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Ma Y, Song X, Ma T, Li Y, Bai H, Zhang Z, Hu H, Yuan R, Wen Y, Gao L. Aminoguanidine inhibits IL-1β-induced protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway in rat articular chondrocytes. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2623-2630. [PMID: 32765755 PMCID: PMC7401635 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disease which has a serious impact on the health and quality of life of affected humans and animals. As an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), aminoguanidine (AG) displays anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of AG on the expression of iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and the activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway in rat chondrocytes stimulated by interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The viability of chondrocytes treated with AG (0.3, 1 or 3 mM) alone was determined using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Subsequently, the chondrocytes were treated with either 10 ng/ml IL-1β alone, or co-treated with increasing concentrations of AG (0.3, 1 or 3 mM) and 10 ng/ml IL-1β. The protein levels of COX-2, iNOS, phosphorylated (p)-p65, p65, p-NF-κβ inhibitor α (IκBα), IκBα, p-inhibitor of NF-κβ-β (IKKβ) and IKKβ were evaluated by western blotting. NF-κB translocation was determined by immunofluorescence analysis. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were used to detect expression levels of relevant proteins/genes. The results suggested that the inhibitory effect of AG on the protein and gene expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes was dose-dependent. In addition, AG decreased the level of phosphorylation of IKKβ, IκBα and NF-κB p65, the degradation of IKKβ, IκBα and p65, and the translocation of NF-κB in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. The most significant inhibitory effect of AG was observed at a concentration of 1 mM. Therefore, the present study suggested that AG may serve as a potential agent to reduce the inflammatory response of chondrocytes stimulated by IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiang Ma
- Department of Clinical Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Song
- Department of Clinical Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Tianwen Ma
- Department of Clinical Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Clinical Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Bai
- Department of Clinical Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Department of Clinical Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Department of Clinical Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Yajing Wen
- Department of Clinical Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Clinical Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
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Thiosemicarbazone derivatives, thiazolyl hydrazones, effectively inhibit leukemic tumor cell growth: Down-regulation of ribonucleotide reductase activity and synergism with arabinofuranosylcytosine. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:53-62. [PMID: 28716444 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellular growth inhibition exerted by thiosemicarbazones is mainly attributed to down-regulation of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) activity, with RNR being responsible for the rate-limiting step of de novo DNA synthesis. In this study, we investigated the antineoplastic effects of three newly synthesized thiosemicarbazone derivatives, thiazolyl hydrazones, in human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. The cytotoxicity of compounds alone and in combination with arabinofuranosylcytosine (AraC) was determined by growth inhibition assays. Effects on deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) concentrations were quantified by HPLC, and the incorporation of radio-labeled 14C-cytidine into nascent DNA was measured using a beta counter. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by FACS, and protein levels of RNR subunits and checkpoint kinases were evaluated by Western blotting. VG12, VG19, and VG22 dose-dependently decreased intracellular dNTP concentrations, impaired cell cycle progression and, consequently, inhibited the growth of HL-60 cells. VG19 also lowered the protein levels of RNR subunits R1 and R2 and significantly diminished the incorporation of radio-labeled 14C-cytidine, being equivalent to an inhibition of DNA synthesis. Combination of thiazolyl hydrazones with AraC synergistically potentiated the antiproliferative effects seen with each drug alone and might therefore improve conventional chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of human malignancies such as acute promyelocytic or chronic myelogenous leukemia.
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Saiko P, Steinmann MT, Schuster H, Graser G, Bressler S, Giessrigl B, Lackner A, Grusch M, Krupitza G, Bago-Horvath Z, Jaeger W, Fritzer-Szekeres M, Szekeres T. Epigallocatechin gallate, ellagic acid, and rosmarinic acid perturb dNTP pools and inhibit de novo DNA synthesis and proliferation of human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells: Synergism with arabinofuranosylcytosine. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:213-22. [PMID: 25636891 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ellagic acid (EA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) are natural polyphenols exerting cancer chemopreventive effects. Ribonucleotide reductase (RR; EC 1.17.4.1) converts ribonucleoside diphosphates into deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates being essential for DNA replication, which is why the enzyme is considered an excellent target for anticancer therapy. EGCG, EA, and RA dose-dependently inhibited the growth of human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells, exerted strong free radical scavenging potential, and significantly imbalanced nuclear deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) concentrations without distinctly affecting the protein levels of RR subunits (R1, R2, p53R2). Incorporation of (14)C-cytidine into nascent DNA of tumor cells was also significantly lowered, being equivalent to an inhibition of DNA synthesis. Consequently, treatment with EGCG and RA attenuated cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, finally resulting in a pronounced induction of apoptosis. Sequential combination of EA and RA with the first-line antileukemic agent arabinofuranosylcytosine (AraC) synergistically potentiated the antiproliferative effect of AraC, whereas EGCG plus AraC yielded additive effects. Taken together, we show for the first time that EGCG, EA, and RA perturbed dNTP levels and inhibited cell proliferation in human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells, with EGCG and RA causing a pronounced induction of apoptosis. Due to these effects and synergism with AraC, these food ingredients deserve further preclinical and in vivo testing as inhibitors of leukemic cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Saiko
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie-Thérèse Steinmann
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heike Schuster
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Geraldine Graser
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Bressler
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Giessrigl
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Lackner
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsuzsanna Bago-Horvath
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Jaeger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Fritzer-Szekeres
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Szekeres
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Saiko P, Graser G, Giessrigl B, Steinmann MT, Schuster H, Lackner A, Grusch M, Krupitza G, Jaeger W, Somepalli V, Golakoti T, Fritzer-Szekeres M, Szekeres T. Digalloylresveratrol, a novel resveratrol analog inhibits the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2013; 31:1115-24. [PMID: 23943154 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-013-0009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Digalloylresveratrol (DIG) is a recently synthesized substance aimed to combine the effects of the natural polyphenolic compounds gallic acid and resveratrol, which both are excellent free radical scavengers with anticancer activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of DIG in the human AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. Treatment with DIG dose-dependently attenuated cells in the S phase of the cell cycle and led to a significant depletion of the dATP pool in AsPC-1 cells. The incorporation of (14)C-cytidine into nascent DNA of tumor cells was significantly inhibited at all DIG concentrations due to inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, a key enzyme of DNA synthesis in tumor cells. Furthermore, Erk1/2 became inactivated and moderated p38 phosphorylation reflecting increased replication stress. DIG also activated ATM and Chk2, and induced the phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation of the proto-oncogene Cdc25A, which contributed to cell cycle attenuation. Taken together, DIG is an excellent free radical scavenger, strongly inhibits RR in situ activity, cell cycle progression, and colony formation in AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells thus warranting further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Saiko
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Basu A, Sinha BN, Saiko P, Szekeres T. Effect of substitution at N″-position of N′-hydroxy-N-amino guanidines on tumor cell growth. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4934-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Basu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India.
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Basu A, Sinha BN. Understanding the molecular interactions of different radical scavengers with ribonucleotide reductase M2 (hRRM2) domain: opening the gates and gaining access. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2012; 26:865-81. [PMID: 22639080 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-012-9581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We employed a combination of molecular docking and dynamics to understand the interaction of three different radical scavengers (SB-HSC21, ABNM13 and trimidox) with ribonucleotide reductase M2 (hRRM2) domain. On the basis of the observed results, we can propose how these ligands interact with the enzyme, and cease the radical transfer step from the di-iron center to TYR176. All the ligands alter the electron density over TYR176, -OH group by forming an extremely stable H-bond with either -NHOH group, or with phenolic hydroxyl group of the ligands. This change in electronic density disrupts the water bridge between TYR176, -OH and the di-iron center, which stops the single electron transfer process from TYR176, -OH to iron. As a consequence the enzyme is inhibited. Another interesting observation that we are reporting is the two stage gate keeping mechanism of the RR active site tunnel. We describe these as the outer Gate-1 controlled by ARG330, and the inner Gate-2 controlled by SER263, PHE240, and PHE236. We also observed a dynamic conformational shift in these residues, the incoming ligands can go through, and interact with the underlying TYR176, -OH group. From the study we found the active-site of hRRM2 is extremely flexible and shows a significant induced fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Basu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835 215, Jharkhand, India.
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Basu A, Sinha BN, Saiko P, Graser G, Szekeres T. N-Hydroxy-N′-aminoguanidines as anti-cancer lead molecule: QSAR, synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3324-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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