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Ma Q. MiR-219-5p suppresses cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by targeting CCNA2. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:4. [PMID: 30766610 PMCID: PMC6362576 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the potential regulatory role of miR-219-5p in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and looked at the underlying mechanisms in ESCC. Methods Real-time PCR was used to determine the levels of miR-219-5p in ESCC tissues and cell lines. The effects of miR-219-5p and cyclin A2 (CCNA2) on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were evaluated using MTT, colony formation and flow cytometry assays with ESCC cell lines EC9706 and TE-9. Bioinformatics techniques and the luciferase reporter assay were applied to validate CCNA2 as the miR-219-5p target in ESCC cells. The mRNA and protein levels of CCNA2 were measured using real-time PCR and western blotting. Results MiR-219-5p expression was significantly lower in ESCC tissues and cells than in healthy tissues. Upregulation of miR-219-5p repressed cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. CCNA2 was identified and confirmed as a direct downstream target of miR-219-5p and its expression negatively correlated with miR-219-5p profiles in ESCC tissues. Knockdown of CCNA2 potentiated the effects of miR-219-5p on cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that miR-219-5p might function as a tumor suppressor by directly targeting CCNA2 expression. It could serve as a new therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Xintai City, No. 1329 Xinfu Road, Xintai, 271200 Shandong Province China
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A Synergistic Anti-Cancer Effect of Troglitazone and Lovastatin in a Human Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cell Line and in a Mouse Xenograft Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071834. [PMID: 29932104 PMCID: PMC6073567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a malignant subtype of thyroid cancers and its mechanism of development remains inconclusive. Importantly, there is no effective strategy for treatment since ATC is not responsive to conventional therapies, including radioactive iodine therapy and thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression. Here, we report that a combinational approach consisting of drugs designed for targeting lipid metabolism, lovastatin (an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, HMGCR) and troglitazone (an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, PPARγ), exhibits anti-proliferation in cell culture systems and leads to tumor regression in a mouse xenograft model. The composition contains a sub-lethal concentration of both drugs and exhibits low toxicity to certain types of normal cells. Our results support a hypothesis that the inhibitory effect of the combination is partly through a cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, as evidenced by the induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21cip and p27kip, and the reduction of hyperphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pp-Rb)-E2F1 signaling. Therefore, targeting two pathways involved in lipid metabolism may provide a new direction for treating ATC.
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Wang CY, Shui HA, Chang TC. Dual effects for lovastatin in anaplastic thyroid cancer: the pivotal effect of transketolase (TKT) on lovastatin and tumor proliferation. J Investig Med 2018; 66:1-9. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2017-000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that the effects of lovastatin on anaplastic thyroid cancer cell growth are mediated by upregulation of transketolase (TKT) expression. The effects of lovastatin on TKT protein levels in ARO cells were determined using western blot and proteomic analyses. After treatment with lovastatin and oxythiamine, the in vitro and in vivo growth of ARO cells was determined using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and tumor xenografts in nude mice. TKT protein expression in the ARO tumors was assessed using immunohistochemistry analysis. Proteomic analysis revealed that 25 µM lovastatin upregulated TKT expression. Co-treatment of ARO cells with 1 µM lovastatin + 1 µM oxythiamine increased TKT protein expression compared with control levels; however, no differences were observed with 10 µM lovastatin + 1 µM oxythiamine. Furthermore, treatment with either oxythiamine or lovastatin alone reduced ARO tumor expression of TKT, as well as decreased ARO cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. However, mice treated with both lovastatin and oxythiamine at the same time had tumor volumes similar to that of the untreated control group. We conclude that either lovastatin or oxythiamine reduced ARO cell growth; however, the combination of these drugs resulted in antagonism of ARO tumor growth.
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Peng X, Pan K, Zhao W, Zhang J, Yuan S, Wen X, Zhou W, Yu Z. NPTX1 inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation through down-regulating cyclin A2 and CDK2 expression. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:589-597. [PMID: 29345391 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Peng
- Department of Pathology; Huizhou First Hospital; Huizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Kangming Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- Department of Pathology; Huizhou First Hospital; Huizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhu Zhang
- Department of Pathology; Huizhou First Hospital; Huizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Shicheng Yuan
- Department of Pathology; Huizhou First Hospital; Huizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Pathology; Huizhou First Hospital; Huizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Wenquan Zhou
- Department of Pathology; Huizhou First Hospital; Huizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijin Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology; Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital; Huizhou People's Republic of China
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Demir C, Anil C, Bozkus Y, Mousa U, Kut A, Nar A, Tutuncu NB. Do Statins Affect Thyroid Volume and Nodule Size in Patients with Hyperlipidemia in a Region with Mild-to-Moderate Iodine Deficiency? A Prospective Study. Med Princ Pract 2018; 27:1-7. [PMID: 29402848 PMCID: PMC5968300 DOI: 10.1159/000486748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the antiproliferative pleiotropic effects of statins on thyroid function, volume, and nodularity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred and six hyperlipidemic patients were included in this prospective study. The 69 patients in the statin groups received atorvastatin (16 received 10 mg and 18 received 20 mg) or rosuvastatin (20 received 10 mg and 15 received 20 mg). The 37 patients in the control group, assessed as not requiring drugs, made only lifestyle changes. Upon admission and after 6 months, all patients were evaluated by ultrasonography as well as for lipid variables (total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides) and thyroid function and structure. RESULTS After 6 months, no differences in thyroid function, thyroid volume, the number of thyroid nodules, or nodule size were observed in the statin and control groups. In a subgroup analysis, total thyroid volume had decreased more in patients receiving 20 mg of rosuvastatin than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Maximum nodule size had decreased more in those receiving 10 mg of rosuvastatin (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest an association between rosuvastatin treatment and smaller thyroid volume and maximum nodule diameter; this could be attributable to the antiproliferative effects of statin therapy on the thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Demir
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cuneyd Anil
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- *Cuneyd Anil, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baskent University School of Medicine, Fevzi Cakmak Cad., 10. Sok., No. 45, Bahcelievler, TR-06490 Ankara (Turkey), E-Mail
| | - Yusuf Bozkus
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Mousa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Altug Kut
- Department Family Medicine, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asli Nar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neslihan B. Tutuncu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Chen W, Wang W, Chen L, Chen J, Lu X, Li Z, Wu B, Yin L, Guan YQ. Long-term G 1 cell cycle arrest in cervical cancer cells induced by co-immobilized TNF-α plus IFN-γ polymeric drugs. J Mater Chem B 2017; 6:327-336. [PMID: 32254174 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02608k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A realistic control of cell cycle arrest is an attractive goal for the development of new effective anti-cancer drugs. Any clinical application of an effective anti-cancer drug necessarily relies on the understanding of cellular interaction mechanisms. In the present study, we prepared a co-immobilized TNF-α plus IFN-γ biomaterial, which showed a significant inhibition effect on cervical cancer cell growth, as demonstrated by a series of structural and cellular characterizations. We found that co-immobilized TNF-α plus IFN-α induced a long-term G1 phase cell cycle arrest in HeLa, SiHa, and CaSki cells, respectively. More surprisingly, the expression level of the p27 protein decreased, even when p27 mRNA was highly expressed. In addition, gene-chip results and microarray analysis showed that p57 may be downstream from p27, which acts as a direct regulator of the long-term G1 cell cycle arrest in these cells, leaving no escape for cervical cancer cells. Finally, we also investigated the anti-tumor mechanism of co-immobilized TNF-α plus IFN-γin vivo, using a nude mice animal model. To sum up, our findings suggested that the co-immobilized TNF-α plus IFN-γ can induce a long-term cell cycle arrest in cancer, thus serving as a very efficient tool for treating cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuya Chen
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China.
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Chen MC, Tsai YC, Tseng JH, Liou JJ, Horng S, Wen HC, Fan YC, Zhong WB, Hsu SP. Simvastatin Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration in Human Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122690. [PMID: 29236027 PMCID: PMC5751292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant human anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is pertinacious to conventional therapies. The present study investigated the anti-cancer activity of simvastatin and its underlying regulatory mechanism in cultured ATC cells. Simvastatin (0–20 μM) concentration-dependently reduced cell viability and relative colony formation. Depletions of mevalonate (MEV) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGpp) by simvastatin induced G1 arrest and increased apoptotic cell populations at the sub-G1 phase. Adding MEV and GGpp prevented the simvastatin-inhibited cell proliferation. Immunoblotting analysis illustrated that simvastatin diminished the activation of RhoA and Rac1 protein, and this effect was prevented by pre-treatment with MEV and GGpp. Simvastatin increased the levels of p21cip and p27kip proteins and reduced the levels of hyperphosphorylated-Rb, E2F1 and CCND1 proteins. Adding GGpp abolished the simvastatin-increased levels of p27kip protein, and the GGpp-caused effect was abolished by Skp2 inhibition. Introduction of Cyr61 siRNA into ATC cells prevented the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-enhanced cell migration. The EGF-induced increases of Cyr61 protein expression and cell migration were prevented by simvastatin. Taken together, these results suggest that simvastatin induced ATC proliferation inhibition through the deactivation of RhoA/Rac1 protein and overexpression of p21cip and p27kip, and migration inhibition through the abrogation of Cyr61 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chieh Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Chin Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Ho Tseng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Jr-Jiun Liou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Steve Horng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Heng-Ching Wen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ching Fan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Bin Zhong
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Po Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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8
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Wang Z, Jin G, Wu Q, Wang R, Li Y. Immature colon carcinoma transcript-1 promotes proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:979-988. [PMID: 29036264 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignant tumor and has been considered as one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The identification of the molecular mechanism during gastric cancer progression is urgently needed, which will help to develop more effective treatment strategies. As a component of the human mitoribosome, immature colon carcinoma transcript-1 (ICT1) might be involved in tumor formation and progression. However, its biological function and the corresponding mechanism in gastric cancer have been poorly characterized. To study the mechanism of ICT1 in gastric cancer, we first investigated the mRNA levels of ICT1 in human normal and gastric cancer tissues using datasets from the publicly available Oncomine database. The results showed that ICT1 is overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues. Then in order to study the role of ICT1 in gastric cancer, two shRNAs were used to silence ICT1 in MGC80-3 and AGS cells. Functional analysis showed ICT1 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and induced apoptosis. Further, mechanistic study demonstrated that ICT1 silencing induced cell-cycle arrest at G2/M phase via the suppression of cyclin A2 and cyclin B1. In addition, ICT1 silencing also increased cleaved caspase-3 and activated PARP in gastric cancer cells. These findings suggest that ICT1 may play a crucial role in promoting gastric cancer proliferation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
| | - Gongsheng Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
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9
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Guoxin Y, Bing F, Ronghai Z, Jian Z, Xiaofeng S, Lei T, Qimin W, Jinhong H, Xufei L, Ying W, Yuan Z, Zongxuan H, Yixiang L, Ning L, Lei C, Zhenggang C. [Effects of RhoA silencing on proliferation of tongue squamous cancer cells]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 34:620-625. [PMID: 28318165 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of RhoA silencing through RNA interference on proliferation and growth of tongue cancer cells, as well as explored the possible mechanisms of this effect. METHODS SSC-4 tongue cancer cells were cultured in vitro and then transfected with small interfering RNA to knock down RhoA expression. The tested cells were divided into three groups: experimental group (experimental group 1: transfected with RhoA-siRNA-1; experi-mental group 2: transfected with RhoA-siRNA-2), negative control group (transfected by random sequence NC-siRNA), and blank control group (transfected with Lipofectamine). The expression levels of RhoA mRNA were respectively measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. Moreover, the expression levels of cyclin D1, p21, and p27 and RhoA protein were evaluated by Western blot assay. Proliferation and growth potentiality were analyzed through evaluation of doubling times and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assessment. RESULTS The expression levels of RhoA gene and protein of experimental groups significantly decreased following siRNA transfection compared with those in the negative and blank control groups. The expression of cyclin D1 decreased significantly and that of p21 and p27 increased significantly. The doubling time was extended and the growth potentiality decreased. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that RhoA silencing can inhibit proliferation of tongue cancer cells, whereas RhoA affects cell proliferation by regulating the cell cycle pathway. Thus, RhoA is a potential target in gene therapy for tongue cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guoxin
- Dept. of Stomatology, Wuxi No 2. People's Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Fan Bing
- Dept. of Stomatology, Wuxi No 2. People's Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Zou Ronghai
- Dept. of Stomatology, Wuxi No 2. People's Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Zhang Jian
- Dept. of Stomatology, Wuxi No 2. People's Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Sun Xiaofeng
- Dept. of Stomatology, Wuxi No 2. People's Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Tong Lei
- Center of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wang Qimin
- Center of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Han Jinhong
- Center of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lu Xufei
- Dept. of Stomatology, Pudong Healthcare Center of Jimo County, Qingdao 266234, China
| | - Wang Ying
- College of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261021, China
| | - Zhou Yuan
- College of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261021, China
| | - He Zongxuan
- Center of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Liao Yixiang
- Center of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Ning
- Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Cao Lei
- Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chen Zhenggang
- Center of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266071, China;Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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10
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Liang W, Guan H, He X, Ke W, Xu L, Liu L, Xiao H, Li Y. Down-regulation of SOSTDC1 promotes thyroid cancer cell proliferation via regulating cyclin A2 and cyclin E2. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31780-91. [PMID: 26378658 PMCID: PMC4741639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin domain containing protein 1 (SOSTDC1) is down-regulated and acts as a tumor suppressor in some kinds of cancers. However, the expression pattern and biological significance of SOSTDC1 in thyroid cancer are largely unknown. We demonstrated that SOSTDC1 was significantly down-regulated in thyroid cancer. Ectopic over-expression of SOSTDC1 inhibited proliferation and induced G1/S arrest in thyroid cancer cells. Moreover, SOSTDC1 over-expression suppressed the growth of tumor xenografts in nude mice. We also found that elevated SOSTDC1 led to inhibition of cyclin A2 and cyclin E2. Together, our results demonstrate that SOSTDC1 is down-regulated in thyroid cancer and might be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weijian Ke
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liehua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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11
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Ryan SL, Baird AM, Vaz G, Urquhart AJ, Senge M, Richard DJ, O'Byrne KJ, Davies AM. Drug Discovery Approaches Utilizing Three-Dimensional Cell Culture. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:19-28. [PMID: 26866750 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2015.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, two-dimensional (2D) cell culture has been the preferred method of producing disease models in vitro. Recently, there has been a move away from 2D culture in favor of generating three-dimensional (3D) multicellular structures, which are thought to be more representative of the in vivo environment. This transition has brought with it an influx of technologies capable of producing these structures in various ways. However, it is becoming evident that many of these technologies do not perform well in automated in vitro drug discovery units. We believe that this is a result of their incompatibility with high-throughput screening (HTS). In this study, we review a number of technologies, which are currently available for producing in vitro 3D disease models. We assess their amenability with high-content screening and HTS and highlight our own work in attempting to address many of the practical problems that are hampering the successful deployment of 3D cell systems in mainstream research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Louise Ryan
- 1 Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia .,2 Translational Cell Imaging Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- 1 Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia .,2 Translational Cell Imaging Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia .,3 Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gisela Vaz
- 4 Medical Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aaron J Urquhart
- 1 Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia .,2 Translational Cell Imaging Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mathias Senge
- 4 Medical Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek J Richard
- 1 Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- 1 Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia .,3 Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland .,5 Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony M Davies
- 2 Translational Cell Imaging Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia .,6 Irish National Centre for High Content Screening and Analysis, Institute of Molecular Medicine , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Trojan PJJ, Bohatch-Junior MS, Otuki MF, Souza-Fonseca-Guimarães F, Svidnicki PV, Nogaroto V, Fernandes D, Krum EA, Favero GM. Pravastatin induces cell cycle arrest and decreased production of VEGF and bFGF in multiple myeloma cell line. BRAZ J BIOL 2016; 76:59-65. [PMID: 26909624 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.11914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B cell bone marrow neoplasia characterized by inflammation with an intense secretion of growth factors that promote tumor growth, cell survival, migration and invasion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pravastatin, a drug used to reduce cholesterol, in a MM cell line.Cell cycle and viability were determinate by Trypan Blue and Propidium Iodide. IL6, VEGF, bFGF and TGFβ were quantified by ELISA and qRT-PCR including here de HMG CoA reductase. It was observed reduction of cell viability, increase of cells in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and reducing the factors VEGF and bFGF without influence on 3-Methyl-Glutaryl Coenzyme A reductase expression.The results demonstrated that pravastatin induces cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 and decreased production of growth factors in Multiple Myeloma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J J Trojan
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - M S Bohatch-Junior
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - M F Otuki
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - F Souza-Fonseca-Guimarães
- Unit Cytokines and Inflammation, Department Infection and Epidemiology Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - P V Svidnicki
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Estrutural e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - V Nogaroto
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Estrutural e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - D Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - E A Krum
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - G M Favero
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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13
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Becker C, Jick SS, Meier CR, Bodmer M. No evidence for a decreased risk of thyroid cancer in association with use of metformin or other antidiabetic drugs: a case-control study. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:719. [PMID: 26475035 PMCID: PMC4609106 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Use of metformin has been associated with a decreased cancer risk. We aimed to explore whether use of metformin or other antidiabetic drugs is associated with a decreased risk for thyroid cancer. Methods We conducted a case-control analysis (1995 to 2014) using the U.K.-based Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Cases had a first-time diagnosis of thyroid cancer, six controls per case were matched on age, sex, calendar time, general practice, and number of years of active history in the database prior to the index date. We assessed odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI), adjusted for body mass index (BMI), smoking, and diabetes mellitus. Results In 1229 cases and 7374 matched controls, the risk of thyroid cancer associated with ever use of metformin yielded an adjusted OR of 1.48, 95 % CI 0.86–2.54. The relative risk estimate was highest in long-term (≥30 prescriptions) users of metformin (adjusted OR 1.83, 95 % CI 0.92–3.65), based on a limited number of 26 exposed cases. No such association was found in users of sulfonylurea, insulin, or thiazolidinediones (TZD). Neither a diabetes diagnosis (adjusted OR 1.17, 95 % CI 0.89–1.54), nor diabetes duration >8 years (adjusted OR 1.22, 95 % CI 0.60–2.51) altered the risk of thyroid cancer. Conclusion In our observational study with limited statistical power, neither use of metformin nor of other antidiabetic drugs were associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Becker
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 27, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Susan S Jick
- Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University School of Public Health, Lexington, MA, USA.
| | - Christoph R Meier
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 27, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University School of Public Health, Lexington, MA, USA. .,Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Bodmer
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 27, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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14
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Feldt M, Bjarnadottir O, Kimbung S, Jirström K, Bendahl PO, Veerla S, Grabau D, Hedenfalk I, Borgquist S. Statin-induced anti-proliferative effects via cyclin D1 and p27 in a window-of-opportunity breast cancer trial. J Transl Med 2015; 13:133. [PMID: 25925673 PMCID: PMC4424530 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cholesterol lowering statins have been demonstrated to exert anti-tumoral effects on breast cancer by decreasing proliferation as measured by Ki67. The biological mechanisms behind the anti-proliferative effects remain elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate potential statin-induced effects on the central cell cycle regulators cyclin D1 and p27. Experimental design This phase II window-of-opportunity trial (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00816244, NIH) included 50 patients with primary invasive breast cancer. High-dose atorvastatin (80 mg/day) was prescribed to patients for two weeks prior to surgery. Paired paraffin embedded pre- and post-statin treatment tumor samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry for the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and the cell cycle regulators cyclin D1 and p27. Corresponding frozen tumor sample pairs were analyzed for expression of the genes coding for cyclin D1 and p27, CCND1 and CDKN1B, respectively. Results Forty-two patients completed all study parts, and immunohistochemical evaluation of ER and PR was achievable in 30 tumor pairs, HER2 in 29 tumor pairs, cyclin D1 in 30 tumor pairs and p27 in 33 tumor pairs. The expression of ER, PR and HER2 did not change significantly following atorvastatin treatment. Cyclin D1 expression in terms of nuclear intensity was significantly decreased (P = 0.008) after statin treatment in paired tumor samples. The protein expression of the tumor suppressor p27, evaluated either as the fraction of stained tumor cells or as cytoplasmic intensity, increased significantly (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). At the transcriptional level, no significant differences in mRNA expression were detected for cyclin D1 (CCND1) and p27 (CDKN1B). However, CCND1 expression was lower in tumors responding to atorvastatin treatment with a decrease in proliferation although not significantly (P = 0.08). Conclusions We have previously reported statin-induced anti-proliferative effects in breast cancer. This study suggests that cell cycle regulatory effects may contribute to these anti-proliferative effects via cyclin D1 and p27. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0486-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Feldt
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Olöf Bjarnadottir
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Siker Kimbung
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Karin Jirström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Pär-Ola Bendahl
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Srinivas Veerla
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Dorthe Grabau
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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Abstract
This review provides up-to-date information on the anticancer properties of Monascus-fermented products. Topics covered include clinical evidence for the anticancer potential of Monascus metabolites, bioactive Monascus components with anticancer potential, mechanisms of the anticancer effects of Monascus metabolites, and existing problems as well as future perspectives. With the advancement of related fields, the development of novel anticancer Monascus food products and/or pharmaceuticals will be possible with the ultimate goal of decreasing the incidence and mortality of malignancies in humans.
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Zafon C, Obiols G, Mesa J. [Statin therapy does not influence in the form onset of differentiated thyroid carcinoma]. Med Clin (Barc) 2015; 144:44-5. [PMID: 24768198 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carles Zafon
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
| | - Gabriel Obiols
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Jordi Mesa
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Barszczyk A, Sun HS, Quan Y, Zheng W, Charlton MP, Feng ZP. Differential roles of the mevalonate pathway in the development and survival of mouse Purkinje cells in culture. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1116-29. [PMID: 24973985 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum is an important locus for motor learning and higher cognitive functions, and Purkinje cells constitute a key component of its circuit. Biochemically, significant turnover of cholesterol occurs in Purkinje cells, causing the activation of the mevalonate pathway. The mevalonate pathway has important roles in cell survival and development. In this study, we investigated the outcomes of mevalonate inhibition in immature and mature mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells in culture. Specifically, we found that the inhibition of the mevalonate pathway by mevastatin resulted in cell death, and geranylgeranylpyrophosphate (GGPP) supplementation significantly enhanced neuronal survival. The surviving immature Purkinje cells, however, exhibited dendritic developmental deficits. The morphology of mature cells was not affected. The inhibition of squalene synthase by zaragozic acid caused impaired dendritic development, similar to that seen in the GGPP-rescued Purkinje cells. Our results indicate GGPP is required for cell survival and squalene synthase for the cell development of Purkinje cells. Abnormalities in Purkinje cells are linked to motor-behavioral learning disorders such as cerebellar ataxia. Thus, serious caution should be taken when using drugs that inhibit geranylgeranylation or the squalene-cholesterol branch of the pathway in the developing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Barszczyk
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Rm. 3306, 1 King's College, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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Integrating systems biology sources illuminates drug action. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2014; 95:663-9. [PMID: 24577151 PMCID: PMC4029855 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2014.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There are significant gaps in our understanding of the pathways by which drugs act. This incomplete knowledge limits our ability to use mechanistic molecular information rationally to repurpose drugs, understand their side effects, and predict their interactions with other drugs. Here we present DrugRouter: a novel method for generating drug-specific pathways of action by linking target genes, disease genes and pharmacogenes using gene interaction networks. We construct pathways for over a hundred drugs, and show that the genes included in our pathways (1) co-occur with the query drug in the literature, (2) significantly overlap or are adjacent to known drug-response pathways, and (3) are adjacent to genes that are hits in genome wide association studies assessing drug response. Finally, these computed pathways suggest novel drug repositioning opportunities (e.g., statins for follicular thyroid cancer), gene-side effect associations, and gene-drug interactions. Thus, DrugRouter generates hypotheses about drug actions using systems biology data.
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Lovastatin inhibits human B lymphoma cell proliferation by reducing intracellular ROS and TRPC6 expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:894-901. [PMID: 24518247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that statins reduce cancer incidence and mortality. However, there is lack of in vitro data to show the mechanism by which statins can reduce the malignancies of cancer cells. We used a human B lymphoma Daudi cells as a model and found that lovastatin inhibited, whereas exogenous cholesterol (Cho) stimulated, proliferation cell cycle progression in control Daudi cells, but not in the cells when transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) channel was knocked down. Lovastatin decreased, whereas Cho increased, the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) respectively by decreasing or increasing the expression of p47-phox and gp91-phox (NOX2). Reducing intracellular ROS with either a mimetic superoxide dismutase (TEMPOL) or an NADPH oxidase inhibitor (apocynin) inhibited cell proliferation, particularly in Cho-treated cells. The effects of TEMPOL or apocynin were mimicked by inhibition of TRPC6 with SKF-96365. Lovastatin decreased TRPC6 expression and activity via a Cho-dependent mechanism, whereas Cho increased TRPC6 expression and activity via an ROS-dependent mechanism. Consistent with the fact that TRPC6 is a Ca(2+)-permeable channel, lovastatin decreased, but Cho increased, intracellular Ca(2+) also via ROS. These data suggest that lovastatin inhibits malignant B cell proliferation by reducing membrane Cho, intracellular ROS, TRPC6 expression and activity, and intracellular Ca(2+).
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20
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Zhao Y, Zheng HC, Chen S, Gou WF, Xiao LJ, Niu ZF. The role of RhoC in ovarian epithelial carcinoma: a marker for carcinogenesis, progression, prognosis, and target therapy. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 130:570-8. [PMID: 23764197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ras homolog gene family member C (RhoC) is a small G protein/guanosine triphosphatase involved in tumor mobility, invasion, and metastasis. METHODS After RhoC siRNA transfection, we measured the changes in phenotypes and some relevant molecules in ovarian carcinoma cell, OVCAR3. The mRNA and protein expression of RhoC was detected in ovarian tumors. RESULTS RhoC siRNA transfection resulted in low growth, G1 arrest, and apoptotic induction in the OVCAR3 in comparison with the control and mock. Following RhoC knockdown, there was reduced mRNA or protein expression of protein kinase B (Akt), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3), bcl-xL, surviving and phosphorylated p70S6 kinase (p-p70s6k), while the converse was true for Bax and caspase-3. Lovastatin induced apoptosis, suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion, and disrupted lamellipodia formation in OVCAR3. Lovastatin exposure induced lower RhoC, bcl-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), survivin, Akt, bcl-xL, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and p-p70s6k expression in OVCAR3 compared to the control, but higher caspase-3 and Bax expression. RhoC mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher in ovarian carcinoma than in benign tumors and normal ovary tissue (p<0.05) and was positively associated with dedifferentiation, FIGO staging and p-p70s6k expression of ovarian carcinoma (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The up-regulated RhoC expression may affect ovarian carcinogenesis and should be considered a good biomarker for the differentiation and progression of ovarian carcinoma. RhoC plays an important role in apoptosis by modulating the relevant genes and the phosphorylation of downstream p70s6k.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Female
- G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/metabolism
- Lovastatin/pharmacology
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovary/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/genetics
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Survivin
- Tissue Array Analysis
- Transfection
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Young Adult
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
- bcl-X Protein/metabolism
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- rhoC GTP-Binding Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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21
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2013; 25:325-30. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328360f591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Laurent J, Frongia C, Cazales M, Mondesert O, Ducommun B, Lobjois V. Multicellular tumor spheroid models to explore cell cycle checkpoints in 3D. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:73. [PMID: 23394599 PMCID: PMC3598667 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MultiCellular Tumor Spheroid (MCTS) mimics the organization of a tumor and is considered as an invaluable model to study cancer cell biology and to evaluate new antiproliferative drugs. Here we report how the characteristics of MCTS in association with new technological developments can be used to explore the regionalization and the activation of cell cycle checkpoints in 3D. METHODS Cell cycle and proliferation parameters were investigated in Capan-2 spheroids by immunofluorescence staining, EdU incorporation and using cells engineered to express Fucci-red and -green reporters. RESULTS We describe in details the changes in proliferation and cell cycle parameters during spheroid growth and regionalization. We report the kinetics and regionalized aspects of cell cycle arrest in response to checkpoint activation induced by EGF starvation, lovastatin treatment and etoposide-induced DNA damage. CONCLUSION Our data present the power and the limitation of spheroids made of genetically modified cells to explore cell cycle checkpoints. This study paves the way for the investigation of molecular aspects and dynamic studies of the response to novel antiproliferative agents in 3D models.
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23
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2013; 25:99-104. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32835c1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Zhang Z, Liu ZB, Ren WM, Ye XG, Zhang YY. The miR-200 family regulates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by EGF/EGFR in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:856-62. [PMID: 22797360 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The miR-200 family was recently identified as a suppressor of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The loss or gain of miR-200 family members is associated with cancer invasion. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in the majority of anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATCs). The activation of EGFR by its ligand, epidermal growth factor (EGF), activates a signaling cascade that results in the enhanced migration and invasiveness of thyroid cancer cells. However, little is known about the potential interrelationships between EGF/EGFR, miR-200s and the induction of EMT or mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) processes. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of miR-200s in EMT modulation by EGF/EGFR. Using transfection, real-time reverse transcription PCR and western blot analysis, we found that the EGF treatment of Nthy-ori 3-1 thyroid follicular cells resulted in the downregulation of E-cadherin and the upregulation of vimentin. By contrast, EGFR silencing in SW1736 human thyroid carcinoma cells led to the upregulation of E-cadherin and the downregulation of vimentin. In addition, EGF signaling correlated with the reduced expression of miR-200s and the re-expression of miR-200s abrogated the effects of EGF treatment and restored an epithelial phenotype to EGF-induced Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. Conversely, the silencing of miR-200s in SW1736 cells overcame siEGFR-induced changes in gene expression and phenotype. In addition, we demonstrate that miR-200s play a key role in in vitro EGF/EGFR-mediated thyroid cell invasion and in EMT in vivo. We, therefore, provide a mechanistic link between the miR-200 family and EGF/EGFR, which suggests that miR-200 upregulation may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for highly invasive thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Ghavami S, Mutawe MM, Schaafsma D, Yeganeh B, Unruh H, Klonisch T, Halayko AJ. Geranylgeranyl transferase 1 modulates autophagy and apoptosis in human airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 302:L420-8. [PMID: 22160308 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00312.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Geranylgeranyl transferase 1 (GGT1) is involved in the posttranslational prenylation of signaling proteins, such as small GTPases. We have shown that blocking the formation of isoprenoids with statins regulates survival of human lung mesenchymal cells; thus, we tested the hypothesis that GGT1 may specifically modulate programmed cell death pathways in these cells. To this end, human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells were treated with the selective GGT1 inhibitor GGTi-298. Apoptosis was seen using assays for cellular DNA content and caspase activation. Induction of autophagy was observed using transmission electron microscopy, immunoblotting for LC3 lipidation and Atg5-12 complex content, and confocal microscopy to detect formation of lysosome-localized LC3 punctae. Notably, GGT1 inhibition induced expression of p53-dependent proteins, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (Noxa), and damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), this was inhibited by the p53 transcriptional activation inhibitor cyclic-pifithrin-α. Inhibition of autophagy with bafilomycin-A1 or short-hairpin RNA silencing of Atg7 substantially augmented GGTi-298-induced apoptosis. Overall, we demonstrate for the first time that pharmacological inhibition of GGT1 induces simultaneous p53-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in HASM. Moreover, autophagy regulates apoptosis induction. Thus, our findings identify GGT1 as a key regulator of HASM cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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