamine and serotonin provide the first direct evidence that knockout of HRH3 alters these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. A. J. Puttonen
- Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - M. Sundvik
- Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - S. Semenova
- Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Y. Shirai
- Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Y-C. Chen
- Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - P. Panula
- Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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Yuan H, Silberstein SD. Histamine and Migraine. Headache 2017; 58:184-193. [PMID: 28862769 DOI: 10.1111/head.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histamine is an ancient "tissue amine" preceding multicellular organisms. In the central nervous system (CNS), its fibers originate solely from the tuberomammillary nucleus and travel throughout the brain. It is mainly responsible for wakefulness, energy homeostasis, and memory consolidation. Recently, several studies suggest a potential role of histamine in migraine pathogenesis and management. METHODS Narrative review of current literature regarding histamine and migraine. RESULTS Histamine plays a crucial role in migraine pathogenesis: sustaining the neurogenic inflammation pathway. Interaction between mast cells (MC) and calcitonin-gene related protein (CGRP) results in sensitization of trigeminal afferents and trigeminal ganglia (TG). Histamine binds with differing affinities to four different histaminergic G-protein coupled receptors, activating protein kinases, or triggering calcium release with subsequent mode of actions. Histamine 1 receptor (H1 R) and histamine 2 receptor (H2 R) antagonists are frequently used for the treatment of allergy and gastric acid secretion, respectively, but their antagonism is probably ineffective for migraine. Histamine 3 receptor (H3 R) and histamine 4 receptor (H4 R) have a threefold higher affinity than H1 R/H2 R for histamine and are found almost exclusively on neurons and immune tissues, respectively. H3 R acts as an autoreceptor or as a heteroreceptor, lowering the release of histamine and other neurotransmitters. This is a potential target for anti-nociception and anti-neurogenic inflammation. To date, several small clinical trials using low dose histamine or Nα -methylhistamine have demonstrated migraine prophylactic efficacy, probably via H3 R or other undetermined pathways. CONCLUSION The histamine system interacts with multiple regions in the CNS and may hypothetically modulate the migraine response. Low dose histamine may be a promising option for migraine prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiangkuo Yuan
- Jefferson Headache Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Sors A, Panayi F, Bert L, Favale D, Nosjean O, Audinot V, Arrang JM, Buisson B, Steidl E, Delbos JM, Huhtala T, Kontkanen O, Chollet AM, Casara P, Lestage P. Mechanistic characterization of S 38093, a novel inverse agonist at histamine H3 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 803:11-23. [PMID: 28336400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Histaminergic H3 inverse agonists, by stimulating central histamine release, represent attractive drug candidates to treat cognitive disorders. The present studies aimed to describe the mechanistic profile of S 38093 a novel H3 receptors inverse agonist. S 38093 displays a moderate affinity for rat, mouse and human H3 receptors (Ki=8.8, 1.44 and 1.2µM, respectively) with no affinity for other histaminergic receptors. In cellular models, the compound was able to antagonize mice H3 receptors (KB=0.65µM) and to suppress cAMP decrease induced by an H3 agonist via human H3 receptors (KB=0.11µM). The antagonism properties of the compound were confirmed by electrophysiological studies on rat hippocampal slices (from 0.1μM). In cells expressing a high H3 density, S 38093 behaved as a moderate inverse agonist at rat and human H3 receptors (EC50=9 and 1.7µM, respectively). S 38093 was rapidly absorbed in mouse and rat (Tmax=0.25-0.5h), slowly in monkey (2h), with a bioavailability ranging from 20% to 60% and t1/2 ranging from 1.5 to 7.4h. The compound was widely distributed with a moderate volume of distribution and low protein binding. The brain distribution of S 38093 was rapid and high. In mice, S 38093 significantly increased ex vivo N-tele-Methylhistamine cerebral levels from 3mg/kg p.o. and antagonized R-α-Methylhistamine-induced dipsogenia from 10mg/kg i.p. Taken together, these data suggest that S 38093, a novel H3 inverse agonist, is a good candidate for further in vivo evaluations, in particular in animal models of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Sors
- Pôle d'Innovation Thérapeutique Neuropsychiatrie Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine et Suresnes, France.
| | - Fany Panayi
- Pôle d'Innovation Thérapeutique Neuropsychiatrie Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine et Suresnes, France
| | - Lionel Bert
- Pôle d'Innovation Thérapeutique Neuropsychiatrie Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine et Suresnes, France
| | - Dominique Favale
- Pôle d'Innovation Thérapeutique Neuropsychiatrie Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine et Suresnes, France
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- Pôle d'Expertise Recherche et Biopharmacie, Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine et Orléans, France
| | - Valérie Audinot
- Pôle d'Expertise Recherche et Biopharmacie, Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine et Orléans, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Marie Delbos
- Pôle d'Expertise Recherche et Biopharmacie, Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine et Orléans, France
| | - Tuulia Huhtala
- Charles River Discovery Research Services, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Outi Kontkanen
- Charles River Discovery Research Services, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne-Marie Chollet
- Pôle d'Expertise Recherche et Biopharmacie, Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine et Orléans, France
| | - Patrick Casara
- Pôle d'Expertise Recherche et Biopharmacie, Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine et Orléans, France
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Pôle d'Innovation Thérapeutique Neuropsychiatrie Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine et Suresnes, France
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Hattori Y, Seifert R. Pharmacological Characterization of Human Histamine Receptors and Histamine Receptor Mutants in the Sf9 Cell Expression System. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 241:63-118. [PMID: 28233175 PMCID: PMC7120522 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A large problem of histamine receptor research is data heterogeneity. Various experimental approaches, the complex signaling pathways of mammalian cells, and the use of different species orthologues render it difficult to compare and interpret the published results. Thus, the four human histamine receptor subtypes were analyzed side-by-side in the Sf9 insect cell expression system, using radioligand binding assays as well as functional readouts proximal to the receptor activation event (steady-state GTPase assays and [35S]GTPγS assays). The human H1R was co-expressed with the regulators of G protein signaling RGS4 or GAIP, which unmasked a productive interaction between hH1R and insect cell Gαq. By contrast, functional expression of the hH2R required the generation of an hH2R-Gsα fusion protein to ensure close proximity of G protein and receptor. Fusion of hH2R to the long (GsαL) or short (GsαS) splice variant of Gαs resulted in comparable constitutive hH2R activity, although both G protein variants show different GDP affinities. Medicinal chemistry studies revealed profound species differences between hH1R/hH2R and their guinea pig orthologues gpH1R/gpH2R. The causes for these differences were analyzed by molecular modeling in combination with mutational studies. Co-expression of the hH3R with Gαi1, Gαi2, Gαi3, and Gαi/o in Sf9 cells revealed high constitutive activity and comparable interaction efficiency with all G protein isoforms. A comparison of various cations (Li+, Na+, K+) and anions (Cl-, Br-, I-) revealed that anions with large radii most efficiently stabilize the inactive hH3R state. Potential sodium binding sites in the hH3R protein were analyzed by expressing specific hH3R mutants in Sf9 cells. In contrast to the hH3R, the hH4R preferentially couples to co-expressed Gαi2 in Sf9 cells. Its high constitutive activity is resistant to NaCl or GTPγS. The hH4R shows structural instability and adopts a G protein-independent high-affinity state. A detailed characterization of affinity and activity of a series of hH4R antagonists/inverse agonists allowed first conclusions about structure/activity relationships for inverse agonists at hH4R. In summary, the Sf9 cell system permitted a successful side-by-side comparison of all four human histamine receptor subtypes. This chapter summarizes the results of pharmacological as well as medicinal chemistry/molecular modeling approaches and demonstrates that these data are not only important for a deeper understanding of HxR pharmacology, but also have significant implications for the molecular pharmacology of GPCRs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Kiss R, Keserű GM. Structure-based discovery and binding site analysis of histamine receptor ligands. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:1165-1185. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1245288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Naporra F, Gobleder S, Wittmann HJ, Spindler J, Bodensteiner M, Bernhardt G, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Elz S, Strasser A. Dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines and dibenzo[b,e]oxepines: Influence of the chlorine substitution pattern on the pharmacology at the H 1R, H 4R, 5-HT 2AR and other selected GPCRs. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:610-625. [PMID: 27697645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by VUF6884 (7-Chloro-11-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine), reported as a dual H1/H4 receptor ligand (pKi: 8.11 (human H1R (hH1R)), 7.55 (human H4R (hH4R))), four known and 28 new oxazepine and related oxepine derivatives were synthesised and pharmacologically characterized at histamine receptors and selected aminergic GPCRs. In contrast to the oxazepine series, within the oxepine series, the new compounds showed high affinity to the hH1R (pKi: 6.8-8.7), but no or moderate affinity to the hH4R (pKi:≤5.3). For one oxepine derivative (1-(2-Chloro-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11-yl)-4-methylpiperazine), the enantiomers were separated and the R-enantiomer was identified as the eutomer at the hH1R (pKi: 8.83 (R), 7.63 (S)) and the guinea-pig H1R (gpH1R) (pKi: 8.82 (R), 7.41 (S)). Molecular dynamic studies suggest that the tricyclic core of the compounds is bound in a similar mode into the binding pocket, as described for doxepine in the hH1R crystal structure. Moreover, docking studies of all oxepine derivatives at the hH1R indicate that the oxygen and the position of the chlorine in the tricyclic core determines, if the R- or the S-enantiomer is the eutomer. For some of the oxazepines and oxepines the affinity to other aminergic GPCRs is in the same range as to hH1R or hH4R, thus, those compounds have to be classified as dirty drugs. However, one oxazepine derivative (3,7-Dichloro-11-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine was identified as dual hH1/h5-HT2A receptor ligand (pKi: 9.23 (hH1R), 8.74 (h5-HT2AR), ≤7 at other analysed GPCRs), whereas one oxepine derivative (1-(3,8-Dichloro-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11-yl)-4-methylpiperazine) was identified as selective hH1R antagonist (pKi: 8.44 (hH1R), ≤6.7 at other analyzed GPCRs). Thus, the pharmacological results suggest that the oxazepine/oxepine moiety and additionally the chlorine substitution pattern toggles receptor selectivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Naporra
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Gobleder
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Spindler
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bodensteiner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sigurd Elz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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Nieto-Alamilla G, Márquez-Gómez R, García-Gálvez AM, Morales-Figueroa GE, Arias-Montaño JA. The Histamine H3 Receptor: Structure, Pharmacology, and Function. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:649-673. [PMID: 27563055 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the four G protein-coupled receptors (H1-H4) identified as mediators of the biologic effects of histamine, the H3 receptor (H3R) is distinguished for its almost exclusive expression in the nervous system and the large variety of isoforms generated by alternative splicing of the corresponding mRNA. Additionally, it exhibits dual functionality as autoreceptor and heteroreceptor, and this enables H3Rs to modulate the histaminergic and other neurotransmitter systems. The cloning of the H3R cDNA in 1999 by Lovenberg et al. allowed for detailed studies of its molecular aspects. In this work, we review the characteristics of the H3R, namely, its structure, constitutive activity, isoforms, signal transduction pathways, regional differences in expression and localization, selective agonists, antagonists and inverse agonists, dimerization with other neurotransmitter receptors, and the main presynaptic and postsynaptic effects resulting from its activation. The H3R has attracted interest as a potential drug target for the treatment of several important neurologic and psychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Nieto-Alamilla
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-IPN), Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ricardo Márquez-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-IPN), Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana-Maricela García-Gálvez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-IPN), Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Guadalupe-Elide Morales-Figueroa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-IPN), Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José-Antonio Arias-Montaño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-IPN), Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
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Szymańska E, Drabczyńska A, Karcz T, Müller CE, Köse M, Karolak-Wojciechowska J, Fruziński A, Schabikowski J, Doroz-Płonka A, Handzlik J, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Similarities and differences in affinity and binding modes of tricyclic pyrimido- and pyrazinoxanthines at human and rat adenosine receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4347-4362. [PMID: 27485602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 32 pyrimido- and 5 tetrahydropyrazino[2,1-f]purinediones was obtained and evaluated for their adenosine receptors (ARs) affinities. The 1,3-dibutyl derivative of 9-(4-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)phenyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[1,2-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione was found to be the most potent A1 AR antagonist of the present series, showing selectivity over the other AR subtypes. The structure-activity for the obtained purinediones was established. Docking experiments of the investigated library to homology models of the human and rat A1 and A2A ARs allowed to compare the expected binding modes for selected compounds. The detailed analysis of binding cavities within individual AR subtypes indicated small but significant structural variations that may underlie the observed differences in binding affinities of purinediones at particular subtypes and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szymańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Drabczyńska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Meryem Köse
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Andrzej Fruziński
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Żwirki 36, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jakub Schabikowski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Doroz-Płonka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Panula P, Chazot PL, Cowart M, Gutzmer R, Leurs R, Liu WLS, Stark H, Thurmond RL, Haas HL. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVIII. Histamine Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 67:601-55. [PMID: 26084539 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a developmentally highly conserved autacoid found in most vertebrate tissues. Its physiological functions are mediated by four 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (H1R, H2R, H3R, H4R) that are all targets of pharmacological intervention. The receptors display molecular heterogeneity and constitutive activity. H1R antagonists are long known antiallergic and sedating drugs, whereas the H2R was identified in the 1970s and led to the development of H2R-antagonists that revolutionized stomach ulcer treatment. The crystal structure of ligand-bound H1R has rendered it possible to design new ligands with novel properties. The H3R is an autoreceptor and heteroreceptor providing negative feedback on histaminergic and inhibition on other neurons. A block of these actions promotes waking. The H4R occurs on immuncompetent cells and the development of anti-inflammatory drugs is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Paul L Chazot
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Marlon Cowart
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Rob Leurs
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Wai L S Liu
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Holger Stark
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Robin L Thurmond
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Helmut L Haas
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
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11
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Hammer SG, Gobleder S, Naporra F, Wittmann HJ, Elz S, Heinrich MR, Strasser A. 2,4-Diaminopyrimidines as dual ligands at the histamine H1 and H4 receptor-H1/H4-receptor selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:292-300. [PMID: 26718844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Distinct diaminopyrimidines, for example, 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-2-amine are histamine H4 receptor (H4R) antagonists and show high affinity to the H4R, but only a moderate affinity to the histamine H1 receptor (H1R). Within previous studies it was shown that an aromatic side chain with a distinct distance to the basic amine and aromatic core is necessary for affinity to the human H1R (hH1R). Thus, a rigid aminopyrimidine with a tricyclic core was used as a lead structure. There, (1) the flexible aromatic side chain was introduced, (2) the substitution pattern of the pyrimidine core was exchanged and (3) rigidity was decreased by opening the tricyclic core. Within the present study, two compounds with similar affinity in the one digit μM range to the human H1R and H4R were identified. While the affinity at the hH1R increased about 4- to 8-fold compared to the parent diaminopyrimidine, the affinity to the hH4R decreased about 5- to 8-fold. In addition to the parent diaminopyrimidine, two selected compounds were docked into the H1R and H4R and molecular dynamic studies were performed to predict the binding mode and explain the experimental results on a molecular level. The two new compounds may be good lead structures for the development of dual H1/H4 receptor ligands with affinities in the same range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian G Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Gobleder
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Naporra
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sigurd Elz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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12
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Dimeric carbamoylguanidine-type histamine H2 receptor ligands: A new class of potent and selective agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3957-69. [PMID: 25639885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The bioisosteric replacement of the acylguanidine moieties in dimeric histamine H2 receptor (H2R) agonists by carbamoylguanidine groups resulted in compounds with retained potencies and intrinsic activities, but considerably improved stability against hydrolytic cleavage. These compounds achieved up to 2500 times the potency of histamine when studied in [(35)S]GTPγS assays on recombinant human and guinea pig H2R. Unlike 3-(imidazol-4-yl)propyl substituted carbamoylguanidines, the corresponding 2-amino-4-methylthiazoles revealed selectivity over histamine receptor subtypes H1R, H3R and H4R in radioligand competition binding studies. H2R binding studies with three fluorescent compounds and one tritium-labeled ligand, synthesized from a chain-branched precursor, failed due to pronounced cellular accumulation and high non-specific binding. However, the dimeric H2R agonists proved to be useful pharmacological tools for functional studies on native cells, as demonstrated for selected compounds by cAMP accumulation and inhibition of fMLP-stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species in human monocytes.
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13
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Modulation of behavior by the histaminergic system: Lessons from HDC-, H3R- and H4R-deficient mice. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47:101-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Darras FH, Pockes S, Huang G, Wehle S, Strasser A, Wittmann HJ, Nimczick M, Sotriffer CA, Decker M. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and computational studies of Tri- and tetracyclic nitrogen-bridgehead compounds as potent dual-acting AChE inhibitors and hH3 receptor antagonists. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:225-42. [PMID: 24422467 DOI: 10.1021/cn4002126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination of AChE inhibiting and histamine H3 receptor antagonizing properties in a single molecule might show synergistic effects to improve cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease, since both pharmacological actions are able to enhance cholinergic neurotransmission in the cortex. However, whereas AChE inhibitors prevent hydrolysis of acetylcholine also peripherally, histamine H3 antagonists will raise acetylcholine levels mostly in the brain due to predominant occurrence of the receptor in the central nervous system. In this work, we designed and synthesized two novel classes of tri- and tetracyclic nitrogen-bridgehead compounds acting as dual AChE inhibitors and histamine H3 antagonists by combining the nitrogen-bridgehead moiety of novel AChE inhibitors with a second N-basic fragment based on the piperidinylpropoxy pharmacophore with different spacer lengths. Intensive structure-activity relationships (SARs) with regard to both biological targets led to compound 41 which showed balanced affinities as hAChE inhibitor with IC50 = 33.9 nM, and hH3R antagonism with Ki = 76.2 nM with greater than 200-fold selectivity over the other histamine receptor subtypes. Molecular docking studies were performed to explain the potent AChE inhibition of the target compounds and molecular dynamics studies to explain high affinity at the hH3R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guozheng Huang
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für
Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Wehle
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für
Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Nimczick
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für
Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Sotriffer
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für
Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für
Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Harusawa S, Sawada K, Magata T, Yoneyama H, Araki L, Usami Y, Hatano K, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto D, Yamatodani A. Synthesis and evaluation of N-alkyl-S-[3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl]isothioureas: High affinity and human/rat species-selective histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6415-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Wagner E, Wittmann HJ, Elz S, Strasser A. Pharmacological profile of astemizole-derived compounds at the histamine H1 and H4 receptor—H1/H4 receptor selectivity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 387:235-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Mele T, Jurič DM. Identification and pharmacological characterization of the histamine H3 receptor in cultured rat astrocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Łażewska D, Kieć-Kononowicz K. New developments around histamine H3receptor antagonists/inverse agonists: a patent review (2010 – present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 24:89-111. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.848197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Seifert R, Strasser A, Schneider EH, Neumann D, Dove S, Buschauer A. Molecular and cellular analysis of human histamine receptor subtypes. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:33-58. [PMID: 23254267 PMCID: PMC3869951 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The human histamine receptors hH(1)R and hH(2)R constitute important drug targets, and hH(3)R and hH(4)R have substantial potential in this area. Considering the species-specificity of pharmacology of H(x)R orthologs, it is important to analyze hH(x)Rs. Here, we summarize current knowledge of hH(x)Rs endogenously expressed in human cells and hH(x)Rs recombinantly expressed in mammalian and insect cells. We present the advantages and disadvantages of the various systems. We also discuss problems associated with the use of hH(x)R antibodies, an issue of general relevance for G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). There is much greater overlap in activity of 'selective' ligands for other hH(x)Rs than the cognate receptor subtype than generally appreciated. Studies with native and recombinant systems support the concept of ligand-specific receptor conformations, encompassing agonists and antagonists. It is emerging that for characterization of hH(x)R ligands, one cannot rely on a single test system and a single parameter. Rather, multiple systems and parameters have to be studied. Although such studies are time-consuming and expensive, ultimately, they will increase drug safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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20
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Strasser A, Wittmann HJ, Buschauer A, Schneider EH, Seifert R. Species-dependent activities of G-protein-coupled receptor ligands: lessons from histamine receptor orthologs. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 34:13-32. [PMID: 23228711 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Histamine is a biogenic amine that exerts its biological effects as a neurotransmitter and local mediator via four histamine receptor (HR) subtypes (H(x)Rs) - H(1)R, H(2)R, H(3)R, and H(4)R - belonging to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). All four H(x)Rs exhibit pronounced differences in agonist and/or antagonist pharmacology among various species orthologs. The species differences constitute a problem for animal experiments and drug development. This problem applies to GPCRs with diverse ligands. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on H(x)R orthologs as a case study for species-dependent activity of GPCR ligands. We show that species-specific pharmacology also provides unique opportunities to study important aspects of GPCR pharmacology in general, including ligand-binding sites, the roles of extracellular domains in ligand binding and receptor activation, agonist-independent (constitutive) receptor activity, thermodynamics of ligand/receptor interaction, receptor-activation mechanisms, and ligand-specific receptor conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Strasser
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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21
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Reher TM, Neumann D, Buschauer A, Seifert R. Incomplete activation of human eosinophils via the histamine H4-receptor: Evidence for ligand-specific receptor conformations. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:192-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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22
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Nuutinen S, Vanhanen J, Mäki T, Panula P. Histamine h3 receptor: a novel therapeutic target in alcohol dependence? Front Syst Neurosci 2012; 6:36. [PMID: 22629238 PMCID: PMC3355329 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2012.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain histaminergic system is one of the diffuse modulatory neurotransmitter systems which regulate neuronal activity in many brain areas. Studies on both rats and mice indicate that histamine H3 receptor antagonists decrease alcohol drinking in several models, like operant alcohol administration and drinking in the dark paradigm. Alcohol-induced place preference is also affected by these drugs. Moreover, mice lacking H3R do not drink alcohol like their wild type littermates, and they do not show alcohol-induced place preference. Although the mechanisms of these behaviors are still being investigated, we propose that H3R antagonists are promising candidates for use in human alcoholics, as these drugs are already tested for treatment of other disorders like narcolepsy and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Nuutinen
- Neuroscience Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Beermann S, Seifert R, Neumann D. Commercially available antibodies against human and murine histamine H₄-receptor lack specificity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 385:125-35. [PMID: 22071576 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are important tools to detect expression and localization of proteins within the living cell. However, for a series of commercially available antibodies which are supposed to recognize G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), lack of specificity has been described. In recent publications, antisera against the histamine H₄-receptor (H₄R), which is a member of the GPCR family, have been used to demonstrate receptor expression. However, a comprehensive characterization of these antisera has not been performed yet. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the specificity of three commercially available H₄R antibodies. Sf9 insect cells and HEK293 cells expressing recombinant murine and human H₄R, spleen cells obtained from H₄⁻/⁻ and from wild-type mice, and human CD20⁺ and CD20⁻ peripheral blood cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blot using three commercially available H₄R antibodies. Our results show that all tested H₄R antibodies bind to virtually all cells, independently of the expression of H₄R, thus in an unspecific fashion. Also in Western blot, the H₄R antibodies do not bind to the specified protein. Our data underscore the importance of stringent evaluation of antibodies using valid controls, such as cells of H₄R⁻/⁻ mice, to show true receptor expression and antigen specificity. Improved validation of commercially available antibodies prior to release to the market would avoid time-consuming and expensive validation assays by the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Beermann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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24
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Istyastono EP, Nijmeijer S, Lim HD, van de Stolpe A, Roumen L, Kooistra AJ, Vischer HF, de Esch IJP, Leurs R, de Graaf C. Molecular determinants of ligand binding modes in the histamine H(4) receptor: linking ligand-based three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models to in silico guided receptor mutagenesis studies. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8136-47. [PMID: 22003888 DOI: 10.1021/jm201042n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The histamine H(4) receptor (H(4)R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays an important role in inflammation. Similar to the homologous histamine H(3) receptor (H(3)R), two acidic residues in the H(4)R binding pocket, D(3.32) and E(5.46), act as essential hydrogen bond acceptors of positively ionizable hydrogen bond donors in H(4)R ligands. Given the symmetric distribution of these complementary pharmacophore features in H(4)R and its ligands, different alternative ligand binding mode hypotheses have been proposed. The current study focuses on the elucidation of the molecular determinants of H(4)R-ligand binding modes by combining (3D) quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), protein homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations, and site-directed mutagenesis studies. We have designed and synthesized a series of clobenpropit (N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-S-[3-(4(5)-imidazolyl)propyl]isothiourea) derivatives to investigate H(4)R-ligand interactions and ligand binding orientations. Interestingly, our studies indicate that clobenpropit (2) itself can bind to H(4)R in two distinct binding modes, while the addition of a cyclohexyl group to the clobenpropit isothiourea moiety allows VUF5228 (5) to adopt only one specific binding mode in the H(4)R binding pocket. Our ligand-steered, experimentally supported protein modeling method gives new insights into ligand recognition by H(4)R and can be used as a general approach to elucidate the structure of protein-ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enade P Istyastono
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Interactions of recombinant human histamine H1, H2, H3, and H4 receptors with 34 antidepressants and antipsychotics. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 385:145-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Schnell D, Brunskole I, Ladova K, Schneider EH, Igel P, Dove S, Buschauer A, Seifert R. Expression and functional properties of canine, rat, and murine histamine H₄ receptors in Sf9 insect cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 383:457-70. [PMID: 21359967 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The histamine H₄ receptor (H₄R) is expressed on cells of the immune system including eosinophils, dendritic cells, and T cells and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, and pruritus. Analysis of the H₄R in these diseases depends on the use of animal models. However, there are substantial pharmacological differences between various H₄R species orthologs. The purpose of this study was to analyze the pharmacological properties of canine, rat, and murine H₄R in comparison to human H₄R expressed in Sf9 insect cells. Only hH₄R and cH₄R exhibited a sufficiently high [³H]histamine affinity for radioligand binding studies. Generally, cH₄R exhibited lower ligand-affinities than hH₄R. Similarly, in high-affinity GTPase studies, ligands were more potent at hH₄R than at other H₄R species orthologs. Unlike the other H₄R species orthologs, hH₄R exhibited high agonist-independent (constitutive) activity. Most strikingly, the prototypical H₄R antagonist (1-[(5-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]-4-methylpiperazine) (JNJ7777120) exhibited partial agonistic activity at cH₄R, rH₄R, and mH₄R, whereas at hH₄R, JNJ7777120 was a partial inverse agonist. H₄R agonists from the class of N ( G )-acylated imidazolylpropylguanidines and cyanoguanidines exhibited substantial differences in terms of affinity, potency, and efficacy among H₄R species orthologs, too. The species-dependent pharmacological profiles are not due to the highly variable amino acid sequence position 341. Finally, H₄R species orthologs differ from each other in terms of regulation by NaCl. Collectively, there are profound pharmacological differences between H₄R species orthologs. Most importantly, caution must be exerted when interpreting pharmacological effects of "the prototypical H₄R antagonist" JNJ7777120 as H₄R antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Panula P, Nuutinen S. Histamine and H3 receptor in alcohol-related behaviors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:9-16. [PMID: 20864504 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.170928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from rat models for alcohol preference and histidine decarboxylase knockout (HDC KO) mice suggest that brain histamine regulates alcohol-related behaviors. Histamine levels are higher in alcohol-preferring than in alcohol-nonpreferring rat brains, and expression of histamine H(3) receptor (H(3)R) is different in key areas for addictive behavior. H(3)R inverse agonists decrease alcohol responding in one alcohol-preferring rat line. Conditioned place preference induced by alcohol is stronger in HDC KO mice than in control mice. The HDC KO mice display a weaker stimulatory response to acute alcohol than the wild-type (WT) mice. In male inbred C57BL/6 mice the H(3)R antagonist ciproxifan inhibits ethanol-evoked stimulation of locomotor activity. Ciproxifan also potentiates the ethanol reward, but does not alone result in the development of place preference. At least in one rat model developed to study alcohol sensitivity high histamine levels are characteristic of the alcohol-insensitive rat line, and lowering brain histamine with a HDC inhibitor increases alcohol sensitivity in the tilting plane test. However, the motor skills of HDC KO mice do not seem to differ from those of the WT mice. Current evidence suggests that the histaminergic system is involved in the regulation of place preference behavior triggered by alcohol, possibly through an interaction with the mesolimbic dopamine system. Histamine may also interact with dopamine in the regulation of the cortico-striato-pallido-thalamo-cortical motor pathway and cerebellar mechanisms, which may be important in different motor behaviors beyond alcohol-induced motor disturbances. H(3)R ligands may have significant effects on alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pertti Panula
- Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, POB 63, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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