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Sandal P, Kumari L, Patel P, Singh A, Singh D, Gupta GD, Kurmi BD. Doxorubicin Conjugates: An Efficient Approach for Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy with Reduced Side Effects. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2023; 21:137-156. [PMID: 37083490 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2022.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous drug delivery modification is the scientific approach and is a basic need for the efficient therapeutic efficacy of active drug molecules. Polymer-drug conjugates have long been a hallmark of the drug delivery sector, with various conjugates on the market or in clinical trials. Improved drug solubilization, extended blood circulation, decreased immunogenicity, controlled release behavior, and increased safety are the advantages of conjugating drugs to the polymeric carrier like polyethylene glycol (PEG). Polymer therapies have evolved over the last decade, resulting in polymer-drug conjugates with diverse topologies and chemical properties. Traditional nondegradable polymeric carriers like PEG and hydroxy propyl methacrylate have been clinically employed to fabricate polymer-drug conjugates. Still, functionalized polymer-drug conjugates are increasingly being used to increase localized drug delivery and ease of removal. Researchers have developed multifunctional carriers that can "see and treat" patients using medicinal and diagnostic chemicals. This review focused on the various conjugation approaches for attaching the doxorubicin to different polymers to achieve enhanced therapeutic efficacy, that is, increased bioavailability and reduced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Sandal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India
| | - Lakshmi Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India
| | - Amrinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India
| | | | - Balak Das Kurmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India
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2
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An injectable and pH-responsive hyaluronic acid hydrogel as metformin carrier for prevention of breast cancer recurrence. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 304:120493. [PMID: 36641175 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To achieve the pH-responsive release of metformin in tumor acidic microenvironment, we prepared OHA-Met by covalently grafting metformin (Met) onto oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) through imine bonds, and then prepared carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/OHA-Met drug loaded hydrogels. The CMCS/OHA-Met hydrogels showed the in-situ injection performance. At pH = 7.4, the cumulative release rate of metformin from CMCS/OHA-Met20 hydrogel was 42.7 ± 2.6 % in 6 h, and the release tended to balance after 72 h. At pH = 5.5, the release kept constant and the cumulative release rate was 79.3 ± 4.7 % at 6 h, showing good pH-responsive behavior. Metformin induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells through the caspase 3/PARP pathway. CMCS/OHA-Met20 hydrogel could effectively kill MCF-7 cells, while reducing the cytotoxicity of free metformin to L929 cells. In vivo breast cancer recurrence experiments showed CMCS/OHA-Met20 hydrogel could achieve local injection and pH-responsive smart drug delivery at the tumor resection site, inhibiting breast cancer recurrence. Compared with direct administration, CMCS/OHA-Met20 hydrogel reduced the metformin dosage, frequency of administration and systemic side effects.
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3
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Wan Z, Huang H, West RE, Zhang M, Zhang B, Cai X, Zhang Z, Luo Z, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Xie W, Yang D, Nolin TD, Wang J, Li S, Sun J. Overcoming pancreatic cancer immune resistance by codelivery of CCR2 antagonist using a STING-activating gemcitabine-based nanocarrier. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2023; 62:33-50. [PMID: 38239407 PMCID: PMC10795849 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
STING agonist has recently gained much attention for cancer treatment, but the therapeutic potential of STING agonist is hampered by STING-associated tumor immune resistance. In this work, guided by both bioinformatics and computer modeling, we rationally designed a "one stone hits two birds" nanoparticle-based strategy to simultaneously activate STING innate immune response while eliminating STING-associated immune resistance for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We discovered that the ultra-small sized micellar system based on gemcitabine-conjugated polymer (PGEM), which showed superior capacity of penetration in pancreatic tumor spheroid model and orthotopic tumor model, could serve as a novel "STING agonist". The activation of STING signaling in dendritic cells (DCs) by PGEM increased both innate nature killer (NK) and adaptive anti-tumor T cell response. However, activation of STING signaling by PGEM in tumor cells also drove the induction of chemokines CCL2 and CCL7, resulting in immune resistance by recruiting tumor associated macrophage (TAM) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Through the combination of computer modeling and experimental screening, we developed a dual delivery modality by incorporating a CCR2 (the receptor shared by both CCL2 and CCL7) antagonist PF-6309 (PF) into PGEM micellar system. Our studies demonstrated that PGEM/PF formulation significantly reduced pancreatic tumor burden and induced potent anti-tumor immunity through reversing the CCL2/CCL7-mediated immunosuppression. Moreover, PGEM/PF sensitized PDAC tumors to anti-PD-1 therapy, leading to complete suppression/eradication of the tumors. Our work has shed light to the multi-faceted role of STING activation and provided a novel immunotherapy regimen to maximize the benefit of STING activation for PDAC treatment. In addition, this work paved a new way for bioinformatics and computer modeling-guided rational design of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Wan
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haozhe Huang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Raymond E West
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bei Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xinran Cai
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ziqian Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhangyi Luo
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuang Chen
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Da Yang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas D Nolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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4
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Harnessing the gene delivery, anti-cancer and antimicrobial potential of polyethylene biguanides and their nanotized forms. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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5
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Nie W, Chen J, Wang B, Gao X. Nonviral vector system for cancer immunogene therapy. MEDCOMM – BIOMATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mba2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu PR China
| | - Bilan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu PR China
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Moharil P, Wan Z, Pardeshi A, Li J, Huang H, Luo Z, Rathod S, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Zhang B, Fernandez CA, Sun J, Li S. Engineering a folic acid-decorated ultrasmall gemcitabine nanocarrier for breast cancer therapy: Dual targeting of tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1148-1162. [PMID: 35530140 PMCID: PMC9072252 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination of passive targeting with active targeting is a promising approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of nanotherapy. However, most reported polymeric systems have sizes above 100 nm, which limits effective extravasation into tumors that are poorly vascularized and have dense stroma. This will, in turn, limit the overall effectiveness of the subsequent uptake by tumor cells via active targeting. In this study, we combined the passive targeting via ultra-small-sized gemcitabine (GEM)-based nanoparticles (NPs) with the active targeting provided by folic acid (FA) conjugation for enhanced dual targeted delivery to tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We developed an FA-modified prodrug carrier based on GEM (PGEM) to load doxorubicin (DOX), for co-delivery of GEM and DOX to tumors. The co-delivery system showed small particle size of ∼10 nm in diameter. The ligand-free and FA-targeted micelles showed comparable drug loading efficiency and a sustained DOX release profile. The FA-conjugated micelles effectively increased DOX uptake in cultured KB cancer cells that express a high level of folate receptor (FR), but no obvious increase was observed in 4T1.2 breast cancer cells that have a low-level expression of FR. Interestingly, in vivo, systemic delivery of FA-PGEM/DOX led to enhanced accumulation of the NPs in tumor and drastic reduction of tumor growth in a murine 4T1.2 breast cancer model. Mechanistic study showed that 4T1.2 tumor grown in mice expressed a significantly higher level of FOLR2, which was selectively expressed on TAMs. Thus, targeting of TAM may also contribute to the improved in vivo targeted delivery and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Apurva Pardeshi
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Haozhe Huang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zhangyi Luo
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sanjay Rathod
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ziqian Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yuang Chen
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bei Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Christian A. Fernandez
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Hu Q, Yao J, Wang X, Wang Y, Fu X, Ma J, Lin H, Xu J, Shen L, Yu X. Combinational Chemoimmunotherapy for Breast Cancer by Codelivery of Doxorubicin and PD-L1 siRNA Using a PAMAM-Incorporated Liposomal Nanoplatform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8782-8792. [PMID: 35138103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemoimmunotherapy can synergistically enhance the therapeutic effects and decrease the side effects by a combined method. However, the effective targeted codelivery of various chemotherapeutic agents and siRNAs remains challenging. Although nanomedicine-based chemoimmunotherapy has shown great potential in cancer treatment in recent years, further effort is needed to simplify the nanocarrier designs and maintain their effective functions. Here, we report a simple but robust multifunctional liposomal nanocarrier that contains a pH-sensitive liposome (LP) shell and a dendritic core for tumor-targeted codelivery of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) siRNA and doxorubicin (DOX) (siPD-L1@PM/DOX/LPs). siPD-L1@PM/DOX/LPs had a suitable particle size and zeta potential, excellent stability in serum, and pH-sensitive drug release in vitro. They exhibited significant cell proliferation inhibition compared to free DOX and DOX-loaded LPs and could escape endosomes, effectively release siRNA into the cytoplasm of MCF-7 cells, and significantly reduce the PD-L1 expression on tumor cells. In vivo imaging confirmed high accumulation of siPD-L1@PM/DOX/LPs at the tumor site. More importantly, compared with siPD-L1@PM/LPs or DOX alone, siPD-L1@PM/DOX/LPs were more effective in inhibiting tumor growth and activating cytotoxic T cells in vivo. In conclusion, this nanocarrier may hold promise as a codelivery nanoplatform to improve the treatment of various solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou 350122, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou 350122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou 350122, P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou 350122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou 350122, P. R. China
| | - Ju Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou 350122, P. R. China
| | - Han Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou 350122, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou 350122, P. R. China
| | - Longhua Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou 350122, P. R. China
| | - Xiangbin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou 350122, P. R. China
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8
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Kaur J, Gulati M, Kumar Jha N, Disouza J, Patravale V, Dua K, Kumar Singh S. Recent advances in developing polymeric micelles for treating cancer: breakthroughs and bottlenecks in their clinical translation. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1495-1512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Qiao L, Yuan X, Peng H, Shan G, Gao M, Yi X, He X. Targeted delivery and stimulus-responsive release of anticancer drugs for efficient chemotherapy. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2218-2228. [PMID: 34668829 PMCID: PMC8530493 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1986602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is currently an irreplaceable strategy for cancer treatment. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is a clinical first-line drug for cancer chemotherapy. While its efficacy for cancer treatment is greatly compromised due to invalid enrichment or serious side effects. To increase the content of intracellular targets and boost the antitumor effect of DOX, a novel biotinylated hyaluronic acid-guided dual-functionalized CaCO3-based drug delivery system (DOX@BHNP) with target specificity and acid-triggered drug-releasing capability was synthesized. The ability of the drug delivery system on enriching DOX in mitochondria and nucleus, which further cause significant tumor inhibition, were investigated to provide a more comprehensive understanding of this CaCO3-based drug delivery system. After targeted endocytosis by tumor cells, DOX could release faster in the weakly acidic lysosome, and further enrich in mitochondria and nucleus, which cause mitochondrial destruction and nuclear DNA leakage, and result in cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Virtually, an effective tumor inhibition was observed in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, the batch-to-batch variation of DOX loading level in the DOX@BHNP system is negligible, and no obvious histological changes in the main organs were observed, indicating the promising application of this functionalized drug delivery system in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guisong Shan
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yi
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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10
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Ning B, Yu AM. RNA therapeutics: From biochemical pharmacology to technology development and clinical applications. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 189:114567. [PMID: 33865832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baitang Ning
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration (NCTR), 3900 NCTR Road, HFT100, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States.
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2130, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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Wan Z, Zheng R, Moharil P, Liu Y, Chen J, Sun R, Song X, Ao Q. Polymeric Micelles in Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2021; 26:1220. [PMID: 33668746 PMCID: PMC7956602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have generated some miracles in the clinic by orchestrating our immune system to combat cancer cells. However, the safety and efficacy concerns of the systemic delivery of these immunostimulatory agents has limited their application. Nanomedicine-based delivery strategies (e.g., liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, silico, etc.) play an essential role in improving cancer immunotherapies, either by enhancing the anti-tumor immune response, or reducing their systemic adverse effects. The versatility of working with biocompatible polymers helps these polymeric nanoparticles stand out as a key carrier to improve bioavailability and achieve specific delivery at the site of action. This review provides a summary of the latest advancements in the use of polymeric micelles for cancer immunotherapy, including their application in delivering immunological checkpoint inhibitors, immunostimulatory molecules, engineered T cells, and cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Wan
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Z.W.); (J.C.); (X.S.)
| | - Ruohui Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Pearl Moharil
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Z.W.); (J.C.); (X.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Runzi Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Xu Song
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Z.W.); (J.C.); (X.S.)
| | - Qiang Ao
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Z.W.); (J.C.); (X.S.)
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