1
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Probe dependency in the determination of ligand binding kinetics at a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7906. [PMID: 31133718 PMCID: PMC6536503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-target binding kinetics are suggested to be important parameters for the prediction of in vivo drug-efficacy. For G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the binding kinetics of ligands are typically determined using association binding experiments in competition with radiolabelled probes, followed by analysis with the widely used competitive binding kinetics theory developed by Motulsky and Mahan. Despite this, the influence of the radioligand binding kinetics on the kinetic parameters derived for the ligands tested is often overlooked. To address this, binding rate constants for a series of histamine H1 receptor (H1R) antagonists were determined using radioligands with either slow (low koff) or fast (high koff) dissociation characteristics. A correlation was observed between the probe-specific datasets for the kinetic binding affinities, association rate constants and dissociation rate constants. However, the magnitude and accuracy of the binding rate constant-values was highly dependent on the used radioligand probe. Further analysis using recently developed fluorescent binding methods corroborates the finding that the Motulsky-Mahan methodology is limited by the employed assay conditions. The presented data suggest that kinetic parameters of GPCR ligands depend largely on the characteristics of the probe used and results should therefore be viewed within the experimental context and limitations of the applied methodology.
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2
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Ghanemi A, He L, Yan M. New factors influencing G protein coupled receptors’ system functions. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ming Yan
- National Drug Screening Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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3
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Hoare SRJ, Pierre N, Moya AG, Larson B. Kinetic operational models of agonism for G-protein-coupled receptors. J Theor Biol 2018; 446:168-204. [PMID: 29486201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of kinetics to research and therapeutic development of G-protein-coupled receptors has become increasingly valuable. Pharmacological models provide the foundation of pharmacology, providing concepts and measurable parameters such as efficacy and potency that have underlain decades of successful drug discovery. Currently there are few pharmacological models that incorporate kinetic activity in such a way as to yield experimentally-accessible drug parameters. In this study, a kinetic model of pharmacological response was developed that provides a kinetic descriptor of efficacy (the transduction rate constant, kτ) and allows measurement of receptor-ligand binding kinetics from functional data. The model assumes: (1) receptor interacts with a precursor of the response ("Transduction potential") and converts it to the response. (2) The response can decay. Familiar response vs time plots emerge, depending on whether transduction potential is depleted and/or response decays. These are the straight line, the "association" exponential curve, and the rise-and-fall curve. Convenient, familiar methods are described for measuring the model parameters and files are provided for the curve-fitting program Prism (GraphPad Software) that can be used as a guide. The efficacy parameter kτ is straightforward to measure and accounts for receptor reserve; all that is required is measurement of response over time at a maximally-stimulating concentration of agonist. The modular nature of the model framework allows it to be extended. Here this is done to incorporate antagonist-receptor binding kinetics and slow agonist-receptor equilibration. In principle, the modular framework can incorporate other cellular processes, such as receptor desensitization. The kinetic response model described here can be applied to measure kinetic pharmacological parameters than can be used to advance the understanding of GPCR pharmacology and optimize new and improved therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R J Hoare
- Pharmechanics, LLC, 14 Sunnyside Drive South, Owego NY 13827, USA.
| | | | | | - Brad Larson
- BioTek Instruments, Inc, 100 Tigan Street, Winooski, VT 05404, USA
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Abstract
Previously, drugs were developed focusing on target affinity and selectivity. However, it is becoming evident that the drug-target residence time, related to the off-rate, is an important parameter for successful drug development. The residence time influences both the on-rate and overall effectiveness of drugs. Furthermore, ligand binding is now appreciated to be a multistep process because metastable and/or intermediate binding sites in the extracellular region have been identified. In this review, we summarize experimental ligand-binding data for G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and their binding pathways, analyzed by molecular dynamics (MD). The kinetics of drug binding to GPCRs are complex and depend on several factors, including charge distribution on the receptor surface, ligand-receptor interactions in the binding channel and the binding site, or solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Strasser
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Hattori Y, Seifert R. Pharmacological Characterization of Human Histamine Receptors and Histamine Receptor Mutants in the Sf9 Cell Expression System. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 241:63-118. [PMID: 28233175 PMCID: PMC7120522 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A large problem of histamine receptor research is data heterogeneity. Various experimental approaches, the complex signaling pathways of mammalian cells, and the use of different species orthologues render it difficult to compare and interpret the published results. Thus, the four human histamine receptor subtypes were analyzed side-by-side in the Sf9 insect cell expression system, using radioligand binding assays as well as functional readouts proximal to the receptor activation event (steady-state GTPase assays and [35S]GTPγS assays). The human H1R was co-expressed with the regulators of G protein signaling RGS4 or GAIP, which unmasked a productive interaction between hH1R and insect cell Gαq. By contrast, functional expression of the hH2R required the generation of an hH2R-Gsα fusion protein to ensure close proximity of G protein and receptor. Fusion of hH2R to the long (GsαL) or short (GsαS) splice variant of Gαs resulted in comparable constitutive hH2R activity, although both G protein variants show different GDP affinities. Medicinal chemistry studies revealed profound species differences between hH1R/hH2R and their guinea pig orthologues gpH1R/gpH2R. The causes for these differences were analyzed by molecular modeling in combination with mutational studies. Co-expression of the hH3R with Gαi1, Gαi2, Gαi3, and Gαi/o in Sf9 cells revealed high constitutive activity and comparable interaction efficiency with all G protein isoforms. A comparison of various cations (Li+, Na+, K+) and anions (Cl-, Br-, I-) revealed that anions with large radii most efficiently stabilize the inactive hH3R state. Potential sodium binding sites in the hH3R protein were analyzed by expressing specific hH3R mutants in Sf9 cells. In contrast to the hH3R, the hH4R preferentially couples to co-expressed Gαi2 in Sf9 cells. Its high constitutive activity is resistant to NaCl or GTPγS. The hH4R shows structural instability and adopts a G protein-independent high-affinity state. A detailed characterization of affinity and activity of a series of hH4R antagonists/inverse agonists allowed first conclusions about structure/activity relationships for inverse agonists at hH4R. In summary, the Sf9 cell system permitted a successful side-by-side comparison of all four human histamine receptor subtypes. This chapter summarizes the results of pharmacological as well as medicinal chemistry/molecular modeling approaches and demonstrates that these data are not only important for a deeper understanding of HxR pharmacology, but also have significant implications for the molecular pharmacology of GPCRs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Wittmann HJ, Strasser A. Competitive association binding kinetic assays: a new tool to detect two different binding orientations of a ligand to its target protein under distinct conditions? Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:595-612. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Naporra F, Gobleder S, Wittmann HJ, Spindler J, Bodensteiner M, Bernhardt G, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Elz S, Strasser A. Dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines and dibenzo[b,e]oxepines: Influence of the chlorine substitution pattern on the pharmacology at the H 1R, H 4R, 5-HT 2AR and other selected GPCRs. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:610-625. [PMID: 27697645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by VUF6884 (7-Chloro-11-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine), reported as a dual H1/H4 receptor ligand (pKi: 8.11 (human H1R (hH1R)), 7.55 (human H4R (hH4R))), four known and 28 new oxazepine and related oxepine derivatives were synthesised and pharmacologically characterized at histamine receptors and selected aminergic GPCRs. In contrast to the oxazepine series, within the oxepine series, the new compounds showed high affinity to the hH1R (pKi: 6.8-8.7), but no or moderate affinity to the hH4R (pKi:≤5.3). For one oxepine derivative (1-(2-Chloro-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11-yl)-4-methylpiperazine), the enantiomers were separated and the R-enantiomer was identified as the eutomer at the hH1R (pKi: 8.83 (R), 7.63 (S)) and the guinea-pig H1R (gpH1R) (pKi: 8.82 (R), 7.41 (S)). Molecular dynamic studies suggest that the tricyclic core of the compounds is bound in a similar mode into the binding pocket, as described for doxepine in the hH1R crystal structure. Moreover, docking studies of all oxepine derivatives at the hH1R indicate that the oxygen and the position of the chlorine in the tricyclic core determines, if the R- or the S-enantiomer is the eutomer. For some of the oxazepines and oxepines the affinity to other aminergic GPCRs is in the same range as to hH1R or hH4R, thus, those compounds have to be classified as dirty drugs. However, one oxazepine derivative (3,7-Dichloro-11-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine was identified as dual hH1/h5-HT2A receptor ligand (pKi: 9.23 (hH1R), 8.74 (h5-HT2AR), ≤7 at other analysed GPCRs), whereas one oxepine derivative (1-(3,8-Dichloro-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11-yl)-4-methylpiperazine) was identified as selective hH1R antagonist (pKi: 8.44 (hH1R), ≤6.7 at other analyzed GPCRs). Thus, the pharmacological results suggest that the oxazepine/oxepine moiety and additionally the chlorine substitution pattern toggles receptor selectivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Naporra
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Gobleder
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Spindler
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bodensteiner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sigurd Elz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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BRET-based β-arrestin2 recruitment to the histamine H1 receptor for investigating antihistamine binding kinetics. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:679-687. [PMID: 27468652 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ligand residence time is thought to be a critical parameter for optimizing the in vivo efficacy of drug candidates. For the histamine H1 receptor (H1R) and other G protein-coupled receptors, the kinetics of ligand binding are typically measured by low throughput radioligand binding experiments using homogenized cell membranes expressing the target receptor. In this study, a real-time proximity assay between H1R and β-arrestin2 in living cells was established to investigate the dynamics of antihistamine binding to the H1R. No receptor reserve was found for the histamine-induced recruitment of β-arrestin2 to the H1R and the transiently recruited β-arrestin2 therefore reflected occupancy of the receptor by histamine. Antihistamines displayed similar kinetic signatures on antagonizing histamine-induced β-arrestin2 recruitment as compared to displacing radioligand binding from the H1R. This homogeneous functional method unambiguously determined the fifty-fold difference in the dissociation rate constant between mepyramine and the long residence time antihistamines levocetirizine and desloratadine.
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9
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Panula P, Chazot PL, Cowart M, Gutzmer R, Leurs R, Liu WLS, Stark H, Thurmond RL, Haas HL. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVIII. Histamine Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 67:601-55. [PMID: 26084539 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a developmentally highly conserved autacoid found in most vertebrate tissues. Its physiological functions are mediated by four 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (H1R, H2R, H3R, H4R) that are all targets of pharmacological intervention. The receptors display molecular heterogeneity and constitutive activity. H1R antagonists are long known antiallergic and sedating drugs, whereas the H2R was identified in the 1970s and led to the development of H2R-antagonists that revolutionized stomach ulcer treatment. The crystal structure of ligand-bound H1R has rendered it possible to design new ligands with novel properties. The H3R is an autoreceptor and heteroreceptor providing negative feedback on histaminergic and inhibition on other neurons. A block of these actions promotes waking. The H4R occurs on immuncompetent cells and the development of anti-inflammatory drugs is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Paul L Chazot
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Marlon Cowart
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Rob Leurs
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Wai L S Liu
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Holger Stark
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Robin L Thurmond
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Helmut L Haas
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
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Mocking TAM, Bosma R, Rahman SN, Verweij EWE, McNaught-Flores DA, Vischer HF, Leurs R. Molecular Aspects of Histamine Receptors. HISTAMINE RECEPTORS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40308-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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11
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Wagner E, Wittmann HJ, Elz S, Strasser A. Pharmacological profile of astemizole-derived compounds at the histamine H1 and H4 receptor—H1/H4 receptor selectivity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 387:235-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Belmer A, Doly S, Setola V, Banas SM, Moutkine I, Boutourlinsky K, Kenakin T, Maroteaux L. Role of the N-terminal region in G protein-coupled receptor functions: negative modulation revealed by 5-HT2B receptor polymorphisms. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:127-38. [PMID: 24174497 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.089086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The putative role of the N-terminal region of rhodopsin-like 7 transmembrane biogenic amine receptors in agonist-induced signaling has not yet been clarified despite recent advances in 7 transmembrane receptor structural biology. Given the existence of N-terminal nonsynonymous polymorphisms (R6G;E42G) within the HTR2B gene in a drug-abusing population, we assessed whether these polymorphisms affect 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor in vitro pharmacologic and coupling properties in transfected COS-7 cells. Modification of the 5-HT2B receptor N terminus by the R6G;E42G polymorphisms increases such agonist signaling pathways as inositol phosphate accumulation as assessed by either classic or operational models. The N-terminal R6G;E42G mutations of the 5-HT2B receptor also increase cell proliferation and slow its desensitization kinetics compared with the wild-type receptor, further supporting a role for the N terminus in transduction efficacy. Furthermore, by coexpressing a tethered wild-type 5-HT2B receptor N terminus with a 5-HT2B receptor bearing a N-terminal deletion, we were able to restore original coupling. This reversion to normal activity of a truncated 5-HT2B receptor by coexpression of the membrane-tethered wild-type 5-HT2B receptor N terminus was not observed using a membrane-tethered 5-HT2B receptor R6G;E42G N terminus. These data suggest that the N terminus exerts a negative control over basal as well as agonist-stimulated receptor activity that is lost in the R6G;E42G mutant. Our findings reveal a new and unanticipated role of the 5-HT2B receptor N terminus as a negative modulator, affecting both constitutive and agonist-stimulated activity. Moreover, our data caution against excluding the N terminus and extracellular loops in structural studies of this 7 transmembrane receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnauld Belmer
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche S-839, Paris, France (A.B., S.D., V.S., S.M.B., I.M., K.B., L.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
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13
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Seifert R, Strasser A, Schneider EH, Neumann D, Dove S, Buschauer A. Molecular and cellular analysis of human histamine receptor subtypes. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:33-58. [PMID: 23254267 PMCID: PMC3869951 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The human histamine receptors hH(1)R and hH(2)R constitute important drug targets, and hH(3)R and hH(4)R have substantial potential in this area. Considering the species-specificity of pharmacology of H(x)R orthologs, it is important to analyze hH(x)Rs. Here, we summarize current knowledge of hH(x)Rs endogenously expressed in human cells and hH(x)Rs recombinantly expressed in mammalian and insect cells. We present the advantages and disadvantages of the various systems. We also discuss problems associated with the use of hH(x)R antibodies, an issue of general relevance for G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). There is much greater overlap in activity of 'selective' ligands for other hH(x)Rs than the cognate receptor subtype than generally appreciated. Studies with native and recombinant systems support the concept of ligand-specific receptor conformations, encompassing agonists and antagonists. It is emerging that for characterization of hH(x)R ligands, one cannot rely on a single test system and a single parameter. Rather, multiple systems and parameters have to be studied. Although such studies are time-consuming and expensive, ultimately, they will increase drug safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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14
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Strasser A, Wittmann HJ, Buschauer A, Schneider EH, Seifert R. Species-dependent activities of G-protein-coupled receptor ligands: lessons from histamine receptor orthologs. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 34:13-32. [PMID: 23228711 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Histamine is a biogenic amine that exerts its biological effects as a neurotransmitter and local mediator via four histamine receptor (HR) subtypes (H(x)Rs) - H(1)R, H(2)R, H(3)R, and H(4)R - belonging to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). All four H(x)Rs exhibit pronounced differences in agonist and/or antagonist pharmacology among various species orthologs. The species differences constitute a problem for animal experiments and drug development. This problem applies to GPCRs with diverse ligands. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on H(x)R orthologs as a case study for species-dependent activity of GPCR ligands. We show that species-specific pharmacology also provides unique opportunities to study important aspects of GPCR pharmacology in general, including ligand-binding sites, the roles of extracellular domains in ligand binding and receptor activation, agonist-independent (constitutive) receptor activity, thermodynamics of ligand/receptor interaction, receptor-activation mechanisms, and ligand-specific receptor conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Strasser
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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15
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Fleck BA, Hoare SRJ, Pick RR, Bradbury MJ, Grigoriadis DE. Binding kinetics redefine the antagonist pharmacology of the corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 341:518-31. [PMID: 22357972 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.188714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonists are under preclinical and clinical investigation for stress-related disorders. In this study the impact of receptor-ligand binding kinetics on CRF₁ receptor antagonist pharmacology was investigated by measuring the association rate constant (k₁), dissociation rate constant (k₋₁), and kinetically derived affinity at 37°C. Three aspects of antagonist pharmacology were reevaluated: comparative binding activity of advanced compounds, in vivo efficacy, and structure-activity relationships. Twelve lead compounds, with little previously noted difference of affinity, varied substantially in their kinetic binding activity with a 510-fold range of kinetically derived affinity (k₋₁/k₁), 170-fold range of k₋₁, and 13-fold range of k₁. The k₋₁ values indicated previous affinity measurements were not close to equilibrium, resulting in compression of the measured affinity range. Dissociation was exceptionally slow for three ligands (k₋₁ t(1/2) of 1.6-7.2 h at 37°C). Differences of binding behavior were consistent with in vivo pharmacodynamics (suppression of adrenocorticotropin in adrenalectomized rats). Ligand concentration-effect relationships correlated with their kinetically derived affinity. Two ligands that dissociated slowly (53 and 130 min) produced prolonged suppression, whereas only transient suppression was observed with a more rapidly dissociating ligand (16 min). Investigating the structure-activity relationship indicated exceptionally low values of k₁, approaching 100,000-fold less than the diffusion-limited rate. Retrospective interpretation of medicinal chemistry indicates optimizing specific elements of chemical structure overcame kinetic barriers in the association pathway, for example, constraint of the pendant aromatic orthogonal to the ligand core. Collectively, these findings demonstrate receptor binding kinetics provide new dimensions for understanding and potentially advancing the pharmacology of CRF₁ receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Fleck
- Neurocrine Biosciences Inc., San Diego, California, USA
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