Triazolothiadiazine derivative positively modulates CXCR4 signaling and improves diabetic wound healing

Advances in GPCR-targeted drug development in dermatology

Achieving the efficacy and specificity of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) targeting-drugs in the skin remains challenging. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying GPCR dysfunction is crucial for developing targeted therapies. Recent advances in genetic, signal transduction, and structural studies have significantly improved our understanding of cutaneous GPCR functions in both normal and pathological states. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries of pathogenic GPCRs in dermal injuries, chronic inflammatory dermatoses, cutaneous malignancies, as well as the development of potent potential drugs. We also discuss targeting of cutaneous GPCR complexes via the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel and structure elucidation, which provide new opportunities for therapeutic targeting of GPCRs involved in skin disorders. These insights are expected to lead to more effective and specific treatments for various skin conditions.

The Involvement of Cysteine-X-Cysteine Motif Chemokine Receptors in Skin Homeostasis and the Pathogenesis of Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Psoriasis

Members of the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR) superfamily play central roles in initiating the innate immune response in mammalian cells by orchestrating selective cell migration and immune cell activation. With its multilayered structure, the skin, which is the largest organ in the body, performs a crucial defense function, protecting the human body from harmful environmental threats and pathogens. CXCRs contribute to primary immunological defense; these receptors are differentially expressed by different types of skin cells and act as key players in initiating downstream innate immune responses. While the initiation of inflammatory responses by CXCRs is essential for pathogen elimination and tissue healing, overactivation of these receptors can enhance T-cell-mediated autoimmune responses, resulting in excessive inflammation and the development of several skin disorders, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, vitiligo, autoimmune diseases, and skin cancers. In summary, CXCRs serve as critical links that connect innate immunity and adaptive immunity. In this article, we present the current knowledge about the functions of CXCRs in the homeostasis function of the skin and their contributions to the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis and psoriasis. Furthermore, we will examine the research progress and efficacy of therapeutic approaches that target CXCRs.