Efflux inhibition by IWR-1-endo confers sensitivity to doxorubicin effects in osteosarcoma cells

Development and Validation of a Sensitive and Specific LC-MS/MS Method for IWR-1-Endo, a Wnt Signaling Inhibitor: Application to a Cerebral Microdialysis Study

IWR-1-endo, a small molecule that potently inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by stabilizing the AXIN2 destruction complex, can inhibit drug efflux at the blood−brain barrier. To conduct murine cerebral microdialysis research, validated, sensitive, and reliable liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were used to determine IWR-1-endo concentration in the murine plasma and brain microdialysate. IWR-1-endo and the internal standard (ISTD) dabrafenib were extracted from murine plasma and microdialysate samples by a simple solid-phase extraction protocol performed on an Oasis HLB µElution plate. Chromatographic separation was executed on a Kinetex C18 (100A, 50 × 2.1 mm, 4 µm particle size) column with a binary gradient of water and acetonitrile, each having 0.1% formic acid, pumped at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Detection by mass spectrometry was conducted in the positive selected reaction monitoring ion mode by monitoring mass transitions 410.40 > 344.10 (IWR-1-endo) and 520.40 > 307.20 (ISTD). The validated curve range of IWR-1-endo was 5−1000 ng/mL for the murine plasma method (r2 ≥ 0.99) and 0.5−500 ng/mL for the microdialysate method (r2 ≥ 0.99). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 5 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL for the murine plasma and microdialysate sample analysis method, respectively. Negligible matrix effects were observed in murine plasma and microdialysate samples. IWR-1-endo was extremely unstable in murine plasma. To improve the stability of IWR-1-endo, pH adjustments of 1.5 were introduced to murine plasma and microdialysate samples before sample storage and processing. With pH adjustment of 1.5 to the murine plasma and microdialysate samples, IWR-1-endo was stable across several tested conditions such as benchtop, autosampler, freeze−thaw, and long term at −80 °C. The LC-MS/MS methods were successfully applied to a murine pharmacokinetic and cerebral microdialysis study to characterize the unbound IWR-1-endo exposure in brain extracellular fluid and plasma.