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Purification of PaTx-II from the Venom of the Australian King Brown Snake and Characterization of Its Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054359. [PMID: 36901790 PMCID: PMC10002107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are a global threat to human health. As venoms are the source of biochemically diverse bioactive proteins and peptides, we investigated the antimicrobial activity and murine skin infection model-based wound healing efficacy of a 13 kDa protein. The active component PaTx-II was isolated from the venom of Pseudechis australis (Australian King Brown or Mulga Snake). PaTx-II inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria in vitro, with moderate potency (MICs of 25 µM) observed against S. aureus, E. aerogenes, and P. vulgaris. The antibiotic activity of PaTx-II was associated with the disruption of membrane integrity, pore formation, and lysis of bacterial cells, as evidenced by scanning and transmission microscopy. However, these effects were not observed with mammalian cells, and PaTx-II exhibited minimal cytotoxicity (CC50 > 1000 µM) toward skin/lung cells. Antimicrobial efficacy was then determined using a murine model of S. aureus skin infection. Topical application of PaTx-II (0.5 mg/kg) cleared S. aureus with concomitant increased vascularization and re-epithelialization, promoting wound healing. As small proteins and peptides can possess immunomodulatory effects to enhance microbial clearance, cytokines and collagen from the wound tissue samples were analyzed by immunoblots and immunoassays. The amounts of type I collagen in PaTx-II-treated sites were elevated compared to the vehicle controls, suggesting a potential role for collagen in facilitating the maturation of the dermal matrix during wound healing. Levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), factors known to promote neovascularization, were substantially reduced by PaTx-II treatment. Further studies that characterize the contributions towards efficacy imparted by in vitro antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity with PaTx-II are warranted.
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Valdés-Arellanes M, Ortega-Hernández G, Cervantes-Santos DM, Rendón-Barrón MJ, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Morales-González JA, Paniagua-Pérez R, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I. In vivo genotoxic and cytotoxic evaluation of venom obtained from the species of the snake ophryacus, cope, viperidae. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1975752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Valdés-Arellanes
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo Ortega-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Doralí M. Cervantes-Santos
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Michael Joshue Rendón-Barrón
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - José Antonio Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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3
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Gopcevic K, Karadzic I, Izrael-Zivkovic L, Medic A, Isakovic A, Popović M, Kekic D, Stanojkovic T, Hozic A, Cindric M. Study of the venom proteome of Vipera ammodytes ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758): A qualitative overview, biochemical and biological profiling. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 37:100776. [PMID: 33197857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vipera ammodytes (Va), is the European venomous snake of the greatest medical importance. We analyzed whole venom proteome of the subspecies V. ammodytes ammodytes (Vaa) from Serbia for the first time using the shotgun proteomics approach and identified 99 proteins belonging to four enzymatic families: serine protease (SVSPs), L-amino acid oxidase (LAAOs), metalloproteinases (SVMPs), group II phospholipase (PLA2s), and five nonenzymatic families: cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), C-type lectins (snaclecs), growth factors -nerve (NGFs) and vascular endothelium (VEGFs), and Kunitz-type protease inhibitors (SPIs). Considerable enzymatic activity of LAAO, SVSPs, and SVMPs and a high acidic PLA2 activity was measured implying potential of Vaa to produce haemotoxic, myotoxic, neuro and cardiotoxic effects. Moreover, significant antimicrobial activity of Vaa venom against Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) was found. The crude venom shows considerable potential cytotoxic activity on the C6 and HL60 and a moderate level of potency on B16 cell lines. HeLa cells showed the same sensitivity, while DU 145 and PC-3 are less sensitive than as normal cell line. Our data demonstrated a high complexity of Vaa and considerable enzymatic, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity, implying a great medical potential of Vaa venom as a promising source for new antibacterial and cytostatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Gopcevic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivanka Karadzic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Izrael-Zivkovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Medic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Isakovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marjan Popović
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Kekic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Amela Hozic
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Cindric
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Zagreb, Croatia
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Targeting TGF-β-Mediated SMAD Signaling Pathway via Novel Recombinant Cytotoxin II: A Potent Protein from Naja naja oxiana Venom in Melanoma. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215148. [PMID: 33167431 PMCID: PMC7663949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the current treatments have not resulted in the desired outcomes for melanoma patients, there is a need to identify more effective medications. Together with other snake venom proteins, cytotoxin-II has shown promising results in tumoral cells. In this study, recombinant cytotoxin-II (rCTII) was expressed in SHuffle® T7 Express cells, while the epitope mapping of rCTII was performed to reveal the antibody-binding regions of rCTII. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to assess the viability of SK-MEL-3 and HFF-2 cells after treating these cells with rCTII. The qRT-PCR was performed to evaluate the expression levels of matrix metallopeptidase 3 (MMP-3), SMAD2, SMAD3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and miR-214 in order to reveal the rCTII-induced signaling pathways in melanoma. Our results have shown that two regions of amino acids, 6-16 and 19-44, as predicted epitopes of this toxin, are essential for understanding the toxicity of rCTII. Treating the melanoma cells with rCTII substantially inhibited the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-SMAD signaling pathway and down-regulated the expression of MMP-3 and miR-214 as well. This cytotoxin also restored apoptosis mainly via the intrinsic pathway. The down-regulation of MMP-3 and miR-214 might be associated with the anti-metastatic property of rCTII in melanoma. The inhibitory effect of rCTII on the TGF-β signaling pathway might be associated with increased apoptosis and decreased cancer cell proliferation. It is interesting to see that the IC50 value of rCTII has been lower in the melanoma cells than non-tumoral cells, which may indicate its potential effects as a drug. In conclusion, rCTII, as a novel medication, might serve as a potent and efficient anticancer drug in melanoma.
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Demain AL, Gómez-Ortiz B, Ruiz-Villafán B, Rodríguez-Sanoja R, Sánchez S. Recent findings of molecules with anti-infective activity: screening of non-conventional sources. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 48:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Thakur R, Chattopadhyay P, Mukherjee AK. The wound healing potential of a pro-angiogenic peptide purified from Indian Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) venom. Toxicon 2019; 165:78-82. [PMID: 31054289 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cutaneous wound healing property of a pro-angiogenic venom peptide (RVVAP) in a cream-based formulation was evaluated using the excision wound healing model on Wistar strain rats. The wound healing potency and modest antibacterial activity of RVVAP was enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) when combined with Aloe vera extract. RVVAP was also found to be non-toxic at the tested dose of 1.0 mg/kg. Nevertheless, the release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in RVVAP-treated mice was suppressed, compared to the untreated controls. This is the first report assessing the wound healing potential of a low-molecular mass, non-enzymatic, pro-angiogenic peptide purified from snake venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupamoni Thakur
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784 028, Assam, India; Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh- 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defense Research Laboratory, Tezpur- 784 001, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784 028, Assam, India.
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Bernardi L, Pinto AFM, Mendes E, Yates JR, Lamers ML. Lonomia obliqua bristle extract modulates Rac1 activation, membrane dynamics and cell adhesion properties. Toxicon 2019; 162:32-39. [PMID: 30849455 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lonomia obliqua is a caterpillar of potential therapeutic interest whose venom is able to induce severe blood leakage and modulate leukocyte migration. Since both phenotypes are associated with changes in cytoskeleton dynamics and cell adhesion properties, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of Lonomia obliqua bristle extract (LOBE) in cell adhesion and migration signaling. Proteomic analysis revealed that epithelial cells (CHO-K1) exposed to LOBE (30 μg/mL, 30 min) exhibited changes in levels of actin regulatory proteins, including RhoGTPases. These changes correlated with an increase in the activity of the RhoGTPase family member Rac as measured by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). When plated in migration promoting conditions, CHO-K1 cells exposed to LOBE (10 μg/mL) showed an increase in membrane ruffling after short (30 min) period of incubation that was accompanied by changes in the distribution of the adhesion markers paxillin, vinculin and an increase of focal adhesion kinase autophosphorylation levels (Y397), suggesting changes in cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion properties and signaling. These data suggest that LOBE possesses bioactive molecules that are capable to modulated cell migration signaling, cytoskeletal dynamics and cell-ECM properties of several cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bernardi
- Basic Research Center, Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande of Sul, Brazil; Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A F M Pinto
- Clayton Foundation Peptide Biology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, USA
| | - E Mendes
- Basic Research Center, Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande of Sul, Brazil
| | - J R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, USA
| | - M L Lamers
- Basic Research Center, Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande of Sul, Brazil; Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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8
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Clark GC, Casewell NR, Elliott CT, Harvey AL, Jamieson AG, Strong PN, Turner AD. Friends or Foes? Emerging Impacts of Biological Toxins. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:365-379. [PMID: 30651181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Toxins are substances produced from biological sources (e.g., animal, plants, microorganisms) that have deleterious effects on a living organism. Despite the obvious health concerns of being exposed to toxins, they are having substantial positive impacts in a number of industrial sectors. Several toxin-derived products are approved for clinical, veterinary, or agrochemical uses. This review sets out the case for toxins as 'friends' that are providing the basis of novel medicines, insecticides, and even nucleic acid sequencing technologies. We also discuss emerging toxins ('foes') that are becoming increasingly prevalent in a range of contexts through climate change and the globalisation of food supply chains and that ultimately pose a risk to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme C Clark
- CBR Division, Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, DSTL - Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JQ, UK.
| | - Nicholas R Casewell
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Alan L Harvey
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Andrew G Jamieson
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Peter N Strong
- Biomolecular Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Andrew D Turner
- Food Safety Group, Cefas, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
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Wang H, Chen X, König E, Zhou M, Wang L, Chen T, Shaw C. Comparative Profiling of Three Atheris Snake Venoms: A. squamigera, A. nitschei and A. chlorechis. Protein J 2018; 37:353-360. [PMID: 30014259 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-018-9781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A proteomic and transcriptomic comparative analysis of the venoms of three Atheris species (A. squamigera, A. nitschei and A. chlorechis) was carried out by size exclusion liquid chromatography, gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and mRNA sequencing. The improved proteomic profiling utilised in this work was combined with transcript studies, advancing our insights into venom composition, protein distribution and inter-species variation among the three bush vipers. Crude venoms of all three samples contained at least 10-20 protein components, ranging in size from ≤ 3 to > 98 kDa. Both approaches yielded converging overall information, pointing to phospholipases, disintegrins, serine proteases and metalloproteases as the major toxin classes, which are likely to explain the local and systemic symptoms observed in envenomation by Atheris genus. Being considered as the main factors involved in the distinct venom-induced pathologies, these identified snake venom proteins are of particular interest in terms of understanding their physiological and biological function as well as for their contribution in potential medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Xiaole Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Enrico König
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology, University of Trento, Trento, Trentino, Italy
| | - Mei Zhou
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Lei Wang
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chris Shaw
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Zhu B, He H, Hou T. A Comprehensive Review of Corn Protein-derived Bioactive Peptides: Production, Characterization, Bioactivities, and Transport Pathways. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:329-345. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biyang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Lab of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural Univ.); Ministry of Education; Wuhan 43000 China
| | - Hui He
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Lab of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural Univ.); Ministry of Education; Wuhan 43000 China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Lab of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural Univ.); Ministry of Education; Wuhan 43000 China
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11
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Almeida JR, Palacios ALV, Patiño RSP, Mendes B, Teixeira CAS, Gomes P, da Silva SL. Harnessing snake venom phospholipases A 2 to novel approaches for overcoming antibiotic resistance. Drug Dev Res 2018; 80:68-85. [PMID: 30255943 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance drives an essential race against time to reveal new molecular structures capable of addressing this alarming global health problem. Snake venoms are natural catalogs of multifunctional toxins and privileged frameworks, which serve as potential templates for the inspiration of novel treatment strategies for combating antibiotic resistant bacteria. Phospholipases A2 (PLA2 s) are one of the main classes of antibacterial biomolecules, with recognized therapeutic value, found in these valuable secretions. Recently, a number of biomimetic oligopeptides based on small fragments of primary structure from PLA2 toxins has emerged as a meaningful opportunity to overcome multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Thus, this review will highlight the biochemical and structural properties of antibacterial PLA2 s and peptides thereof, as well as their possible molecular mechanisms of action and key roles in development of effective therapeutic strategies. Chemical strategies possibly useful to convert antibacterial peptides from PLA2 s to efficient drugs will be equally addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno Mendes
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cátia A S Teixeira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Saulo L da Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias Química, Universidad de Cuenca - Cuenca/Azuay - Ecuador
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Sun T, Zhan B, Zhang W, Qin D, Xia G, Zhang H, Peng M, Li SA, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Lee WH. Carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles loaded with bioactive peptide OH-CATH30 benefit nonscar wound healing. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5771-5786. [PMID: 30310280 PMCID: PMC6165789 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s156206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonscar wound healing is a desirable treatment for cutaneous wounds worldwide. Peptide OH-CATH30 (OH30) from king cobra can selectively regulate the innate immunity and create an anti-inflammatory micro-environment which might benefit nonscar wound healing. Purpose To overcome the enzymatic digestion and control release of OH30, OH30 encapsulated in carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles (CMCS-OH30 NP) were prepared and their effects on wound healing were evaluated. Methods CMCS-OH30 NP were prepared by mild ionic gelation method and properties of the prepared CMCS-OH30 NP were determined by dynamic light scattering. Encapsulation efficiency, stability and release profile of OH30 from prepared CMCS-OH30 NP were determined by HPLC. Cytotoxicity, cell migration and cellular uptake of CMCS-OH30 NP were determined by conventional methods. The effects of prepared CMCS-OH30 NP on the wound healing was investigated by full-thickness excision animal models. Results The release of encapsulated OH30 from prepared CMCS-OH30 NP was maintained for at least 24 h in a controlled manner. CMCSOH30 NP enhanced the cell migration but had no effects on the metabolism and proliferation of keratinocytes. In the full-thickness excision animal models, the CMCS-OH30 NP treatment significantly accelerated the wound healing compared with CMCS or OH30 administration alone. Histopathological examination suggested that CMCS-OH30 NP promoted wound healing by enhancing the granulation tissue formation through the re-epithelialized and neovascularized composition. CMCS-OH30 NP induced a steady anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 expression but downregulated the expressions of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion The prepared biodegradable drug delivery system accelerates the healing and shows better prognosis because of the combined effects of OH30 released from the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyi Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China,
| | - Bo Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China, .,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptide of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China,
| | - Weifen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China,
| | - Di Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China,
| | - Guixue Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China,
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China, .,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptide of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China,
| | - Meiyu Peng
- Department of Immunology, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Sheng-An Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptide of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China,
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptide of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China,
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China,
| | - Wen-Hui Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China, .,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptide of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China,
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Perumal Samy R, Stiles BG, Franco OL, Sethi G, Lim LH. Animal venoms as antimicrobial agents. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 134:127-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Novel Conopeptides of Largely Unexplored Indo Pacific Conus sp. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14110199. [PMID: 27801785 PMCID: PMC5128742 DOI: 10.3390/md14110199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cone snails are predatory creatures using venom as a weapon for prey capture and defense. Since this venom is neurotoxic, the venom gland is considered as an enormous collection of pharmacologically interesting compounds having a broad spectrum of targets. As such, cone snail peptides represent an interesting treasure for drug development. Here, we report five novel peptides isolated from the venom of Conus longurionis, Conus asiaticus and Conus australis. Lo6/7a and Lo6/7b were retrieved from C. longurionis and have a cysteine framework VI/VII. Lo6/7b has an exceptional amino acid sequence because no similar conopeptide has been described to date (similarity percentage <50%). A third peptide, Asi3a from C. asiaticus, has a typical framework III Cys arrangement, classifying the peptide in the M-superfamily. Asi14a, another peptide of C. asiaticus, belongs to framework XIV peptides and has a unique amino acid sequence. Finally, AusB is a novel conopeptide from C. australis. The peptide has only one disulfide bond, but is structurally very different as compared to other disulfide-poor peptides. The peptides were screened on nAChRs, NaV and KV channels depending on their cysteine framework and proposed classification. No targets could be attributed to the peptides, pointing to novel functionalities. Moreover, in the quest of identifying novel pharmacological targets, the peptides were tested for antagonistic activity against a broad panel of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as two yeast strains.
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