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Barr J, Walz A, Restaino AC, Amit M, Barclay SM, Vichaya EG, Spanos WC, Dantzer R, Talbot S, Vermeer PD. Tumor-infiltrating nerves functionally alter brain circuits and modulate behavior in a male mouse model of head-and-neck cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.18.562990. [PMID: 37905135 PMCID: PMC10614955 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.562990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients often experience changes in mental health, prompting an exploration into whether nerves infiltrating tumors contribute to these alterations by impacting brain functions. Using a male mouse model for head and neck cancer, we utilized neuronal tracing techniques and show that tumor-infiltrating nerves indeed connect to distinct brain areas via the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion. The activation of this neuronal circuitry led to behavioral alterations represented by decreased nest-building, increased latency to eat a cookie, and reduced wheel running. Tumor-infiltrating nociceptor neurons exhibited heightened activity, as indicated by increased calcium mobilization. Correspondingly, the specific brain regions receiving these neural projections showed elevated cFos and delta FosB expression in tumor-bearing mice, alongside markedly intensified calcium responses compared to non-tumor-bearing counterparts. The genetic elimination of nociceptor neurons in tumor-bearing mice led to decreased brain Fos expression and mitigated the behavioral alterations induced by the presence of the tumor. While analgesic treatment successfully restored behaviors involving oral movements to normalcy in tumor-bearing mice, it did not have a similar therapeutic effect on voluntary wheel running. This discrepancy points towards an intricate relationship, where pain is not the exclusive driver of such behavioral shifts. Unraveling the interaction between the tumor, infiltrating nerves, and the brain is pivotal to developing targeted interventions to alleviate the mental health burdens associated with cancer.
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Thiel G, Rössler OG. Signal Transduction of Transient Receptor Potential TRPM8 Channels: Role of PIP5K, Gq-Proteins, and c-Jun. Molecules 2024; 29:2602. [PMID: 38893478 PMCID: PMC11174004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) is a cation channel that is activated by cold and "cooling agents" such as menthol and icilin, which induce a cold sensation. The stimulation of TRPM8 activates an intracellular signaling cascade that ultimately leads to a change in the gene expression pattern of the cells. Here, we investigate the TRPM8-induced signaling pathway that links TRPM8 channel activation to gene transcription. Using a pharmacological approach, we show that the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5 kinase α (PIP5K), an enzyme essential for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, attenuates TRPM8-induced gene transcription. Analyzing the link between TRPM8 and Gq proteins, we show that the pharmacological inhibition of the βγ subunits impairs TRPM8 signaling. In addition, genetic studies show that TRPM8 requires an activated Gα subunit for signaling. In the nucleus, the TRPM8-induced signaling cascade triggers the activation of the transcription factor AP-1, a complex consisting of a dimer of basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors. Here, we identify the bZIP protein c-Jun as an essential component of AP-1 within the TRPM8-induced signaling cascade. In summary, with PIP5K, Gq subunits, and c-Jun, we identified key molecules in TRPM8-induced signaling from the plasma membrane to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
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Bhattacharjee B, Chakrovorty A, Biswas M, Samadder A, Nandi S. To Explore the Putative Molecular Targets of Diabetic Nephropathy and their Inhibition Utilizing Potential Phytocompounds. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3752-3790. [PMID: 37211853 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230519112312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review critically addresses the putative molecular targets of Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) and screens effective phytocompounds that can be therapeutically beneficial, and highlights their mechanistic modalities of action. INTRODUCTION DN has become one of the most prevalent complications of clinical hyperglycemia, with individual-specific variations in the disease spectrum that leads to fatal consequences. Diverse etiologies involving oxidative and nitrosative stress, activation of polyol pathway, inflammasome formation, Extracellular Matrix (ECM) modifications, fibrosis, and change in dynamics of podocyte functional and mesangial cell proliferation adds up to the clinical complexity of DN. Current synthetic therapeutics lacks target-specific approach, and is associated with the development of inevitable residual toxicity and drug resistance. Phytocompounds provides a vast diversity of novel compounds that can become an alternative therapeutic approach to combat the DN. METHODS Relevant publications were searched and screened from research databases like GOOGLE SCHOLAR, PUBMED and SCISEARCH. Out of 4895 publications, the most relevant publications were selected and included in this article. RESULT This study critically reviews over 60 most promising phytochemical and provides with their molecular targets, that can be of pharmacological significance in context to current treatment and concomitant research in DN. CONCLUSION This review highlights those most promising phytocompounds that have the potential of becoming new safer naturally-sourced therapeutic candidates and demands further attention at clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banani Bhattacharjee
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnob Chakrovorty
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Maharaj Biswas
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University, Kashipur, 244713, India
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Duan C, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Wu T, Shen M, Xu J, Gao W, Pan J, Wei L, Su H, Shi C. Esketamine inhibits the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway in the spinal dorsal horn to relieve bone cancer pain in rats. Mol Pain 2024; 20:17448069241239231. [PMID: 38417838 PMCID: PMC10938627 DOI: 10.1177/17448069241239231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is one of the most common and feared symptoms in patients with advanced tumors. The X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and the CXCR4 receptor have been associated with glial cell activation in bone cancer pain. Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), as downstream CXCL12/CXCR4 signals, and c-Jun, as activator protein AP-1 components, contribute to the development of various types of pain. However, the specific CIBP mechanisms remain unknown. Esketamine is a non-selective N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDA) inhibitor commonly used as an analgesic in the clinic, but its analgesic mechanism in bone cancer pain remains unclear. We used a tumor cell implantation (TCI) model and explored that CXCL12/CXCR4, p-MAPKs, and p-c-Jun were stably up-regulated in the spinal cord. Immunofluorescence images showed activated microglia in the spinal cord on day 14 after TCI and co-expression of CXCL12/CXCR4, p-MAPKs (p-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38 MAPK), and p-c-Jun in microglia. Intrathecal injection of the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 reduced JNK and c-Jun phosphorylations, and intrathecal injection of the JNK inhibitor SP600125 and esketamine also alleviated TCI-induced pain and reduced the expression of p-JNK and p-c-Jun in microglia. Overall, our data suggest that the CXCL12/CXCR4-JNK-c-Jun signaling pathway of microglia in the spinal cord mediates neuronal sensitization and pain hypersensitivity in cancer-induced bone pain and that esketamine exerts its analgesic effect by inhibiting the JNK-c-Jun pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuoliang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengwei Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinfu Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxin Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huibin Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenghuan Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Alcohol-Induced Headache with Neuroinflammation: Recent Progress. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol and other congeners in alcoholic beverages and foods are known triggers of alcohol-induced headaches (AIHs). Recent studies implicate AIHs as an important underlying factor for neuroinflammation. Studies show the relationship between alcoholic beverages, AIH agents, neuroinflammation, and the pathway they elicit. However, studies elucidating specific AIH agents’ pathways are scarce. Works reviewing their pathways can give invaluable insights into specific substances’ patterns and how they can be controlled. Hence, we reviewed the current understanding of how AIH agents in alcoholic beverages affect neuroinflammation and their specific roles. Ethanol upregulates transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression levels; both receptors trigger a neuroinflammation response that promotes AIH manifestation—the most common cause of AIHs. Other congeners such as histamine, 5-HT, and condensed tannins also upregulate TRPV1 and TLR4, neuroinflammatory conditions, and AIHs. Data elucidating AIH agents, associating pathways, and fermentation parameters can help reduce or eliminate AIH inducers and create healthier beverages.
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Camponogara C, Oliveira SM. Are TRPA1 and TRPV1 channel-mediated signalling cascades involved in UVB radiation-induced sunburn? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103836. [PMID: 35248760 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Burn injuries are underappreciated injuries associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has dramatic clinical effects in humans and is a significant public health concern. Although the mechanisms underlying UVB exposure are not fully understood, many studies have made substantial progress in the pathophysiology of sunburn in terms of its molecular aspects in the last few years. It is well established that the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels modulate the inflammatory, oxidative, and proliferative processes underlying UVB radiation exposure. However, it is still unknown which mechanisms underlying TRPV1/A1 channel activation are elicited in sunburn induced by UVB radiation. Therefore, in this review, we give an overview of the TRPV1/A1 channel-mediated signalling cascades that may be involved in the pathophysiology of sunburn induced by UVB radiation. These data will undoubtedly help to explain the various features of sunburn and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to better treat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Camponogara
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Backes TM, Langfermann DS, Lesch A, Rössler OG, Laschke MW, Vinson C, Thiel G. Regulation and function of AP-1 in insulinoma cells and pancreatic β-cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114748. [PMID: 34461116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cav1.2 L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels play a central role in pancreatic β-cells by integrating extracellular signals with intracellular signaling events leading to insulin secretion and altered gene transcription. Here, we investigated the intracellular signaling pathway following stimulation of Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels and addressed the function of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) in pancreatic β-cells of transgenic mice. Stimulation of Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels activates AP-1 in insulinoma cells. Pharmacological and genetic experiments identified c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase as a signal transducer connecting Cav1.2 Ca2+ channel activation with gene transcription. Moreover, the basic region-leucine zipper proteins ATF2 and c-Jun or c-Jun-related proteins were involved in stimulus-transcription coupling. We addressed the functions of AP-1 in pancreatic β-cells analyzing a newly generated transgenic mouse model. These transgenic mice expressed A-Fos, a mutant of c-Fos that attenuates DNA binding of c-Fos dimerization partners. In insulinoma cells, A-Fos completely blocked AP-1 activation following stimulation of Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels. The analysis of transgenic A-Fos-expressing mice revealed that the animals displayed impaired glucose tolerance. Thus, we show here for the first time that AP-1 controls an important function of pancreatic β-cells in vivo, the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Backes
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Daniel S Langfermann
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Lesch
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Gerald Thiel
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
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Thiel G, Backes TM, Guethlein LA, Rössler OG. Chromatin-embedded reporter genes: Quantification of stimulus-induced gene transcription. Gene 2021; 787:145645. [PMID: 33848575 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Receptors and ion channels expressed on the cell surface ensure proper communication between the cells and the environment. In multicellular organism, stimulus-regulated gene transcription is the basis for communication with the environment allowing individual cells to respond to stimuli such as nutrients, chemical stressors and signaling molecules released by other cells of the organism. Hormones, cytokines, and mitogens bind to receptors and ion channels and induce intracellular signaling cascades involving second messengers, kinases, phosphatases, and changes in the concentration of particular ions. Ultimately, the signaling cascades reach the nucleus. Transcription factors are activated that respond to cellular stimulation and induce changes in gene transcription. Investigating stimulus-transcription coupling combines cell biology with genetics. In this review, we discuss the molecular biology of stimulus-induced transcriptional activators and their responsiveness to extracellular and intracellular signaling molecules and to epigenetic regulators. Stimulus-induced gene expression is measured by several methods, including detection of nuclear translocation of transcription factors, phosphorylation or DNA binding. In this article, we emphasize that the most reliable method to directly measure transcriptional activation involves the use of chromatin-embedded reporter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias M Backes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Lisbeth A Guethlein
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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Thiel G, Schmidt T, Rössler OG. Ca 2+ Microdomains, Calcineurin and the Regulation of Gene Transcription. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040875. [PMID: 33921430 PMCID: PMC8068893 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ ions function as second messengers regulating many intracellular events, including neurotransmitter release, exocytosis, muscle contraction, metabolism and gene transcription. Cells of a multicellular organism express a variety of cell-surface receptors and channels that trigger an increase of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration upon stimulation. The elevated Ca2+ concentration is not uniformly distributed within the cytoplasm but is organized in subcellular microdomains with high and low concentrations of Ca2+ at different locations in the cell. Ca2+ ions are stored and released by intracellular organelles that change the concentration and distribution of Ca2+ ions. A major function of the rise in intracellular Ca2+ is the change of the genetic expression pattern of the cell via the activation of Ca2+-responsive transcription factors. It has been proposed that Ca2+-responsive transcription factors are differently affected by a rise in cytoplasmic versus nuclear Ca2+. Moreover, it has been suggested that the mode of entry determines whether an influx of Ca2+ leads to the stimulation of gene transcription. A rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ induces an intracellular signaling cascade, involving the activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin and various protein kinases (protein kinase C, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases). In this review article, we discuss the concept of gene regulation via elevated Ca2+ concentration in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, the role of Ca2+ entry and the role of enzymes as signal transducers. We give particular emphasis to the regulation of gene transcription by calcineurin, linking protein dephosphorylation with Ca2+ signaling and gene expression.
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Woods S, Humphreys PA, Bates N, Richardson SA, Kuba SY, Brooks IR, Cain SA, Kimber SJ. Regulation of TGFβ Signalling by TRPV4 in Chondrocytes. Cells 2021; 10:726. [PMID: 33805168 PMCID: PMC8064313 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth factor TGFβ and the mechanosensitive calcium-permeable cation channel TRPV4 are both important for the development and maintenance of many tissues. Although TRPV4 and TGFβ both affect core cellular functions, how their signals are integrated is unknown. Here we show that pharmacological activation of TRPV4 significantly increased the canonical response to TGFβ stimulation in chondrocytes. Critically, this increase was only observed when TRPV4 was activated after, but not before TGFβ stimulation. The increase was prevented by pharmacological TRPV4 inhibition or knockdown and is calcium/CamKII dependent. RNA-seq analysis after TRPV4 activation showed enrichment for the TGFβ signalling pathway and identified JUN and SP1 as key transcription factors involved in this response. TRPV4 modulation of TGFβ signalling represents an important pathway linking mechanical signalling to tissue development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (P.A.H.); (N.B.); (S.A.R.); (S.Y.K.); (I.R.B.); (S.A.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan J. Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (P.A.H.); (N.B.); (S.A.R.); (S.Y.K.); (I.R.B.); (S.A.C.)
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11
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García-Baos A, Alegre-Zurano L, Cantacorps L, Martín-Sánchez A, Valverde O. Role of cannabinoids in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:110054. [PMID: 32758518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol is a psychoactive substance highly used worldwide, whose harmful use might cause a broad range of mental and behavioural disorders. Underlying brain impact, the neuroinflammatory response induced by alcohol is recognised as a key contributing factor in the progression of other neuropathological processes, such as neurodegeneration. These sequels are determined by multiple factors, including age of exposure. Strikingly, it seems that the endocannabinoid system modulation could regulate the alcohol-induced neuroinflammation. Although direct CB1 activation can worsen alcohol consequences, targeting other components of the expanded endocannabinoid system may counterbalance the pro-inflammatory response. Indeed, specific modulations of the expanded endocannabinoid system have been proved to exert anti-inflammatory effects, primarily through the CB2 and PPARγ signalling. Among them, some endo- and exogeneous cannabinoids can block certain pro-inflammatory mediators, such as NF-κB, thereby neutralizing the neuroinflammatory intracellular cascades. Furthermore, a number of cannabinoids are able to activate complementary anti-inflammatory pathways, which are necessary for the transition from chronically overactivated microglia to a regenerative microglial phenotype. Thus, cannabinoid modulation provides cooperative anti-inflammatory mechanisms that may be advantageous to resolve a pathological neuroinflammation in an alcohol-dependent context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba García-Baos
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alegre-Zurano
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Cantacorps
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Martín-Sánchez
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Research Programme, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Research Programme, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
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β-Arrestin 2 and ERK1/2 Are Important Mediators Engaged in Close Cooperation between TRPV1 and µ-Opioid Receptors in the Plasma Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134626. [PMID: 32610605 PMCID: PMC7370190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between TRPV1 and µ-opioid receptors (MOR) have recently attracted much attention because these two receptors play important roles in pain pathways and can apparently modulate each other’s functioning. However, the knowledge about signaling interactions and crosstalk between these two receptors is still limited. In this study, we investigated the mutual interactions between MOR and TRPV1 shortly after their activation in HEK293 cells expressing these two receptors. After activation of one receptor we observed significant changes in the other receptor’s lateral mobility and vice versa. However, the changes in receptor movement within the plasma membrane were not connected with activation of the other receptor. We also observed that plasma membrane β-arrestin 2 levels were altered after treatment with agonists of both these receptors. Knockdown of β-arrestin 2 blocked all changes in the lateral mobility of both receptors. Furthermore, we found that β-arrestin 2 can play an important role in modulating the effectiveness of ERK1/2 phosphorylation after activation of MOR in the presence of TRPV1. These data suggest that β-arrestin 2 and ERK1/2 are important mediators between these two receptors and their signaling pathways. Collectively, MOR and TRPV1 can mutually affect each other’s behavior and β-arrestin 2 apparently plays a key role in the bidirectional crosstalk between these two receptors in the plasma membrane.
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Lesch A, Backes TM, Langfermann DS, Rössler OG, Laschke MW, Thiel G. Ternary complex factor regulates pancreatic islet size and blood glucose homeostasis in transgenic mice. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104983. [PMID: 32504838 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of diabetes mellitus is the inability of pancreatic β-cells to secrete sufficient amounts of insulin for maintaining normoglycemia. The formation of smaller islets may underlie the development of a diabetic phenotype, as a decreased β-cell mass will produce an insufficient amount of insulin. For a pharmacological intervention it is crucial to identify the proteins determining β-cell mass. Here, we identified the ternary complex factor (TCF) Elk-1 as a regulator of the size of pancreatic islets. Elk-1 mediates, together with a dimer of the serum-response factor (SRF), serum response element-regulated gene transcription. Elk-1 is activated in glucose-treated pancreatic β-cells but the biological functions of this protein in β-cells are so far unknown. Elk-1 and homologous TCF proteins are expressed in islets and insulinoma cells. Gene targeting experiments revealed that the TCF proteins show redundant activities. To solve the problem of functional redundancy of these homologous proteins, we generated conditional transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative mutant of Elk-1 in pancreatic β-cells. The mutant competes with the wild-type TCFs for DNA and SRF-binding. Expression of the Elk-1 mutant in pancreatic β-cells resulted in the generation of significantly smaller islets and increased caspase-3 activity, indicating that apoptosis was responsible for the reduction of the pancreatic islet size. Glucose tolerance tests revealed that transgenic mice expressing the dominant-negative mutant of Elk-1 in pancreatic β-cells displayed impaired glucose tolerance. Thus, we show here for the first time that TCF controls important functions of pancreatic β-cells in vivo. Elk-1 may be considered as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lesch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tobias M Backes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Daniel S Langfermann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
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14
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Thiel G, Backes TM, Welck J, Steinhausen S, Fischer AL, Langfermann DS, Ulrich M, Wissenbach U, Rössler OG. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPM8-induced gene transcription. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 170:113678. [PMID: 31654626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) channels are activated by cold temperature, menthol and icilin, leading to cold sensation. TRPM8 activation is connected with various diseases, indicating that a specific pharmacological antagonist, allowing nongenetic channel suppression, would be a valuable tool for therapy and basic research. Here, we assessed the biological activity and specificity of various TRPM8 inhibitors following stimulation of TRPM8 channels with either icilin or menthol. Recently, we showed that icilin strikingly upregulates the transcriptional activity of AP-1. By measuring AP-1 activity, we assessed which compound interrupted the TRPM8-induced intracellular signaling cascade from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. We tested the specificity of various TRPM8 inhibitors by analyzing AP-1 activation following stimulation of TRPM3 and TRPV1 channels, L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, and Gαq-coupled receptors, either in the presence or absence of a particular TRPM8 inhibitor. The results show that the TRPM8 inhibitors BCTC, RQ-00203078, TC-1 2014, 2-APB, and clotrimazole blocked TRPM8-mediated activation of AP-1. However, only the compound RQ-00203078 showed TRPM8-specificity, while the other compounds function as broad-spectrum Ca2+ channel inhibitors. In addition, we show that progesterone interfered with TRPM8-induced activation of AP-1, as previously shown for TRPM3 and TRPC6 channels. TRPM8-induced transcriptional activation of AP-1 was additionally blocked by the compound PD98059, indicating that extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1/2 is essential to couple TRPM8 stimulation with transcriptional activation of AP-1. Moreover, an influx of Ca2+-ions is essential to induce the intracellular signaling cascade leading to the activation of AP-1.
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Key Words
- 2-APB, PubChem CID: 1598
- BCTC, PubChem CID: 9929425
- Capsaicin, PubChem CID: 1548943
- Clotrimazole, PubChem CID: 2812
- Clozapine N-oxide, PubChem CID: 135445691
- Designer receptor
- ERK1/2
- FPL 64176, PubChem CID: 3423
- Icilin, PubChem CID: 161930
- KCl, PubChem CID: 4873
- Menthol, PubChem CID: 1254
- PD98059, PubChem CID: 4713
- Pregnenolone sulfate, PubChem CID: 105074
- Progesterone, PubChem CID: 5994
- RQ-00203078, PubChem CID: 49783953
- TC-1 2014, PubChem CID: 10040286
- TRPM3
- TRPM8
- TRPV1
- Voltage-gated calcium channel
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias M Backes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Welck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Anna-Lena Fischer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Daniel S Langfermann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Myriam Ulrich
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wissenbach
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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15
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Dihydrotestosterone activates AP-1 in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 110:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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De Loof A, Schoofs L. Mode of Action of Farnesol, the "Noble Unknown" in Particular in Ca 2+ Homeostasis, and Its Juvenile Hormone-Esters in Evolutionary Retrospect. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:141. [PMID: 30858798 PMCID: PMC6397838 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesol, the sesquiterpenoid precursor of insect juvenile hormones (JH) that itself has JH activity, existed already long before animals and their hormones came into being. Although it is omnipresent in all eukaryotes, this molecule remains a "noble unknown" in cell physiology. It is neither documented as a hormone nor as another type of signaling molecule. To date, its function as an intermediate in the synthesis of squalene-cholesterol-steroids in chordates/vertebrates, and of the insect/arthropod JHs, esters of farnesol, in the mevalonate biosynthetic pathway is assumed to be the only one. This assumption neglects that already two decades ago, farnesol has been shown to be a potent endogenous inhibitor of N-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in some mammalian cell types. The tandem mevalonate pathway and Ca2+ channels originated early in eukaryotic evolution, and has since been well conserved, "promoting" it as a ubiquitous player in Ca2+ homeostasis in all eukaryotes. This paper accentuates how this drastic change in thinking gained momentum after the discovery by Paroulek and Sláma that the huge amounts of JH I in male accessory glands of the Cecropia moth, are actually synthesized in these glands themselves and not in the corpora allata, the hitherto assumed unique synthesis site of such compounds. In addition, MAG-JHs have no hormonal- but an exocrine function. Here we hypothesize that MAG-JHs may function in protecting the spermatozoa against toxic Ca2+ concentrations, and in enabling their flagellum to undulate. They may do so by acting through membrane receptors. Our novel paradigm assigns to farnesol/JHs a function of flexible hydrophobic molecular valves for restricting untimely Ca2+-passage through some types of canonical Ca2+channels, using covalently bound farnesyl- or geranyl-geranyl group attachment as well as GPCRs-G proteins all containing a prenyl group. The high rotatable bond count, and their horseshoe-shape are instrumental to their valve function. In our paradigm, Met/Tai and Gce, to date generally thought to be the (only) functional (nuclear) receptors for JHs, are classified as probable Ca2+-sensitive transcription factors. Some theoretical and practical considerations for possible applications in a medical context will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold De Loof
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Song C, Liu P, Zhao Q, Guo S, Wang G. TRPV1 channel contributes to remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia via regulation of NMDA receptor trafficking in dorsal root ganglion. J Pain Res 2019; 12:667-677. [PMID: 30863139 PMCID: PMC6388729 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s186591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Remifentanil is widely used in general anesthesia due to its reliability and rapid onset. However, remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia might be a challenge nowadays. Accumulating evidence suggests that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) was involved in the development of neuropathic pain and hyperalgesia. However, the contribution of TRPV1 in modulating remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia is still unknown. The aim of this study is the contribution of TRPV1 to the surface expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia. Methods The hot plate test and the Von Frey test were performed to evaluate thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. Capsazepine (CPZ) was administrated intrathecally to confirm our results. TRPV1, NMDA receptors, CaMKII (calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II), and protein kinase C (PKC) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were detected by Western blotting. Immunofluorescence assay was applied to analyze the distribution of TRPV1 and the relationship between TRPV1 and NMDA receptor subunit 1 (NR1). Results Remifentanil-induced both thermal and mechanical postoperative hyperalgesia. Here, we found the membrane trafficking of NR1, possibly due to the activation of TRPV1 in DRG neurons after remifentanil infusion. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of CPZ was able to relieve remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia according to a behavioral test and CPZ confirmed that TRPV1 is involved in NR1 trafficking. In addition, CaMKII/PKC but not protein kinase A (PKA) contributed to remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that TRPV1 receptors are involved in remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia. TRPV1 contributes to the persistence of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia through the trafficking of NMDA receptors via the activation of CaMKII-PKC signaling pathways in DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Song
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China, .,Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, .,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,
| | - Peng Liu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, .,Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China, .,Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, .,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,
| | - Suqian Guo
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China, .,Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, .,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,
| | - Guolin Wang
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China, .,Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, .,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,
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