1
|
Cao W, Sun M, Yu KN, Zhao L, Feng Y, Tan C, Yang M, Wang Y, Zhu F, Chen L, Nie L, Zhao Y, Chen G, Han W. Exogenous carbon monoxide promotes GPX4-dependent ferroptosis through ROS/GSK3β axis in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:42. [PMID: 38263152 PMCID: PMC10805785 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01743-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The gas therapy is drawing increasing attention in the treatment of many diseases including cancer. As one of gas signaling molecules, carbon monoxide (CO) has been proved to exert anti-cancer effects via triggering multiple cell death types, such as autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis. Here, we showed that low concentration CO delivered from CO-releasing molecule 3 (CORM-3) effectively induced ferroptosis, known as a novel proinflammatory programmed cell death, in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that CO triggered ferroptosis by modulating the ROS/GSK3β/GPX4 signaling pathway, resulting in the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides and the occurrence of ferroptosis. We think our findings provide novel insights into the anti-cancer mechanisms of CO, and suggest that CO could potentially be exploited as a novel ferroptosis inducer for cancer treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R. China
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230031, Hefei, P.R. China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230031, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - K N Yu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Lele Zhao
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230031, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Yue Feng
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230031, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Tan
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230031, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R. China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Fengqin Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R. China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Lianjun Chen
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, 230031, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Lili Nie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R. China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230031, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R. China.
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230031, Hefei, P.R. China.
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Han
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230031, Hefei, P.R. China.
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dugbartey GJ. Therapeutic benefits of nitric oxide in lung transplantation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115549. [PMID: 37734260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation is an evolutionary procedure from its experimental origin in the twentieth century and is now recognized as an established and routine life-saving intervention for a variety of end-stage pulmonary diseases refractory to medical management. Despite the success and continuous refinement in lung transplantation techniques, the widespread application of this important life-saving intervention is severely hampered by poor allograft quality offered from donors-after-brain-death. This has necessitated the use of lung allografts from donors-after-cardiac-death (DCD) as an additional source to expand the pool of donor lungs. Remarkably, the lung exhibits unique properties that may make it ideally suitable for DCD lung transplantation. However, primary graft dysfunction (PGD), allograft rejection and other post-transplant complications arising from unavoidable ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of transplanted lungs, increase morbidity and mortality of lung transplant recipients annually. In the light of this, nitric oxide (NO), a selective pulmonary vasodilator, has been identified as a suitable agent that attenuates lung IRI and prevents PGD when administered directly to lung donors prior to donor lung procurement, or to recipients during and after transplantation, or administered indirectly by supplementing lung preservation solutions. This review presents a historical account of clinical lung transplantation and discusses the lung as an ideal organ for DCD. Next, the author highlights IRI and its clinical effects in lung transplantation. Finally, the author discusses preservation solutions suitable for lung transplantation, and the protective effects and mechanisms of NO in experimental and clinical lung transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Accra College of Medicine, Magnolia St, JVX5+FX9, East Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dugbartey GJ. Nitric oxide in kidney transplantation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115530. [PMID: 37722191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with kidney failure. Compared to dialysis therapy, it provides better quality of life and confers significant survival advantage at a relatively lower cost. However, the long-term success of this life-saving intervention is severely hampered by an inexorable clinical problem referred to as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and increases the incidence of post-transplant complications including loss of renal graft function and death of transplant recipients. Burgeoning evidence shows that nitric oxide (NO), a poisonous gas at high concentrations, and with a historic negative public image as an environmental pollutant, has emerged as a potential candidate that holds clinical promise in mitigating IRI and preventing acute and chronic graft rejection when it is added to kidney preservation solutions at low concentrations or when administered to the kidney donor prior to kidney procurement and to the recipient or to the reperfusion circuit at the start and during reperfusion after renal graft preservation. Interestingly, dysregulated or abnormal endogenous production and metabolism of NO is associated with IRI in kidney transplantation. From experimental and clinical perspectives, this review presents endogenous enzymatic production of NO as well as its exogenous sources, and then discusses protective effects of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-derived NO against IRI in kidney transplantation via several signaling pathways. The review also highlights a few isolated studies of renal graft protection by NO produced by inducible NOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Accra College of Medicine, Magnolia St, JVX5+FX9, East Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dugbartey GJ. Physiological role of hydrogen sulfide in the kidney and its therapeutic implications for kidney diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115396. [PMID: 37647689 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For over three centuries, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been known as a toxic and deadly gas at high concentrations, with a distinctive smell of rotten eggs. However, studies over the past two decades have shown that H2S has risen above its historically notorious label and has now received significant scientific attention as an endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecule that participates in cellular homeostasis and influences a myriad of physiological and pathological processes at low concentrations. Its endogenous production is enzymatically regulated, and when dysregulated, contributes to pathogenesis of renal diseases. In addition, exogenous H2S administration has been reported to exhibit important therapeutic characteristics that target multiple molecular pathways in common renal pathologies in which reduced levels of renal and plasma H2S were observed. This review highlights functional anatomy of the kidney and renal production of H2S. The review also discusses current understanding of H2S in renal physiology and seeks to lay the foundation as a new targeted therapeutic agent for renal pathologies such as hypertensive nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease and water balance disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Accra College of Medicine, Magnolia St, JVX5+FX9, East Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pre-Treatment of Transplant Donors with Hydrogen Sulfide to Protect against Warm and Cold Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Kidney and Other Transplantable Solid Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043518. [PMID: 36834928 PMCID: PMC9963309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), a pathological condition resulting from prolonged cessation and subsequent restoration of blood flow to a tissue, is an inevitable consequence of solid organ transplantation. Current organ preservation strategies, such as static cold storage (SCS), are aimed at reducing IRI. However, prolonged SCS exacerbates IRI. Recent research has examined pre-treatment approaches to more effectively attenuate IRI. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third established member of a family of gaseous signaling molecules, has been shown to target the pathophysiology of IRI and thus appears to be a viable candidate that can overcome the transplant surgeon's enemy. This review discusses pre-treatment of renal grafts and other transplantable organs with H2S to mitigate transplantation-induced IRI in animal models of transplantation. In addition, ethical principles of pre-treatment and potential applications of H2S pre-treatment in the prevention of other IRI-associated conditions are discussed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Methane Admixture Protects Liver Mitochondria and Improves Graft Function after Static Cold Storage and Reperfusion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020271. [PMID: 36829829 PMCID: PMC9951982 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are targets of cold ischemia-reperfusion (IR), the major cause of cell damage during static cold preservation of liver allografts. The bioactivity of methane (CH4) has recently been recognized in various hypoxic and IR conditions as having influence on many aspects of mitochondrial biology. We therefore hypothesized that cold storage of liver grafts in CH4-enriched preservation solution can provide an increased defence against organ dysfunction in a preclinical rat model of liver transplantation. Livers were preserved for 24 h in cold histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) or CH4-enriched HTK solution (HTK-CH4) (n = 24 each); then, viability parameters were monitored for 60 min during normothermic isolated reperfusion and perfusate and liver tissue were collected. The oxidative phosphorylation capacity and extramitochondrial Ca2+ movement were measured by high resolution respirometry. Oxygen and glucose consumption increased significantly while hepatocellular damage was decreased in the HTK-CH4 grafts compared to the HTK group. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity was more preserved (128.8 ± 31.5 pmol/s/mL vs 201.3 ± 54.8 pmol/s/mL) and a significantly higher Ca2+ flux was detected in HTK-CH4 storage (2.9 ± 0.1 mV/s) compared to HTK (2.3 ± 0.09 mV/s). These results demonstrate the direct effect of CH4 on hepatic mitochondrial function and extramitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes, which may have contributed to improved graft functions and a preserved histomorphology after cold IR.
Collapse
|
7
|
Carbon monoxide in cell signaling and potential therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115231. [PMID: 35988734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Sun HJ, Wang ZC, Nie XW, Bian JS. Therapeutic potential of carbon monoxide in hypertension-induced vascular smooth muscle cell damage revisited: from physiology and pharmacology. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115008. [PMID: 35318039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As a chronic and progressive disorder, hypertension remains to be a serious public health problem around the world. Among the different types of hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease associated with pulmonary arteriole remodeling, right ventricular failure and death. The contemporary management of systemic hypertension and PAH has substantially grown since more therapeutic targets and/or agents have been developed. Evolving treatment strategies targeting the vascular remodeling lead to improving outcomes in patients with hypertension, nevertheless, significant advancement opportunities for developing better antihypertensive drugs remain. Carbon monoxide (CO), an active endogenous gasotransmitter along with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO), is primarily generated by heme oxygenase (HO). Cumulative evidence suggests that CO is considered as an important signaling molecule under both physiological and pathological conditions. Studies have shown that CO confers a number of biological and pharmacological properties, especially its involvement in the pathological process and treatment of hypertension-related vascular remodeling. This review will critically outline the roles of CO in hypertension-associated vascular remodeling and discuss the underlying mechanisms for the protective effects of CO against hypertension and vascular remodeling. In addition, we will propose the challenges and perspectives of CO in hypertensive vascular remodeling. It is expected that a comprehensive understanding of CO in the vasculature might be essential to translate CO to be a novel pharmacological agent for hypertension-induced vascular remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zi-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Heme Oxygenase-1: An Anti-Inflammatory Effector in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Related Metabolic Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030555. [PMID: 35326205 PMCID: PMC8944973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme system catabolizes heme to carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and biliverdin-IXα (BV), which is reduced to bilirubin-IXα (BR) by biliverdin reductase (BVR). HO activity is represented by two distinct isozymes, the inducible form, HO-1, and a constitutive form, HO-2, encoded by distinct genes (HMOX1, HMOX2, respectively). HO-1 responds to transcriptional activation in response to a wide variety of chemical and physical stimuli, including its natural substrate heme, oxidants, and phytochemical antioxidants. The expression of HO-1 is regulated by NF-E2-related factor-2 and counter-regulated by Bach-1, in a heme-sensitive manner. Additionally, HMOX1 promoter polymorphisms have been associated with human disease. The induction of HO-1 can confer protection in inflammatory conditions through removal of heme, a pro-oxidant and potential catalyst of lipid peroxidation, whereas iron released from HO activity may trigger ferritin synthesis or ferroptosis. The production of heme-derived reaction products (i.e., BV, BR) may contribute to HO-dependent cytoprotection via antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. Additionally, BVR and BR have newly recognized roles in lipid regulation. CO may alter mitochondrial function leading to modulation of downstream signaling pathways that culminate in anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory effects. This review will present evidence for beneficial effects of HO-1 and its reaction products in human diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic conditions, including diabetes and obesity, as well as acute and chronic diseases of the liver, kidney, or lung. Strategies targeting the HO-1 pathway, including genetic or chemical modulation of HO-1 expression, or application of BR, CO gas, or CO donor compounds show therapeutic potential in inflammatory conditions, including organ ischemia/reperfusion injury. Evidence from human studies indicate that HO-1 expression may represent a biomarker of oxidative stress in various clinical conditions, while increases in serum BR levels have been correlated inversely to risk of CVD and metabolic disease. Ongoing human clinical trials investigate the potential of CO as a therapeutic in human disease.
Collapse
|
10
|
Dugbartey GJ. Carbon Monoxide in Pancreatic Islet Transplantation: A New Therapeutic Alternative to Patients With Severe Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:750816. [PMID: 34707503 PMCID: PMC8542862 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.750816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a minimally invasive procedure to replace β-cells in a subset of patients with autoimmune type 1 diabetic mellitus, who are extremely sensitive to insulin and lack counter-regulatory measures, and thereby increasing their risk of neuroglycopenia and hypoglycemia unawareness. Thus, pancreatic islet transplantation restores normoglycemia and insulin independence, and prevents long-term surgical complications associated with whole-organ pancreas transplantation. Nonetheless, relative inefficiency of islet isolation and storage process as well as progressive loss of islet function after transplantation due to unvoidable islet inflammation and apoptosis, hinder a successful islet transplantation. Carbon monoxide (CO), a gas which was once feared for its toxicity and death at high concentrations, has recently emerged as a medical gas that seems to overcome the challenges in islet transplantation. This minireview discusses recent findings about CO in preclinical pancreatic islet transplantation and the underlying molecular mechanisms that ensure islet protection during isolation, islet culture, transplantation and post-transplant periods in type 1 diabetic transplant recipients. In addition, the review also discusses clinical translation of these promising experimental findings that serve to lay the foundation for CO in islet transplantation to replace the role of insulin therapy, and thus acting as a cure for type 1 diabetes mellitus and preventing long-term diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Piotrowski ER, Tift MS, Crocker DE, Pearson AB, Vázquez-Medina JP, Keith AD, Khudyakov JI. Ontogeny of Carbon Monoxide-Related Gene Expression in a Deep-Diving Marine Mammal. Front Physiol 2021; 12:762102. [PMID: 34744798 PMCID: PMC8567018 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.762102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine mammals such as northern elephant seals (NES) routinely experience hypoxemia and ischemia-reperfusion events to many tissues during deep dives with no apparent adverse effects. Adaptations to diving include increased antioxidants and elevated oxygen storage capacity associated with high hemoprotein content in blood and muscle. The natural turnover of heme by heme oxygenase enzymes (encoded by HMOX1 and HMOX2) produces endogenous carbon monoxide (CO), which is present at high levels in NES blood and has been shown to have cytoprotective effects in laboratory systems exposed to hypoxia. To understand how pathways associated with endogenous CO production and signaling change across ontogeny in diving mammals, we measured muscle CO and baseline expression of 17 CO-related genes in skeletal muscle and whole blood of three age classes of NES. Muscle CO levels approached those of animals exposed to high exogenous CO, increased with age, and were significantly correlated with gene expression levels. Muscle expression of genes associated with CO production and antioxidant defenses (HMOX1, BVR, GPX3, PRDX1) increased with age and was highest in adult females, while that of genes associated with protection from lipid peroxidation (GPX4, PRDX6, PRDX1, SIRT1) was highest in adult males. In contrast, muscle expression of mitochondrial biogenesis regulators (PGC1A, ESRRA, ESRRG) was highest in pups, while genes associated with inflammation (HMOX2, NRF2, IL1B) did not vary with age or sex. Blood expression of genes involved in regulation of inflammation (IL1B, NRF2, BVR, IL10) was highest in pups, while HMOX1, HMOX2 and pro-inflammatory markers (TLR4, CCL4, PRDX1, TNFA) did not vary with age. We propose that ontogenetic upregulation of baseline HMOX1 expression in skeletal muscle of NES may, in part, underlie increases in CO levels and expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes. HMOX2, in turn, may play a role in regulating inflammation related to ischemia and reperfusion in muscle and circulating immune cells. Our data suggest putative ontogenetic mechanisms that may enable phocid pups to transition to a deep-diving lifestyle, including high baseline expression of genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and immune system activation during postnatal development and increased expression of genes associated with protection from lipid peroxidation in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael S. Tift
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Daniel E. Crocker
- Biology Department, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, United States
| | - Anna B. Pearson
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - José P. Vázquez-Medina
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Anna D. Keith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - Jane I. Khudyakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dugbartey GJ. Emerging role of carbon monoxide in intestinal transplantation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112237. [PMID: 34649361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal transplantation has become an established therapeutic option that provides improved quality of life to patients with end-stage intestinal failure when total parenteral nutrition fails. Whereas this challenging life-saving intervention has shown exceptional growth over the past decade, illustrating the evolution of this complex and technical procedure from its preclinical origin in the mid-20th century to become a routine clinical practice today with several recent innovations, its success is hampered by multiple hurdles including technical challenges such as surgical manipulation during intestinal graft procurement, graft preservation and reperfusion damage, resulting in poor graft quality, graft rejection, post-operative infectious complications, and ultimately negatively impacting long-term recipient survival. Therefore, strategies to improve current intestinal transplantation protocol may have a significant impact on post-transplant outcomes. Carbon monoxide (CO), previously considered solely as a toxic gas, has recently been shown to be a physiological signaling molecule at low physiological concentrations with therapeutic potentials that could overcome some of the challenges in intestinal transplantation. This review discusses recent knowledge about CO in intestinal transplantation, the underlying molecular mechanisms of protection during intestinal graft procurement, preservation, transplantation and post-transplant periods. A section of the review also discusses clinical translation of CO and its challenges in the field of solid organ transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Western University, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|