1
|
Tomaiuolo P, Piras IS, Sain SB, Picinelli C, Baccarin M, Castronovo P, Morelli MJ, Lazarevic D, Scattoni ML, Tonon G, Persico AM. RNA sequencing of blood from sex- and age-matched discordant siblings supports immune and transcriptional dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep 2023; 13:807. [PMID: 36646776 PMCID: PMC9842630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with onset in early childhood, still diagnosed only through clinical observation due to the lack of laboratory biomarkers. Early detection strategies would be especially useful in screening high-risk newborn siblings of children already diagnosed with ASD. We performed RNA sequencing on peripheral blood, comparing 27 pairs of ASD children vs their sex- and age-matched unaffected siblings. Differential gene expression profiling, performed applying an unpaired model found two immune genes, EGR1 and IGKV3D-15, significantly upregulated in ASD patients (both p adj = 0.037). Weighted gene correlation network analysis identified 18 co-expressed modules. One of these modules was downregulated among autistic individuals (p = 0.035) and a ROC curve using its eigengene values yielded an AUC of 0.62. Genes in this module are primarily involved in transcriptional control and its hub gene, RACK1, encodes for a signaling protein critical for neurodevelopment and innate immunity, whose expression is influenced by various hormones and known "endocrine disruptors". These results indicate that transcriptomic biomarkers can contribute to the sensitivity of an intra-familial multimarker panel for ASD and provide further evidence that neurodevelopment, innate immunity and transcriptional regulation are key to ASD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignazio Stefano Piras
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Simona Baghai Sain
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Picinelli
- Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Baccarin
- Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy.,Department of Genetics, Synlab Suisse SA, Bioggio, Switzerland
| | - Paola Castronovo
- Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco J Morelli
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Dejan Lazarevic
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Scattoni
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio M Persico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
miR-23a-3p regulates the inflammatory response and fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease by targeting early growth response 1. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:763-774. [PMID: 34608568 PMCID: PMC8585819 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the most common cause of chronic kidney disease. Proteinuria is generally considered one of the clinical indicators of renal damage, and it is also closely related to the progression of DKD. Accumulating evidence indicates that proteinuria induces an upregulation of the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis markers in renal tubular epithelial cells, but the mechanism remains unclear. Previously, we showed that early growth response 1 (Egr1) played a key role in renal tubular injury. However, the upstream mechanism of Egr1 in the development of DKD is poorly understood. In this study, we found that albumin stimulation significantly increased the expression levels of Egr1, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and fibronectin (FN) in HK-2 cells but decreased miR-23a-3p levels. We then identified that miR-23a-3p targeted the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of Egr1 and directly suppressed the expression of Egr1. Moreover, we found that overexpression and inhibition of miR-23a-3p in HK-2 cells attenuated and promoted the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and FN, respectively. Additionally, Egr1 silencing reversed the inflammation and fibrosis caused by the miR-23a-3p inhibitor. Thus, we conclude that miR-23a-3p attenuates the development of DKD through Egr1, suggesting that targeting miR-23a-3p may be a novel therapeutic approach for DKD.
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang L, Yin W, Li P, Hu C, Hou J, Wang L, Yuan J, Yu Z. Seasonal exposure to phthalates and inflammatory parameters: A pilot study with repeated measures. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111633. [PMID: 33396153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to phthalates poses potential to damage multiple organs and system in the body. However, limited data are available regarding effects of seasonal exposure levels of phthalates and indicators reflecting inflammatory response. We designed a pilot study with repeated measures. We recruited 106 eligible habitants from Wuhan city, China. They completed questionnaires, physical examinations and provided urine specimens in winter and summer seasons. We found that urinary levels of low-molecular-weight phthalate metabolites were higher in summer than in winter (all P < 0.01). In winter, an interquartile range increase (1.264 μg/L) in 3-day moving average of high-molecular-weight phthalate metabolites corresponded to a 13.634% (95% CI: -22.331, -3.941) decrease in mean platelet volume, 25.879% (95% CI: -37.424, -12.204) for lymphocyte count or 10.862% (95% CI: -18.716, -2.125) for platelet count (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). However, in summer, an interquartile range increase (1.215 μg/L) in urinary levels of high-molecular-weight phthalate metabolites corresponded to an 8.743% (95% CI: 4.217, 13.467) increase in platelet distribution width value or a 4.597% (95% CI: 2.335, 6.780) for mean platelet volume value at 3-day lag (both P < 0.01). In conclusion, phthalate exposure exhibited the potential for the activation of platelet function, particularly in winter. Seasonal variations of phthalate exposure should be considered when assessing health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luoyao Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13 Wuhan 430030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment & Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenjun Yin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13 Wuhan 430030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment & Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan 430015, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13 Wuhan 430030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment & Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13 Wuhan 430030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment & Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment & Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13 Wuhan 430030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment & Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park SH, Moon Y. Enterocyte-Based Bioassay via Quantitative Combination of Proinflammatory Sentinels Specific to 8-keto-trichothecenes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1530. [PMID: 32765531 PMCID: PMC7378738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type B 8-keto-trichothecenes are muco-active mycotoxins that exist as inevitable contaminants in cereal-based foodstuffs. Gut-associated inflammation is an early frontline response during human and animal exposure to these mycotoxins. Despite various tools for chemical identification, optimized biomonitoring of sentinel response-associated biomarkers is required to assess the specific proinflammatory actions of 8-keto-trichothecenes in the gut epithelial barrier. In the present study, intoxication with 8-keto-trichothecenes in human intestinal epithelial cells was found to trigger early response gene 1 product (EGR-1) that plays crucial roles in proinflammatory chemokine induction. In contrast, epithelial exposure to 8-keto-trichothecenes resulted in downregulated expression of nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 protein, a key transcription factor, during general inflammatory responses in the gut. Based on the early molecular patterns of expression, the inflammation-inducing activity of 8-keto-trichothecenes was quantified using intestinal epithelial cells with dual reporters for EGR-1 and p65 proteins. EGR-1-responsive elements were linked to luciferase reporter while p65 promoter was bound to secretory alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter. In response to conventional inflammagens such as endotoxins and cytokines such as TNF-α, both luciferase and SEAP activity were elevated in a dose-dependent manner. However, as expected from the mechanistic evaluation, 8-keto-trichothecene-exposed dual reporters of luciferase and SEAP displayed contrasting expression patterns. Furthermore, 8-keto-trichothecene-elevated EGR-1-responsive luciferase activity was improved by deficiency of PSMA3, an α-type subunit of the 20S proteasome core complex for ubiquitin-dependent EGR-1 degradation. This molecular event-based dual biomonitoring in epithelial cells is a promising supplementary tool for detecting typical molecular inflammatory pathways in response to 8-keto-trichothecenes in the food matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yuseok Moon
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Caveolar communication with xenobiotic-stalled ribosomes compromises gut barrier integrity. Commun Biol 2020; 3:270. [PMID: 32461676 PMCID: PMC7253476 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to internal and external insults, the intestinal lining undergoes various types of epithelial adaptation or pathologic distress via stress-responsive eIF2α kinase signaling and subsequent cellular reprogramming. As a vital platform for growth factor-linked adaptive signaling, caveolae were evaluated for epithelial modulation of the insulted gut. Patients under ulcerative insult displayed enhanced expression of caveolin-1, the main structural component of caveolae, which was positively associated with expression of protein kinase R (PKR), the ribosomal stress-responsive eIF2α kinase. PKR-linked biological responses were simulated in experimental gut models of ribosome-inactivating stress using mice and Caenorhabditis elegans. Caveolar activation counteracted the expression of wound-protective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its target genes, such as chemokines that were pivotal for epithelial integrity in the ribosome-inactivated gut. Mechanistic findings regarding ribosomal inactivation-associated disorders in the gut barrier provide crucial molecular evidence for detrimental caveolar actions against EGFR-mediated epithelial protection in patients with IBD.
Collapse
|
6
|
Oh CK, Park SH, Kim J, Moon Y. Non-mutagenic Suppression of Enterocyte Ferroportin 1 by Chemical Ribosomal Inactivation via p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)-mediated Regulation: EVIDENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEMOCHROMATOSIS. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19858-72. [PMID: 27445333 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.722520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron transfer across the basolateral membrane of an enterocyte into the circulation is the rate-limiting step in iron absorption and is regulated by various pathophysiological factors. Ferroportin (FPN), the only known mammalian iron exporter, transports iron from the basolateral surface of enterocytes, macrophages, and hepatocytes into the blood. Patients with genetic mutations in FPN or repeated blood transfusion develop hemochromatosis. In this study, non-mutagenic ribosomal inactivation was assessed as an etiological factor of FPN-associated hemochromatosis in enterocytes. Non-mutagenic chemical ribosomal inactivation disrupted iron homeostasis by regulating expression of the iron exporter FPN-1, leading to intracellular accumulation in enterocytes. Mechanistically, a xenobiotic insult stimulated the intracellular sentinel p38 MAPK signaling pathway, which was positively involved in FPN-1 suppression by ribosomal dysfunction. Moreover, ribosomal inactivation-induced iron accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans as a simplified in vivo model for gut nutrition uptake was dependent on SEK-1, a p38 kinase activator, leading to suppression of FPN-1.1 expression and iron accumulation. In terms of gene regulation, ribosomal stress-activated p38 signaling down-regulated NRF2 and NF-κB, both of which were positive transcriptional regulators of FPN-1 transcription. This study provides molecular evidence for the modulation of iron bioavailability by ribosomal dysfunction as a potent etiological factor of non-mutagenic environmental hemochromatosis in the gut-to-blood axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyu Oh
- From the Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, South Korea and
| | - Seong-Hwan Park
- From the Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, South Korea and
| | - Juil Kim
- From the Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, South Korea and
| | - Yuseok Moon
- From the Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, South Korea and the Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Egr-1 deficiency protects from renal inflammation and fibrosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:933-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
8
|
Jingbo W, Aimin C, Qi W, Xin L, Huaining L. Betulinic acid inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammation by activating PPAR-γ in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:687-692. [PMID: 26391061 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
9
|
Park SH, Kim J, Do KH, Park J, Oh CG, Choi HJ, Song BG, Lee SJ, Kim YS, Moon Y. Activating transcription factor 3-mediated chemo-intervention with cancer chemokines in a noncanonical pathway under endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27118-27133. [PMID: 25122760 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.568717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-protective features of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response are chronically activated in vigorously growing malignant tumor cells, which provide cellular growth advantages over the adverse microenvironment including chemotherapy. As an intervention with ER stress responses in the intestinal cancer cells, preventive exposure to flavone apigenin potentiated superinduction of a regulatory transcription factor, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), which is also known to be an integral player coordinating ER stress response-related gene expression. ATF3 superinduction was due to increased turnover of ATF3 transcript via stabilization with HuR protein in the cancer cells under ER stress. Moreover, enhanced ATF3 caused inhibitory action against ER stress-induced cancer chemokines that are potent mediators determining the survival and metastatic potential of epithelial cancer cells. Although enhanced ATF3 was a negative regulator of the well known proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, blocking of NF-κB signaling did not affect ER stress-induced chemokine expression. Instead, immediately expressed transcription factor early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1) was positively involved in cancer chemokine induction by ER stressors. ER stress-induced EGR-1 and subsequent chemokine production were repressed by ATF3. Mechanistically, ATF3 directly interacted with and recruited HDAC1 protein, which led to epigenetic suppression of EGR-1 expression and subsequent chemokine production. Conclusively, superinduced ATF3 attenuated ER stress-induced cancer chemokine expression by epigenetically interfering with induction of EGR-1, a transcriptional modulator crucial to cancer chemokine production. Thus, these results suggest a potent therapeutic intervention of ER stress response-related cancer-favoring events by ATF3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea,; Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Juil Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Kee Hun Do
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Park
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Chang Gyu Oh
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Choi
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Bo Gyoung Song
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea, and
| | - Yuseok Moon
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea,; Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea,; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ribosomal alteration-derived signals for cytokine induction in mucosal and systemic inflammation: noncanonical pathways by ribosomal inactivation. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:708193. [PMID: 24523573 PMCID: PMC3910075 DOI: 10.1155/2014/708193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal inactivation damages 28S ribosomal RNA by interfering with its functioning during gene translation, leading to stress responses linked to a variety of inflammatory disease processes. Although the primary effect of ribosomal inactivation in cells is the functional inhibition of global protein synthesis, early responsive gene products including proinflammatory cytokines are exclusively induced by toxic stress in highly dividing tissues such as lymphoid tissue and epithelia. In the present study, ribosomal inactivation-related modulation of cytokine production was reviewed in leukocyte and epithelial pathogenesis models to characterize mechanistic evidence of ribosome-derived cytokine induction and its implications for potent therapeutic targets of mucosal and systemic inflammatory illness, particularly those triggered by organellar dysfunctions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Park SH, Do KH, Choi HJ, Kim J, Kim KH, Park J, Oh CG, Moon Y. Novel regulatory action of ribosomal inactivation on epithelial Nod2-linked proinflammatory signals in two convergent ATF3-associated pathways. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:5170-81. [PMID: 24098051 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In response to excessive nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (Nod2) stimulation caused by mucosal bacterial components, gut epithelia need to activate regulatory machinery to maintain epithelial homeostasis. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a representative regulator in the negative feedback loop that modulates TLR-associated inflammatory responses. In the current study, the regulatory effects of ribosomal stress-induced ATF3 on Nod2-stimulated proinflammatory signals were assessed. Ribosomal inactivation caused persistent ATF3 expression that in turn suppressed proinflammatory chemokine production facilitated by Nod2. Decreased chemokine production was due to attenuation of Nod2-activated NF-κB and early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1) signals by ATF3. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms involve two convergent regulatory pathways. Although ATF3 induced by ribosomal inactivation regulated Nod2-induced EGR-1 expression epigenetically through the recruitment of histone deacetylase 1, NF-κB regulation was associated with posttranscriptional regulation by ATF3 rather than epigenetic modification. ATF3 induced by ribosomal inactivation led to the destabilization of p65 mRNA caused by nuclear entrapment of transcript-stabilizing human Ag R protein via direct interaction with ATF3. These findings demonstrate that ribosomal stress-induced ATF3 is a critical regulator in the convergent pathways between EGR-1 and NF-κB, which contributes to the suppression of Nod2-activated proinflammatory gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|