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Campo C, Gangemi S, Pioggia G, Allegra A. Beneficial Effect of Olive Oil and Its Derivates: Focus on Hematological Neoplasm. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:583. [PMID: 38792604 PMCID: PMC11122568 DOI: 10.3390/life14050583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Olive oil (Olea europaea) is one of the major components of the Mediterranean diet and is composed of a greater percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid; polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid; and minor compounds, such as phenolic compounds, and particularly hydroxytyrosol. The latter, in fact, are of greater interest since they have found widespread use in popular medicine. In recent years, it has been documented that phenolic acids and in particular hydroxytyrosol have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative action and therefore interest in their possible use in clinical practice and in particular in neoplasms, both solid and hematological, has arisen. This work aims to summarize and analyze the studies present in the literature, both in vitro and in vivo, on the possible use of minor components of olive oil in some hematological neoplasms. In recent years, in fact, interest in nutraceutical science has expanded as a possible adjuvant in the treatment of neoplastic pathologies. Although it is worth underlining that, regarding the object of our study, there are still few preclinical and clinical studies, it is, however, possible to document a role of possible interest in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Campo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 9815 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98158 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 9815 Messina, Italy;
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2
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Rojas Gil AP, Kodonis I, Ioannidis A, Nomikos T, Dimopoulos I, Kosmidis G, Katsa ME, Melliou E, Magiatis P. The Effect of Dietary Intervention With High-Oleocanthal and Oleacein Olive Oil in Patients With Early-Stage Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Pilot Randomized Trial. Front Oncol 2022; 11:810249. [PMID: 35127522 PMCID: PMC8814521 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.810249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Oleocanthal and oleacein (OC/OL) have important in vitro and in vivo antitumor properties; however, there is no data about their anticancer activity in humans. The aim of this pilot study was to test if patients at early stage of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) could adhere to and tolerate an intervention with high OC/OL extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and if this intervention could lead to any changes in markers related to the disease. Methods A pilot dietary intervention (DI) was made in patients with CLL in Rai stages 0–II who did not follow any treatment (NCT04215367). In the first intervention (DI1), 20 CLL patients were included in a blind randomized study and were separated into two groups. One group (A) of 10 patients consumed 40 ml/day of high OC/OL-EVOO (416 mg/Kg OC and 284 mg/kg OL) for 3 months. A second group (B) of 10 patients consumed 40 ml/day of low OC/OL (82 mg/kg OC and 33 mg/kg OL) for 3 months. After a washout period of 9–12 months, a second intervention (DI2) only with High OC/OL-EVOO for 6 months was performed with 22 randomly selected patients (16 from the DI1 (8 from each group) and 6 new). Hematological, biochemical, and apoptotic markers were analyzed in the serum of the patients. In addition, cellular proliferation and apoptosis markers were studied in isolated proteins from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results The results of the DI1 showed beneficial effects on hematological and apoptotic markers only with High OC/OL-EVOO. During the DI2, a decrease in the white blood cell and lymphocyte count was observed (p ≤0.05), comparing 3 months before the intervention and 6 months after it. After 3 and 6 months of DI2, an increase (p ≤0.05) was observed in the apoptotic markers ccK18 and Apo1-Fas, and also in the cell cycle negative regulator p21, and also a decrease in the antiapoptotic protein Survivin, and in the cellular proliferation marker Cyclin D. Conclusions This is the first clinical trial with High OC/OL-EVOO that indicates that it could be a promising dietary feature for the improvement of CLL inducing the apoptosis of their cancer cells and improving the metabolism of the patients. Clinical Trial Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04215367, identifier: NCT04215367.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Paola Rojas Gil
- Laboratory of Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kodonis
- Hematology Department, General Hospital of Lakonia, Sparta, Greece
| | - Anastasios Ioannidis
- Laboratory of Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece
| | - Tzortzis Nomikos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Kosmidis
- Laboratory of Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece
| | - Maria Efthymia Katsa
- Laboratory of Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Melliou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Prokopios Magiatis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Prokopios Magiatis,
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3
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The structural basis for cancer drug interactions with the catalytic and allosteric sites of SAMHD1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10022-E10031. [PMID: 30305425 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805593115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SAMHD1 is a deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) that depletes cellular dNTPs in noncycling cells to promote genome stability and to inhibit retroviral and herpes viral replication. In addition to being substrates, cellular nucleotides also allosterically regulate SAMHD1 activity. Recently, it was shown that high expression levels of SAMHD1 are also correlated with significantly worse patient responses to nucleotide analog drugs important for treating a variety of cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we used biochemical, structural, and cellular methods to examine the interactions of various cancer drugs with SAMHD1. We found that both the catalytic and the allosteric sites of SAMHD1 are sensitive to sugar modifications of the nucleotide analogs, with the allosteric site being significantly more restrictive. We crystallized cladribine-TP, clofarabine-TP, fludarabine-TP, vidarabine-TP, cytarabine-TP, and gemcitabine-TP in the catalytic pocket of SAMHD1. We found that all of these drugs are substrates of SAMHD1 and that the efficacy of most of these drugs is affected by SAMHD1 activity. Of the nucleotide analogs tested, only cladribine-TP with a deoxyribose sugar efficiently induced the catalytically active SAMHD1 tetramer. Together, these results establish a detailed framework for understanding the substrate specificity and allosteric activation of SAMHD1 with regard to nucleotide analogs, which can be used to improve current cancer and antiviral therapies.
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4
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Zemanova J, Hylse O, Collakova J, Vesely P, Oltova A, Borsky M, Zaprazna K, Kasparkova M, Janovska P, Verner J, Kohoutek J, Dzimkova M, Bryja V, Jaskova Z, Brychtova Y, Paruch K, Trbusek M. Chk1 inhibition significantly potentiates activity of nucleoside analogs in TP53-mutated B-lymphoid cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62091-62106. [PMID: 27556692 PMCID: PMC5308713 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for TP53-mutated lymphoid tumors are very limited. In experimental models, TP53-mutated lymphomas were sensitive to direct inhibition of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), a pivotal regulator of replication. We initially tested the potential of the highly specific Chk1 inhibitor SCH900776 to synergize with nucleoside analogs (NAs) fludarabine, cytarabine and gemcitabine in cell lines derived from B-cell malignancies. In p53-proficient NALM-6 cells, SCH900776 added to NAs enhanced signaling towards Chk1 (pSer317/pSer345), effectively blocked Chk1 activation (Ser296 autophosphorylation), increased replication stress (p53 and γ-H2AX accumulation) and temporarily potentiated apoptosis. In p53-defective MEC-1 cell line representing adverse chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Chk1 inhibition together with NAs led to enhanced and sustained replication stress and significantly potentiated apoptosis. Altogether, among 17 tested cell lines SCH900776 sensitized four of them to all three NAs. Focusing further on MEC-1 and co-treatment of SCH900776 with fludarabine, we disclosed chromosome pulverization in cells undergoing aberrant mitoses. SCH900776 also increased the effect of fludarabine in a proportion of primary CLL samples treated with pro-proliferative stimuli, including those with TP53 disruption. Finally, we observed a fludarabine potentiation by SCH900776 in a T-cell leukemia 1 (TCL1)-driven mouse model of CLL. Collectively, we have substantiated the significant potential of Chk1 inhibition in B-lymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zemanova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Hylse
- Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Collakova
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vesely
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Oltova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Borsky
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Zaprazna
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Kasparkova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Janovska
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Verner
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kohoutek
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Dzimkova
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Jaskova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yvona Brychtova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Paruch
- Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Trbusek
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Davies C, Hogarth LA, Mackenzie KL, Hall AG, Lock RB. p21(WAF1) modulates drug-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:3602-12. [PMID: 26506264 PMCID: PMC4825786 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1100774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
p21(WAF1) is a well-characterized mediator of cell cycle arrest and may also modulate chemotherapy-induced cell death. The role of p21(WAF1) in drug-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells was investigated using p53-functional patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), in which p21(WAF1) was epigenetically silenced in T-cell ALL (T-ALL), but not in B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL PDXs. Upon exposure to diverse cytotoxic drugs, T-ALL PDX cells exhibited markedly increased caspase-3/7 activity and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization on the plasma membrane compared with BCP-ALL cells. Despite dramatic differences in apoptotic characteristics between T-ALL and BCP-ALL PDXs, both ALL subtypes exhibited similar cell death kinetics and were equally sensitive to p53-inducing drugs in vitro, although T-ALL PDXs were significantly more sensitive to the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat. Transient siRNA suppression of p21(WAF1) in the BCP-ALL 697 cell line resulted in a moderate depletion of the cell fraction in G1 phase and marked increase in PS externalization following exposure to etoposide. Furthermore, stable lentiviral p21(WAF1) silencing in the BCP-ALL Nalm-6 cell line accelerated PS externalization and cell death following exposure to etoposide and vorinostat, supporting previous findings. Finally, the Sp1 inhibitor, terameprocol, inhibited p21(WAF1) expression in Nalm-6 cells exposed to vorinostat and also partially augmented vorinostat-induced cell death. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that p21(WAF1) regulates the early stages of drug-induced apoptosis in ALL cells and significantly modulates their sensitivity to vorinostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carwyn Davies
- Children's Cancer Institute; Lowy Cancer Research Centre; UNSW Australia; Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Clinical Pharmacology Modeling and Simulation; GlaxoSmithKline R&D; Sydney, Australia
| | - Linda A Hogarth
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne; Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Karen L Mackenzie
- Children's Cancer Institute; Lowy Cancer Research Centre; UNSW Australia; Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew G Hall
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne; Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute; Lowy Cancer Research Centre; UNSW Australia; Sydney, NSW, Australia
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6
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Rommer A, Steinmetz B, Herbst F, Hackl H, Heffeter P, Heilos D, Filipits M, Steinleitner K, Hemmati S, Herbacek I, Schwarzinger I, Hartl K, Rondou P, Glimm H, Karakaya K, Krämer A, Berger W, Wieser R. EVI1 inhibits apoptosis induced by antileukemic drugs via upregulation of CDKN1A/p21/WAF in human myeloid cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56308. [PMID: 23457546 PMCID: PMC3572987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of ecotropic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) is associated with aggressive disease in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite of its clinical importance, little is known about the mechanism through which EVI1 confers resistance to antileukemic drugs. Here, we show that a human myeloid cell line constitutively overexpressing EVI1 after infection with a retroviral vector (U937_EVI1) was partially resistant to etoposide and daunorubicin as compared to empty vector infected control cells (U937_vec). Similarly, inducible expression of EVI1 in HL-60 cells decreased their sensitivity to daunorubicin. Gene expression microarray analyses of U937_EVI1 and U937_vec cells cultured in the absence or presence of etoposide showed that 77 and 419 genes were regulated by EVI1 and etoposide, respectively. Notably, mRNA levels of 26 of these genes were altered by both stimuli, indicating that EVI1 regulated genes were strongly enriched among etoposide regulated genes and vice versa. One of the genes that were induced by both EVI1 and etoposide was CDKN1A/p21/WAF, which in addition to its function as a cell cycle regulator plays an important role in conferring chemotherapy resistance in various tumor types. Indeed, overexpression of CDKN1A in U937 cells mimicked the phenotype of EVI1 overexpression, similarly conferring partial resistance to antileukemic drugs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Daunorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Etoposide/pharmacology
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- MDS1 and EVI1 Complex Locus Protein
- Mice
- Myeloid Cells/drug effects
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Myeloid Cells/pathology
- Proto-Oncogenes/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rommer
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Steinmetz
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friederike Herbst
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, and Research Platform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Heilos
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Filipits
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, and Research Platform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarina Steinleitner
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shayda Hemmati
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irene Herbacek
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, and Research Platform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse Schwarzinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Hartl
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pieter Rondou
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital Medical Research Building, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kadin Karakaya
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Haematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alwin Krämer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Haematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Berger
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, and Research Platform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rotraud Wieser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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7
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Zhan Z, He K, Zhu D, Jiang D, Huang YH, Li Y, Sun C, Jin YH. Phosphorylation of Rad9 at serine 328 by cyclin A-Cdk2 triggers apoptosis via interfering Bcl-xL. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44923. [PMID: 23028682 PMCID: PMC3441668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin A-Cdk2, a cell cycle regulated Ser/Thr kinase, plays important roles in a variety of apoptoticprocesses. However, the mechanism of cyclin A-Cdk2 regulated apoptosis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that Rad9, a member of the BH3-only subfamily of Bcl-2 proteins, could be phosphorylated by cyclin A-Cdk2 in vitro and in vivo. Cyclin A-Cdk2 catalyzed the phosphorylation of Rad9 at serine 328 in HeLa cells during apoptosis induced by etoposide, an inhibitor of topoisomeraseII. The phosphorylation of Rad9 resulted in its translocation from the nucleus to the mitochondria and its interaction with Bcl-xL. The forced activation of cyclin A-Cdk2 in these cells by the overexpression of cyclin A,triggered Rad9 phosphorylation at serine 328 and thereby promoted the interaction of Rad9 with Bcl-xL and the subsequent initiation of the apoptotic program. The pro-apoptotic effects regulated by the cyclin A-Cdk2 complex were significantly lower in cells transfected with Rad9S328A, an expression vector that encodes a Rad9 mutant that is resistant to cyclin A-Cdk2 phosphorylation. These findings suggest that cyclin A-Cdk2 regulates apoptosis through a mechanism that involves Rad9phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure & Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kan He
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying-Hui Huang
- Cancer Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying-Hua Jin
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure & Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail:
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8
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de Viron E, Michaux L, Put N, Bontemps F, Van Den Neste E. Present status and perspectives in functional analysis of p53 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1445-51. [PMID: 22280536 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.660630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrations of TP53 (mutations and/or deletions) are associated with a dismal prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Complete loss of ATM is another mechanism of failed DNA damage response and also associated with poorer prognosis in CLL. However, p53 dysfunction may arise through alternative mechanisms unrelated to structural aberrations (deletion and/or mutation) of TP53 or ATM, and thus be undetectable by traditional DNA-directed approaches (fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH], sequencing, karyotyping). In order to address the latter changes, and also to better understand the consequences of TP53/ATM aberrations, p53 functional assays have recently been developed. The purpose of dynamic assessment of p53 response in CLL is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of all mechanisms causing p53-deficient phenotype, including those unrelated to genomic aberrations of TP53 and ATM. The present review focuses on the current knowledge of p53 function assays in CLL, including important features such as technical issues, correlation with structural aberrations and clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline de Viron
- De Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Liu Q, Mier JW, Panka DJ. Differential modulatory effects of GSK-3β and HDM2 on sorafenib-induced AIF nuclear translocation (programmed necrosis) in melanoma. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:115. [PMID: 21929745 PMCID: PMC3189171 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GSK-3β phosphorylates numerous substrates that govern cell survival. It phosphorylates p53, for example, and induces its nuclear export, HDM2-dependent ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation. GSK-3β can either enhance or inhibit programmed cell death, depending on the nature of the pro-apoptotic stimulus. We previously showed that the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib activated GSK-3β and that this activation attenuated the cytotoxic effects of the drug in various BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines. In this report, we describe the results of studies exploring the effects of GSK-3β on the cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of sorafenib combined with the HDM2 antagonist MI-319. Results MI-319 alone increased p53 levels and p53-dependent gene expression in melanoma cells but did not induce programmed cell death. Its cytotoxicity, however, was augmented in some melanoma cell lines by the addition of sorafenib. In responsive cell lines, the MI-319/sorafenib combination induced the disappearance of p53 from the nucleus, the down modulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, the translocation of p53 to the mitochondria and that of AIF to the nuclei. These events were all GSK-3β-dependent in that they were blocked with a GSK-3β shRNA and facilitated in otherwise unresponsive melanoma cell lines by the introduction of a constitutively active form of the kinase (GSK-3β-S9A). These modulatory effects of GSK-3β on the activities of the sorafenib/MI-319 combination were the exact reverse of its effects on the activities of sorafenib alone, which induced the down modulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and the nuclear translocation of AIF only in cells in which GSK-3β activity was either down modulated or constitutively low. In A375 xenografts, the antitumor effects of sorafenib and MI-319 were additive and associated with the down modulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, the nuclear translocation of AIF, and increased suppression of tumor angiogenesis. Conclusions Our data demonstrate a complex partnership between GSK-3β and HDM2 in the regulation of p53 function in the nucleus and mitochondria. The data suggest that the ability of sorafenib to activate GSK-3β and alter the intracellular distribution of p53 may be exploitable as an adjunct to agents that prevent the HDM2-dependent degradation of p53 in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Liu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Guo XX, Kim H, Li Y, Yim H, Lee SK, Jin YH. Cdk2 acts upstream of mitochondrial permeability transition during paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Protein Cell 2011; 2:543-53. [PMID: 21822799 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-011-1071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) controls mammalian cell cycle. Here we demonstrate that the upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) activity coincides with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Ectopic expression of the dominant negative Cdk2 (Cdk2-dn) and a specific Cdk2 inhibitor, p21( WAF1/CIP1 ), effectively suppresses the loss of MMP, the release of cytochrome c, and subsequent activation of caspase-3 in paclitaxel-treated cells. Whereas forced activation of Cdk2 by overexpression of cyclin A dramatically promotes these events. We further show that Cdk2 activation status does not interfere with a procedure that lies downstream of cytochrome c release induced by Bax protein. These findings suggest that Cdk2 kinase can regulate apoptosis at earlier stages than mitochondrial permeability transition and cytochrome c release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Guo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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