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Kücük P, Abbey L, Schmitt J, Henninger C, Fritz G. Cardiomyocytes, cardiac endothelial cells and fibroblasts contribute to anthracycline-induced cardiac injury through RAS-homologous small GTPases RAC1 and CDC42. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107165. [PMID: 38561112 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The clinical use of the DNA damaging anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by irreversible cardiotoxicity, which depends on the cumulative dose. The RAS-homologous (RHO) small GTPase RAC1 contributes to DOX-induced DNA damage formation and cardiotoxicity. However, the pathophysiological relevance of other RHO GTPases than RAC1 and different cardiac cell types (i.e., cardiomyocytes, non-cardiomyocytes) for DOX-triggered cardiac damage is unclear. Employing diverse in vitro and in vivo models, we comparatively investigated the level of DOX-induced DNA damage in cardiomyocytes versus non-cardiomyocytes (endothelial cells and fibroblasts), in the presence or absence of selected RHO GTPase inhibitors. Non-cardiomyocytes exhibited the highest number of DOX-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), which were efficiently repaired in vitro. By contrast, rather low levels of DSB were formed in cardiomyocytes, which however remained largely unrepaired. Moreover, DOX-induced apoptosis was detected only in non-cardiomyocytes but not in cardiomyocytes. Pharmacological inhibitors of RAC1 and CDC42 most efficiently attenuated DOX-induced DNA damage in all cell types examined in vitro. Consistently, immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the RAC1 inhibitor NSC23766 and the pan-RHO GTPase inhibitor lovastatin reduced the level of DOX-induced residual DNA damage in both cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes in vivo. Overall, we conclude that endothelial cells, fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes contribute to the pathophysiology of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, with RAC1- and CDC42-regulated signaling pathways being especially relevant for DOX-stimulated DSB formation and DNA damage response (DDR) activation. Hence, we suggest dual targeting of RAC1/CDC42-dependent mechanisms in multiple cardiac cell types to mitigate DNA damage-dependent cardiac injury evoked by DOX-based anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Kücük
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Lena Abbey
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Joachim Schmitt
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Christian Henninger
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Gerhard Fritz
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
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Goina CA, Goina DM, Farcas SS, Andreescu NI. The Role of Circular RNA for Early Diagnosis and Improved Management of Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2986. [PMID: 38474233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for approximately 17.9 million deaths every year. There is growing evidence that circular RNAs (circRNAs) may play a significant role in the early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. As regulatory molecules, circular RNAs regulate gene expression, interact with proteins and miRNAs, and are translated into proteins that play a key role in a wide variety of biological processes, including the division and proliferation of cells, as well as the growth and development of individuals. An overview of the properties, expression profiles, classification, and functions of circRNAs is presented here, along with an explanation of their implications in cardiovascular diseases including heart failure, hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathies, atherosclerosis, and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Alexandrina Goina
- Doctoral School, Discipline of Genetics, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Piata Eftimie Murgu 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Marcela Goina
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Simona Sorina Farcas
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, Discipline of Genetics, Genomic Medicine Centre, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Piata Eftimie Murgu 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Ioana Andreescu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, Discipline of Genetics, Genomic Medicine Centre, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Piata Eftimie Murgu 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Yu F, Li X, Gao H, Li P. The circRNA-miRNA/RBP regulatory network in myocardial infarction. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:941123. [PMID: 35924059 PMCID: PMC9340152 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.941123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious heart disease that causes high mortality rate worldwide. Noncoding RNAs are widely involved in the pathogenesis of MI. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recently validated to be crucial modulators of MI. CircRNAs are circularized RNAs with covalently closed loops, which make them stable under various conditions. CircRNAs can function by different mechanisms, such as serving as sponges of microRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), regulating mRNA transcription, and encoding peptides. Among these mechanisms, sponging miRNAs/RBPs is the main pathway. In this paper, we systematically review the current knowledge on the properties and action modes of circRNAs, elaborate on the roles of the circRNA-miRNA/RBP network in MI, and explore the value of circRNAs in MI diagnosis and clinical therapies. CircRNAs are widely involved in MI. CircRNAs have many advantages, such as stability, specificity, and wide distribution, which imply that circRNAs have a great potential to act as biomarkers for MI diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang, ; Peifeng Li,
| | | | | | | | | | - Peifeng Li
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang, ; Peifeng Li,
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Pantazi D, Tselepis AD. Cardiovascular toxic effects of antitumor agents: Pathogenetic mechanisms. Thromb Res 2022; 213 Suppl 1:S95-S102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Wang Y, Jian Y, Zhang X, Ni B, Wang M, Pan C. Melatonin protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts from oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion-induced injury by inhibiting Rac1/JNK/Foxo3a/Bim signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:415-426. [PMID: 34882903 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has been shown to protect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury, however, the precise molecular mechanisms have not been fully clarified. The present study was aimed to investigate whether inactivation of Rac1/JNK/Foxo3a/Bim signaling pathway is responsible for the protective effect of melatonin on I/R-induced myocardial injury. Our results showed that Foxo3a downregulation contributed to the protective effect of melatonin on OGD/R-induced injury of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Melatonin treatment led to a reduced activity of Rac1, which was responsible for Foxo3a downregulation and decreased cell injury in OGD/R-exposed H9c2 cells. Furthermore, JNK acts as a downstream effector of Rac1 in mediating melatonin-induced inactivation of Foxo3a/Bim signaling pathway and decreased cell injury in OGD/R-exposed H9c2 cells. In conclusion, our results indicate that melatonin protects H9c2 cells against OGD/R-induced injury by inactivating the Rac1/JNK/Foxo3a/Bim signaling pathway. This study provided a novel insight into the protective mechanism of melatonin against I/R-induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- Department of Emergency Center, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ying Jian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Ni
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chunqi Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Wu Y, Wu M, Yang J, Li Y, Peng W, Wu M, Yu C, Fang M. Silencing CircHIPK3 Sponges miR-93-5p to Inhibit the Activation of Rac1/PI3K/AKT Pathway and Improves Myocardial Infarction-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:645378. [PMID: 33996942 PMCID: PMC8119651 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.645378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ceRNA network involving circular RNAs (circRNAs) is essential in the cardiovascular system. We investigated the underlying ceRNA network involving circHIPK3 in myocardial infarction (MI). After an MI model was established, cardiac function was verified, and myocardial tissue damage in mice with MI was evaluated. A hypoxia model of cardiomyocytes was used to simulate MI in vivo, and the expression of and targeting relationships among circHIPK3, miR-93-5p, and Rac1 were verified. The apoptosis of cardiomyocyte was identified. Gain- and loss-of-functions were performed to verify the ceRNA mechanism. The MI-modeled mice showed cardiac dysfunction and enlarged infarct size. CircHIPK3 was highly expressed in mouse and cell models of MI. Silencing circHIPK3 reduced infarct size, myocardial collagen deposition, and myocardial apoptosis rate and improved cardiac function. CircHIPK3 sponged miR-93-5p, and miR-93-5p targeted Rac1. Overexpression of miR-93-5p inhibited MI-induced cardiomyocyte injury and eliminated the harmful effect of circHIPK3. CircHIPK3 acted as ceRNA to absorb miR-93-5p, thus promoting the activation of the Rac1/PI3K/AKT pathway. We highlighted that silencing circHIPK3 can upregulate miR-93-5p and then inhibit the activation of Rac1/PI3K/Akt pathway, which can improve MI-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jue Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenying Peng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meifen Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China,Changjiang Yu
| | - Miaoxian Fang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Miaoxian Fang
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Anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy: cellular and molecular mechanisms. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:1859-1885. [PMID: 32677679 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the known risk of cardiotoxicity, anthracyclines are widely prescribed chemotherapeutic agents. They are broadly characterized as being a robust effector of cellular apoptosis in rapidly proliferating cells through its actions in the nucleus and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). And, despite the early use of dexrazoxane, no effective treatment strategy has emerged to prevent the development of cardiomyopathy, despite decades of study, suggesting that much more insight into the underlying mechanism of the development of cardiomyopathy is needed. In this review, we detail the specific intracellular activities of anthracyclines, from the cell membrane to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and highlight potential therapeutic windows that represent the forefront of research into the underlying causes of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Sala V, Della Sala A, Hirsch E, Ghigo A. Signaling Pathways Underlying Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1098-1114. [PMID: 31989842 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The cardiac side effects of hematological treatments are a major issue of the growing population of cancer survivors, often affecting patient survival even more than the tumor for which the treatment was initially prescribed. Among the most cardiotoxic drugs are anthracyclines (ANTs), highly potent antitumor agents, which still represent a mainstay in the treatment of hematological and solid tumors. Unfortunately, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cardiotoxicity are still unmet clinical needs, which call for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism behind the pathology. Recent Advances: This review article will discuss recent findings on the pathomechanisms underlying the cardiotoxicity of ANTs, spanning from DNA and mitochondrial damage to calcium homeostasis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Special emphasis will be given to the role of reactive oxygen species and their interplay with major signaling pathways. Critical Issues: Although new promising therapeutic targets and new drugs have started to be identified, their efficacy has been mainly proven in preclinical studies and requires clinical validation. Future Directions: Future studies are awaited to confirm the relevance of recently uncovered targets, as well as to identify new druggable pathways, in more clinically relevant models, including, for example, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Angela Della Sala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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