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Liu Y, Shi L, Chen Y, Luo S, Chen Y, Chen H, Lan W, Lu X, Cao Z, Ye Z, Li J, Yu B, Dzierzak E, Li Z. Autophagy regulates the maturation of hematopoietic precursors in the embryo. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2255. [PMID: 38490977 PMCID: PMC10943005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the mechanisms regulating embryonic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development would facilitate their regeneration. The aorta-gonad-mesonephros region is the site for HSC production from hemogenic endothelial cells (HEC). While several distinct regulators are involved in this process, it is not yet known whether macroautophagy (autophagy) plays a role in hematopoiesis in the pre-liver stage. Here, we show that different states of autophagy exist in hematopoietic precursors and correlate with hematopoietic potential based on the LC3-RFP-EGFP mouse model. Deficiency of autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) specifically in endothelial cells disrupts endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT), by blocking the autophagic process. Using combined approaches, including single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), we have confirmed that Atg5 deletion interrupts developmental temporal order of EHT to further affect the pre-HSC I maturation, and that autophagy influences hemogenic potential of HEC and the formation of pre-HSC I likely via the nucleolin pathway. These findings demonstrate a role for autophagy in the formation/maturation of hematopoietic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sifan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongtian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehua Ye
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zhuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Zsiros V, Dóczi N, Petővári G, Pop A, Erdei Z, Sebestyén A, L Kiss A. BMP-induced non-canonical signaling is upregulated during autophagy-mediated regeneration in inflamed mesothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10426. [PMID: 37369758 PMCID: PMC10300029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that after Freund's adjuvant-induced peritonitis, rat mesothelial cells regain their epithelial phenotype through mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) accompanied by autophagy. Since bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are well-known MET-inducers, we were interested in the potential expression of BMPs and BMP-induced pathways. Although mesothelial cells expressed lower amounts of BMP7, its level in the peritoneal cavity and mesothelial synthesis of BMP4 were significantly increased during inflammation. BMPR1A and BMPR2 were also significantly expressed. Expression of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase (TAK1) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK1-JNK2) were more intense than that of phosphorylated Mothers Against Decapentaplegic homolog 1/5 (p-SMAD1/5), confirming that the non-canonical pathway of BMPs prevailed in our model. JNK signaling through B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) can contribute to Beclin-1 activation. We demonstrated that TAK1-JNK-Bcl-2 signaling was upregulated simultaneously with the autophagy-mediated regeneration. A further goal of our study was to prove the regenerative role of autophagy after inflammation. We used a specific inhibitor, bafilomycin A1 (BafA1), and found that BafA1 treatment decreased the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3B) and resulted in morphological signs of cell death in inflamed mesothelial cells indicating that if autophagy is arrested, regeneration turns into cell death and consequently, mesothelial cells die.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Zsiros
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
| | - Nikolett Dóczi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Gábor Petővári
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University Budapest, Üllői út 26., Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Pop
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Erdei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University Budapest, Üllői út 26., Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Anna L Kiss
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest, 1094, Hungary
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3
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Oliverio S, Beltran JSO, Occhigrossi L, Bordoni V, Agrati C, D'Eletto M, Rossin F, Borelli P, Amarante-Mendes GP, Demidov O, Barlev NA, Piacentini M. Transglutaminase Type 2 is Involved in the Hematopoietic Stem Cells Homeostasis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1159-1168. [PMID: 33202201 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) is a multifunctional protein involved in various biological processes playing a key regulatory role in cell homeostasis such as cell death and autophagy. New evidence is emerging that support an important role of autophagy in regulating normal hematopoiesis. Prompted by these findings, in this study we investigated in vivo involvement of TG2 in mouse hematopoiesis under normal or nutrient deprivation conditions. We found that the number and rate of differentiation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell was decreased in the TG2 knockout mice. We present evidence showing that these effects on hematopoietic system are very likely due to the TG2-dependent impairment of autophagy. In fact, stimulation of autophagy by starvation is able to rescue the block of the differentiation of stem cells progenitors in the TG2 KO mice. It was also shown that the RhoA/ERK½ pathway, known to be essential for regulation of the bone marrow progenitor cells homeostasis, was significantly impaired in the absence of TG2. Hence, this study expanded our knowledge about TG2 discovering a role of this enzyme in regulation of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oliverio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - J S O Beltran
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Occhigrossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - V Bordoni
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases I. R. C. C. S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani" Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - C Agrati
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases I. R. C. C. S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani" Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - M D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - F Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - P Borelli
- Clinical and Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G P Amarante-Mendes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - O Demidov
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - N A Barlev
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - M Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy. .,National Institute for Infectious Diseases I. R. C. C. S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani" Rome, 00149, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
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4
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Yu ZM, Wan XM, Xiao M, Zheng C, Zhou XL. Puerarin induces Nrf2 as a cytoprotective mechanism to prevent cadmium-induced autophagy inhibition and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in AML12 hepatic cells. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111389. [PMID: 33607539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver is the main target organ of cadmium (Cd) toxicity and puerarin (PU) has been shown to prevent Cd-induced hepatic cell damage via its antioxidant activity. Nrf2 acts as a critical regulator of cellular defense against various oxidative insults, but its role in the protection of PU against Cd-induced hepatic damage has not yet been clarified. Hereby, this study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanism using mouse hepatocyte line AML-12. Data firstly showed that Cd-inhibited Nrf2 pathway was markedly restored by PU treatment, assessed by Nrf2 nuclear translocation, protein levels of Keap1 and Nrf2 downstream target genes. Accordingly, Cd-reduced protein levels of antioxidant enzymes were significantly up-regulated by PU. Next, Nrf2 silencing cellular model was established to further elucidate the role of Nrf2 in the protection of PU against Cd-induced hepatic damage. Attenuation of Cd-induced autophagy inhibition and autophagosome accumulation by PU was remarkably countered by Nrf2 silencing. Moreover, alleviation of Cd-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by PU was distinctly prevented by Nrf2 knockdown, assessed by protein levels of NLRP3 inflammosome complex and downstream IL-18 and IL-1β production. Collectively, our data suggest that PU restores Cd-induced Nrf2 inhibition to prevent autophagy inhibition and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, providing novel insights into the protection of PU against Cd-induced hepatic cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ming Yu
- Dazhou Women's and Children's Hospital, No. 99 Baqu East Road, Tongchuan district, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, China
| | - Xue-Mei Wan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072,China
| | - Min Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072,China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Xue-Lei Zhou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072,China.
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5
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Ha YN, Song S, Orlikova-Boyer B, Cerella C, Christov C, Kijjoa A, Diederich M. Petromurin C Induces Protective Autophagy and Apoptosis in FLT3-ITD-Positive AML: Synergy with Gilteritinib. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18010057. [PMID: 31963113 PMCID: PMC7024157 DOI: 10.3390/md18010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains inefficient due to drug resistance and relapse, particularly in patients with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-internal tandem duplication (ITD). Marine-derived natural products have recently been used for drug development against AML. We show in this study that petromurin C, which was isolated from the culture extract of the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus candidus KUFA0062, isolated from the marine sponge Epipolasis sp., induces early autophagy followed by apoptotic cell death via activation of the intrinsic cell death pathway concomitant with mitochondrial stress and downregulation of Mcl-1 in FLT3-ITD mutated MV4-11 cells. Moreover, petromurin C synergized with the clinically-used FLT3 inhibitor gilteritinib at sub-toxic concentrations. Altogether, our results provide preliminary indications that petromurin C provides anti-leukemic effects alone or in combination with gilteritinib.
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MESH Headings
- Aniline Compounds/administration & dosage
- Aniline Compounds/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Aquatic Organisms/chemistry
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Biological Products/administration & dosage
- Biological Products/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drug Synergism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Pyrazines/administration & dosage
- Pyrazines/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- U937 Cells
- Zebrafish
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- You Na Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08626, Korea; (Y.N.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Sungmi Song
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08626, Korea; (Y.N.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Barbora Orlikova-Boyer
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (B.O.-B.); (C.C.)
| | - Claudia Cerella
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (B.O.-B.); (C.C.)
| | - Christo Christov
- Service d’Histologie, Faculté de Médicine, Université de Lorraine, INSERM U1256 NGERE, 54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Lexões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08626, Korea; (Y.N.H.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-8919
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6
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Moosavi MA, Djavaheri-Mergny M. Autophagy: New Insights into Mechanisms of Action and Resistance of Treatment in Acute Promyelocytic leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3559. [PMID: 31330838 PMCID: PMC6678259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is one of the main cellular catabolic pathways controlling a variety of physiological processes, including those involved in self-renewal, differentiation and death. While acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells manifest low levels of expression of autophagy genes associated with reduced autophagy activity, the introduction of all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA)-a differentiating agent currently used in clinical settings-restores autophagy in these cells. ATRA-induced autophagy is involved in granulocytes differentiation through a mechanism that involves among others the degradation of the PML-RARα oncoprotein. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is another anti-cancer agent that promotes autophagy-dependent clearance of promyelocytic leukemia retinoic acid receptor alpha gene (PML-RARα) in APL cells. Hence, enhancing autophagy may have therapeutic benefits in maturation-resistant APL cells. However, the role of autophagy in response to APL therapy is not so simple, because some autophagy proteins have been shown to play a pro-survival role upon ATRA and ATO treatment, and both agents can activate ETosis, a type of cell death mediated by the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (ETs). This review highlights recent findings on the impact of autophagy on the mechanisms of action of ATRA and ATO in APL cells. We also discuss the potential role of autophagy in the development of resistance to treatment, and of differentiation syndrome in APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 14965/161, Iran
| | - Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris 75006, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France.
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7
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Wang L, Yang L, Yang Z, Tang Y, Tao Y, Zhan Q, Lei L, Jing Y, Jiang X, Jin H, Zou Q, Xian J, Zhang L. Glycolytic Enzyme PKM2 Mediates Autophagic Activation to Promote Cell Survival in NPM1-Mutated Leukemia. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:882-894. [PMID: 30906218 PMCID: PMC6429014 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.30290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with mutated nucleophosmin (NPM1) has been defined as a distinct leukemia entity in the 2016 updated WHO classification of myeloid neoplasm. Our previous report showed that autophagic activity was elevated in NPM1-mutated AML, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Mount of study provides evidence that glycometabolic enzymes are implicated in the autophagic process. Pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2), a key glycolytic enzyme, has been recently reported as a tumor supporter in leukemia. However, little is known about the roles of PKM2 in autophagic activity in NPM1-mutated AML. In this study, PKM2 highly expressed in NPM1-mutated AML, and partially, high levels of PKM2 were upregulated by PTBP1. Further experiments demonstrated that PKM2 mediated autophagic activation and increased the phosphorylation of key autophagy protein Beclin-1. Importantly, functional experiments demonstrated that PKM2 contributed to cell survival via autophagic activation. Ultimately, high PKM2 expression was associated with short overall and event-free survival time in NPM1-mutated AML patients. Our findings indicate for the first time that glycolytic enzyme PKM2 mediates autophagic activation and further contributes to cell survival in NPM1-mutated AML, suggesting that PKM2 may serve as a promising target for treatment of NPM1-mutated AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zailin Yang
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Tao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhan
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Lei
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yipei Jing
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueke Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingrong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Therapeutic Modulation of Autophagy in Leukaemia and Lymphoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020103. [PMID: 30704144 PMCID: PMC6406467 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoiesis is a tightly orchestrated process where a pool of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with high self-renewal potential can give rise to both lymphoid and myeloid lineages. The HSPCs pool is reduced with ageing resulting in few HSPC clones maintaining haematopoiesis thereby reducing blood cell diversity, a phenomenon called clonal haematopoiesis. Clonal expansion of HSPCs carrying specific genetic mutations leads to increased risk for haematological malignancies. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that hematopoietic tumours develop in higher frequency in elderly people. Unfortunately, elderly patients with leukaemia or lymphoma still have an unsatisfactory prognosis compared to younger ones highlighting the need to develop more efficient therapies for this group of patients. Growing evidence indicates that macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is essential for health and longevity. This review is focusing on the role of autophagy in normal haematopoiesis as well as in leukaemia and lymphoma development. Attenuated autophagy may support early hematopoietic neoplasia whereas activation of autophagy in later stages of tumour development and in response to a variety of therapies rather triggers a pro-tumoral response. Novel insights into the role of autophagy in haematopoiesis will be discussed in light of designing new autophagy modulating therapies in hematopoietic cancers.
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9
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Spinello I, Saulle E, Quaranta MT, Pasquini L, Pelosi E, Castelli G, Ottone T, Voso MT, Testa U, Labbaye C. The small-molecule compound AC-73 targeting CD147 inhibits leukemic cell proliferation, induces autophagy and increases the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Haematologica 2018; 104:973-985. [PMID: 30467201 PMCID: PMC6518905 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.199661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD147 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with multiple functions in human healthy tissues and diseases, in particular in cancer. Overexpression of CD147 correlates with biological functions that promote tumor progression and confers resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. In contrast to solid tumors, the role of CD147 has not been extensively studied in leukemia. Understanding whether CD147 represents a new hematologic target and whether its inhibitor AC-73 may be used in leukemia therapy may reveal an alternative treatment strategy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We analyzed CD147 expression and function in hematopoietic progenitor cells from normal cord blood, in several leukemic cell lines and in primary leukemic blasts obtained from patients with AML. We investigated the effects of AC-73, used alone or in combination with arabinosylcytosine (Ara-C) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), on leukemic cell proliferation. We demonstrated that CD147 overexpression promotes leukemic cell proliferation. We showed that AC-73 exhibits a potent growth inhibitory activity in leukemic cells, by inhibiting the ERK/STAT3 activation pathway and activating autophagy. We demonstrated that AC-73 exerts an anti-proliferative effect additive to chemotherapy by enhancing leukemic cell sensitivity to Ara-C-induced cytotoxicity or to ATO-induced autophagy. We also reported CD147 expression in the fraction of leukemic blasts expressing CD371, a marker of leukemic stem cells. Altogether, our study indicates CD147 as a novel potential target in the treatment of AML and AC-73 as an anti-proliferative drug and an inducer of autophagy in leukemic cells to use in combination with chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Spinello
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome
| | - Ernestina Saulle
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome
| | - Maria Teresa Quaranta
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome
| | | | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità
| | - Tiziana Ottone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità
| | - Catherine Labbaye
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome
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10
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Lai JH, Luo SF, Ho LJ. Operation of mitochondrial machinery in viral infection-induced immune responses. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:348-356. [PMID: 30172712 PMCID: PMC7092938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have been recognized as ancient bacteria that contain evolutionary endosymbionts. Metabolic pathways and inflammatory signals interact within mitochondria in response to different stresses, such as viral infections. In this commentary, we address several interesting questions, including (1) how do mitochondrial machineries participate in immune responses; (2) how do mitochondria mediate antiviral immunity; (3) what mechanisms involved in mitochondrial machinery, including the downregulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), disturbances of mitochondrial dynamics, and the induction of mitophagy and regulation of apoptosis, have been adopted by viruses to evade antiviral immunity; (4) what mechanisms involve the regulation of mitochondrial machineries in antiviral therapeutics; and (5) what are the potential challenges and perspectives in developing mitochondria-targeting antiviral treatments? This commentary provides a comprehensive review of the roles and mechanisms of mitochondrial machineries in immunity, viral infections and related antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenn-Haung Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shue-Fen Luo
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ling-Jun Ho
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
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