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Amroodi MN, Maghsoudloo M, Amiri S, Mokhtari K, Mohseni P, Pourmarjani A, Jamali B, Khosroshahi EM, Asadi S, Tabrizian P, Entezari M, Hashemi M, Wan R. Unraveling the molecular and immunological landscape: Exploring signaling pathways in osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116954. [PMID: 38906027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by compromised bone density and microarchitecture, represents a significant global health challenge, particularly in aging populations. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, providing valuable insights into the pivotal role of signal transduction in maintaining bone homeostasis. The exploration encompasses cellular signaling pathways such as Wnt, Notch, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and TGF-β, all of which play crucial roles in bone remodeling. The dysregulation of these pathways is a contributing factor to osteoporosis, necessitating a profound understanding of their complexities to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying bone loss. The review highlights the pathological significance of disrupted signaling in osteoporosis, emphasizing how these deviations impact the functionality of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, ultimately resulting in heightened bone resorption and compromised bone formation. A nuanced analysis of the intricate crosstalk between these pathways is provided to underscore their relevance in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. Furthermore, the study addresses some of the most crucial long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with osteoporosis, adding an additional layer of academic depth to the exploration of immune system involvement in various types of osteoporosis. Finally, we propose that SKP1 can serve as a potential biomarker in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Nakhaei Amroodi
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, department of orthopedic, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mazaher Maghsoudloo
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shayan Amiri
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, department of orthopedic, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parnaz Mohseni
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Pourmarjani
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behdokht Jamali
- Department of microbiology and genetics, kherad Institute of higher education, Busheher, lran
| | - Elaheh Mohandesi Khosroshahi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Asadi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Tabrizian
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, department of orthopedic, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Runlan Wan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Targeting Agents in Biomaterial-Mediated Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032007. [PMID: 36768328 PMCID: PMC9916506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases are a global public concern that affect millions of people. Even though current treatments present high efficacy, they also show several side effects. In this sense, the development of biocompatible nanoparticles and macroscopic scaffolds has been shown to improve bone regeneration while diminishing side effects. In this review, we present a new trend in these materials, reporting several examples of materials that specifically recognize several agents of the bone microenvironment. Briefly, we provide a subtle introduction to the bone microenvironment. Then, the different targeting agents are exposed. Afterward, several examples of nanoparticles and scaffolds modified with these agents are shown. Finally, we provide some future perspectives and conclusions. Overall, this topic presents high potential to create promising translational strategies for the treatment of bone-related diseases. We expect this review to provide a comprehensive description of the incipient state-of-the-art of bone-targeting agents in bone regeneration.
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Irisin Has a Protective Role against Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5570229. [PMID: 33997010 PMCID: PMC8096550 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5570229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The reduction in estrogen levels results in a decrease in bone density at menopause. Irisin is a myokine that modulates the benefits of exercise, which may include bone health. This study was planned to examine irisin's impact in preventing osteoporosis after ovariectomy. 4 groups of female albino rats (10 rats/group): control, sham-operated, ovariectomized (OVX-control), and OVX-irisin-treated. Serum levels of bone markers [osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), calcium (Ca++), phosphorus (P)], glucose, and insulin were being measured. Body mass index, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), dry and ash femur weight, and bone contents of Ca++ and P were investigated. The femur was examined histopathologically. The OVX-control group showed an increase in serum levels of OC, BALP, TRAP, calcium, phosphorus, BMI, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR (P < 0.05) and a reduction in dry and ash weight of the femur, the concentration of calcium and phosphorus content in bone ash (P < 0.05). The OVX-irisin-treated group exhibited a decrease in serum levels of OC, BALP and TRAP, calcium, phosphorus, BMI, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR (P < 0.05), and a rise in dry and ash weight of the femur, the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in bone ash (P < 0.05). Histological examination of the distal femur diaphysis of the OVX-irisin-treated group exhibited proper bone architecture and density compared with that of the OVX-control group. It is concluded that irisin treatment in the OVX rats safeguarded the regular bone architecture and normal levels of serum bone biomarkers. Irisin may be a possible novel target in the prohibition of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Mendoza L, Franck T, Lejeune JP, Caudron I, Detilleux J, Deliège B, Serteyn D. Is Sclerostin Glycoprotein a Suitable Biomarker for Equine Osteochondrosis? J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 64:27-33. [PMID: 30973148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondrosis (OC) disease appears to be multifactorial in origin, including skeletal growth rates, nutrition, endocrinological factors, exercise, biomechanics, and other environmental factors. Endocrinological and metabolic factors seem to have an important role in the pathogeny of OC like the Wnt signaling pathway. One of the regulators in the Wnt signaling pathway is the sclerostin glycoprotein. The aim of this study was to investigate the sclerostin blood concentration according to the evolution of the disease, the environment, and the age but also its use as a possible biomarker for OC disease. Relation between age and sclerostin concentrations was calculated by a linear regression. A relation was found between age and sclerostin concentrations, but also a significant relation between age and the sclerostin concentrations was observed for two subgroups (OC affected and healthy). Evolution of the disease related to the sclerostin concentration was assessed with two logistic regressions (risk of developing OC and recovery of existing lesions), but not any significance was found. In conclusion, these results show that, despite the possible link of sclerostin with the OC pathogenesis through the Wnt pathway, circulating levels of this glycoprotein shall not be used as a biomarker for the disease. Besides, more studies are needed to fully understand the functions of sclerostin in the equine specie since it may play an important role in bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mendoza
- Anesthésiologie générale et pathologie chirurgicale des grands animaux. University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Equine Research and Development Center, Mont-le-Soie, Belgium.
| | - Thierry Franck
- Centre for Oxygen Research and Development-CORD, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Philippe Lejeune
- Anesthésiologie générale et pathologie chirurgicale des grands animaux. University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Equine Research and Development Center, Mont-le-Soie, Belgium
| | | | - Johann Detilleux
- Anesthésiologie générale et pathologie chirurgicale des grands animaux. University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Didier Serteyn
- Anesthésiologie générale et pathologie chirurgicale des grands animaux. University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Equine Research and Development Center, Mont-le-Soie, Belgium
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Nik Mohd Hatta NNK, Lokman M, Said N M, Daud A, Ibrahim M, Sharifudin MA, Deraman S. Fracture risk prediction in post-menopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis: preliminary findings. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1130-8621(18)30074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Peng Z, Miyanji EH, Zhou Y, Pardo J, Hettiarachchi SD, Li S, Blackwelder PL, Skromne I, Leblanc RM. Carbon dots: promising biomaterials for bone-specific imaging and drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17533-17543. [PMID: 29110000 PMCID: PMC5691292 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05731h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bone-related diseases and dysfunctions are heavy burdens on our increasingly aged society. One important strategy to relieve this problem is through early detection and treatment of bone-related diseases. Towards this goal, there has been constant interest in developing novel bone-specific materials for imaging and drug delivery. Currently, however, materials that have high affinity and specificity towards bone are very limited. Carbon dots (C-dots) synthesized from carbon nanopowder bind to calcified bones in vivo with high affinity and specificity. In this study we show that bone binding is highly unique to a specific type of C-dot, and that this binding is non-toxic. Significantly, C-dots derived from other raw materials did not show any bone binding properties. These differences are attributed to the differences in surface chemistry of C-dot preparations, highlighting the heterogeneous nature of C-dots. Importantly, bone-binding by carbon nanopowder derived C-dots is not significantly altered by chemical functionalization of their surface. These unique properties indicate the potential applications of carbon nanopowder-derived C-dots as highly bone-specific bioimaging agents and drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Peng
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
| | - Esmail H. Miyanji
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
| | - Joel Pardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
| | - Sajini D. Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
| | - Shanghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
- MP Biomedicals, 3 Hutton Center Dr. #100, Santa Ana, CA 92707, United States
| | - Patricia L. Blackwelder
- Center for Advanced Microscopy and Marine Geosciences, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
- Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, 8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania, Florida, 33004, United States
| | - Isaac Skromne
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
- Departmnt of Biology, University of Richmond, 28 Westhampton Way, Richmond, Virginia, 23173, United States
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
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Lama A, Santoro A, Corrado B, Pirozzi C, Paciello O, Pagano TB, Russo S, Calignano A, Mattace Raso G, Meli R. Extracorporeal shock waves alone or combined with raloxifene promote bone formation and suppress resorption in ovariectomized rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171276. [PMID: 28158228 PMCID: PMC5291474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic skeletal disease characterized by an imbalance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. We examined the beneficial effect of shock waves (SW) alone or in combination with raloxifene (RAL) on bone loss in ovariectomized rats (OVX). Sixteen weeks after surgery, OVX were treated for five weeks with SW at the antero-lateral side of the right hind leg, one session weekly, at 3 Hz (EFD of 0.33 mJ/mm2), or with RAL (5 mg/kg/die, per os) or with SW+RAL. Sera, femurs, tibiae and vertebrae were sampled for following biochemical and histological analysis. SW, alone or combined with RAL, prevented femur weight reduction and the deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture both in femur and vertebrae. All treatments increased Speed of Sound (SoS) values, improving bone mineral density, altered by OVX. Serum parameters involved in bone remodeling (alkaline phosphatase, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, osteoprotegerin) and osteoblast proliferation (PTH), altered by ovariectomy, were restored by SW and RAL alone or in combination. In tibiae, SW+RAL significantly reduced cathepsin k and TNF-α levels, indicating the inhibition of osteoclast activity, while all treatments significantly increased runt-related transcription factor 2 and bone morphogenetic-2 expression, suggesting an increase in osteoblastogenic activity. Finally, in bone marrow from tibiae, SW or RAL reduced PPARγ and adiponectin transcription, indicating a shift of mesenchymal cells toward osteoblastogenesis, without showing a synergistic effect. Our data indicate SW therapy, alone and in combination with raloxifene, as an innovative strategy to limit the hypoestrogenic bone loss, restoring the balance between bone formation and resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Bruno Corrado
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Bruna Pagano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Russo
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Jakob F, Genest F, Baron G, Stumpf U, Rudert M, Seefried L. [Regulation of bone metabolism in osteoporosis : novel drugs for osteoporosis in development]. Unfallchirurg 2016; 118:925-32. [PMID: 26471379 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-015-0085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone is continuously regenerated and remodeled as an adaptation to mechanical load. Bone mass and fracture resistance are maintained by a balanced equilibrium between bone formation and bone resorption. Regeneration and response to mechanical load are, however, impaired in osteoporosis and during aging. Bone resorption is enhanced by chronic inflammation while bone formation is altered by rising levels of inhibitors in the aging organism. Core molecular principles of the regulation of bone metabolism in health and disease have been characterized and developed as therapeutic targets. The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoclast-derived protease cathepsin K are important regulators and effectors of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Bone formation is stimulated by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and via the parathyroid hormone receptor and the Wnt signaling pathway. The principles of osteoclast inhibition using bisphosphonates have now been known for almost three decades. Based on more recent knowledge RANKL and cathepsin K have been developed as new therapeutic targets to inhibit bone resorption. While denosumab, a RANKL antibody, has already been introduced into routine treatment strategies, the cathepsin K antagonist odanacatib is currently in the licensing process. Bone formation can also be stimulated by local administration of BMPs, by systemic treatment with the parathyroid hormone fragment teriparatide and by using antibodies targeting the Wnt inhibitor sclerostin. The latter are presently being tested in phase III clinical studies. In the near future a panel of traditional and novel treatment strategies will be available that will enable us to meet the individual clinical needs during aging and for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jakob
- Experimentelle und Klinische Osteologie, Orthopädie und Orthopädische Klinik König-Ludwig-Haus, Universität Würzburg, Brettreichstraße 11, 97074, Würzburg, Deutschland.
| | - F Genest
- Experimentelle und Klinische Osteologie, Orthopädie und Orthopädische Klinik König-Ludwig-Haus, Universität Würzburg, Brettreichstraße 11, 97074, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - G Baron
- Experimentelle und Klinische Osteologie, Orthopädie und Orthopädische Klinik König-Ludwig-Haus, Universität Würzburg, Brettreichstraße 11, 97074, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - U Stumpf
- Osteologisches Schwerpunktzentrum, Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Nußbaumstr. 20, 80336, München, Deutschland
| | - M Rudert
- Experimentelle und Klinische Osteologie, Orthopädie und Orthopädische Klinik König-Ludwig-Haus, Universität Würzburg, Brettreichstraße 11, 97074, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - L Seefried
- Experimentelle und Klinische Osteologie, Orthopädie und Orthopädische Klinik König-Ludwig-Haus, Universität Würzburg, Brettreichstraße 11, 97074, Würzburg, Deutschland
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Li S, Skromne I, Peng Z, Dallman J, Al-Youbi AO, Bashammakh AS, El-Shahawi MS, Leblanc RM. "Dark" carbon dots specifically "light-up" calcified zebrafish bones. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:7398-7405. [PMID: 32263740 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02241c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Because accidents, disease and aging compromise the structural and physiological functions of bones, the development of an in vivo bone imaging test is critical to identify, detect and diagnose bone related development and dysfunctions. Recent advances in fluorescence instrumentation offer a new alternative for traditional bone imaging methods. However, the development of new in vivo bone imaging fluorescence materials has significantly lagged behind. Here we show that carbon dot nanoparticles (C-dots) with low quantum yield ("dark") bind to calcified bone structures of live zebrafish larvae with high affinity and selectivity. Binding resulted in a strong enhancement of luminescence that was not observed in other tissues, including non-calcified endochondral elements. Retention of C-dots by bones was very stable, long lasting, and with no detectable toxicity. Furthermore, we found C-dots to be a suitable carrier to deliver fluorescein to bones. These observations support a novel and revolutionary use of C-dots as highly specific bioagents for bone imaging and diagnosis, and as bone-specific drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA.
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10
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Yu X, Ye C, Xiang L. Application of artificial neural network in the diagnostic system of osteoporosis. Neurocomputing 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Papapoulos SE. From disease to treatment: from rare skeletal disorders to treatments for osteoporosis. Endocrine 2016; 52:414-26. [PMID: 26892377 PMCID: PMC4879160 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the past 15 years there has been an expansion of our knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating bone remodeling that identified new signaling pathways fundamental for bone renewal as well as previously unknown interactions between bone cells. Central for these developments have been studies of rare bone disorders. These findings, in turn, have led to new treatment paradigms for osteoporosis some of which are at late stages of clinical development. In this article, we review three rare skeletal disorders with case descriptions, pycnodysostosis and the craniotubular hyperostoses sclerosteosis and van Buchem disease that led to the development of cathepsin K and sclerostin inhibitors, respectively, for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Appelman-Dijkstra
- Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Socrates E Papapoulos
- Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Teotia AK, Gupta A, Raina DB, Lidgren L, Kumar A. Gelatin-Modified Bone Substitute with Bioactive Molecules Enhance Cellular Interactions and Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10775-10787. [PMID: 27077816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have synthesized injectable bone cement incorporated with gelatin to enhance cellular interaction. Human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells derived bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP's) and a bisphosphonate (zoledronic acid (0.2 mM)) were also incorporated to cement. In vitro studies conducted using Saos-2 demonstrated enhanced cell proliferation on gelatin (0.2%w/v) cement. The differentiation of C2C12 mouse myoblast cells into bone forming cells showed 6-fold increase in ALP levels on gelatin cement. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bone biomarkers showed osteoinductive potential of gelatin cement. We investigated efficacy for local delivery of these bioactive molecules in enhancing bone substitution qualities of bone cements by implanting in 3.5 mm critical size defect in tibial metaphysis of wistar rats. The rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks and 16 weeks post implantation. X-ray, micro-CT, histology, and histomorphometry analysis were performed to check bone healing. The cement materials slowly resorbed from the defect site leaving HAP creating porous matrix providing surface for bone formation. The materials showed high biocompatibility and initial bridging was observed in all the animals but maximum bone formation was observed in animals implanted with cement incorporated with zoledronic acid followed by cement with BMP's compared to other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Teotia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Deepak Bushan Raina
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University , Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Lars Lidgren
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University , Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
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13
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An evaluation of the effect of pulsed wave low-level laser therapy on the biomechanical properties of the vertebral body in two experimental osteoporosis rat models. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 31:305-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Makras P, Delaroudis S, Anastasilakis AD. Novel therapies for osteoporosis. Metabolism 2015; 64:1199-214. [PMID: 26277199 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of osteoporosis as a major health issue in aging populations and the subsequent development of the first treatment modalities for its management, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanisms controlling bone turnover and disease pathophysiology, thus enabling the pinpointing of new targets for intervention. This progress, along with advances in biotechnology, has rendered possible the development of ever more sophisticated treatments employing novel mechanisms of action. Denosumab, a monoclonal antibody against RANKL, approved for the treatment of postmenopausal and male osteoporosis, significantly and continuously increases bone mineral density (BMD) and maintains a low risk of vertebral, non-vertebral, and hip fractures for up to 8 years. Currently available combinations of estrogens with selective estrogen receptor modulators moderately increase BMD without causing the extra-skeletal adverse effects of each compound alone. The cathepsin K inhibitor odanacatib has recently been shown to decrease vertebral, non-vertebral, and hip fracture rates and is nearing approval. Romosozumab, an anti-sclerosin antibody, and abaloparatide, a PTH-related peptide analog, are at present in advanced stages of clinical evaluation, so far demonstrating efficaciousness together with a favorable safety profile. Several other agents are currently in earlier clinical and preclinical phases of development, including dickkopf-1 antagonists, activin A antagonists, β-arrestin analogs, calcilytics, and Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyzois Makras
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 251 Hellenic Air Force & VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sideris Delaroudis
- Department of Endocrinology, 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Bone biology, signaling pathways, and therapeutic targets for osteoporosis. Maturitas 2015; 82:245-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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16
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Wang ZX, Chen C, Zhou Q, Wang XS, Zhou G, Liu W, Zhang ZY, Cao Y, Zhang WJ. The Treatment Efficacy of Bone Tissue Engineering Strategy for Repairing Segmental Bone Defects Under Osteoporotic Conditions. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2346-55. [PMID: 26066049 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xing Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Song Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Jie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
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Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Papapoulos SE. Modulating Bone Resorption and Bone Formation in Opposite Directions in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Drugs 2015; 75:1049-58. [PMID: 26056029 PMCID: PMC4498277 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling, the fundamental process for bone renewal, is targeted by treatments of osteoporosis to correct the imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation and reduce the risk of fractures and associated clinical consequences. Currently available therapeutics affect bone resorption and bone formation in the same direction and either decrease (inhibitors of bone resorption) or increase (parathyroid hormone [PTH] peptides) bone remodeling. Studies of patients with rare bone diseases and genetically modified animal models demonstrated that bone resorption and bone formation may not necessarily be coupled, leading to identification of molecular targets in bone cells for the development of novel agents for the treatment of osteoporosis. Application of such agents to the treatment of women with low bone mass confirmed that bone resorption and bone formation can be modulated in different directions and so far two new classes of therapeutics for osteoporosis have been defined with distinct mechanisms of action. Such treatments, if combined with a favorable safety profile, will offer new therapeutic options and will improve the management of patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Socrates E. Papapoulos
- Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Zhang L, Liu Z, Wang J, Feng X, Yang J, Tao Y, Zhang S. Unipedicular versus bipedicular percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a prospective randomized study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:145. [PMID: 26071690 PMCID: PMC4465457 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) typically involves conventional lower-viscosity cement injection via bipedicular approach. Limited evidence is available comparing the clinical outcomes and complications in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) with PVP using high-viscosity cement through unipedicular or bipedicular approach. Methods and design Fifty patients with OVCFs were randomly allocated into two groups adopting unipedicular or bipedicular PVP. The efficacy of unipedicular and bipedicular PVP was assessed by comparing operation time, X-ray exposure time, incidence of complications, vertebral height restoration, and improvement of the visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) General Health Survey scores. Results The mean operative and exposure time to X-rays in the unipedicular PVP group was less than that of the bipedicular group (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the VAS score, ODI score, SF-36 score, cement leakage rate or vertebral height restoration between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Unipedicular and bipedicular PVP are safe and effective treatments for OVCF. Compared with bipedicular PVP, unipedicular PVP entails a shorter surgical time and lower X-ray irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei Peoples Hospital of Jiangsu Province, No.98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei Peoples Hospital of Jiangsu Province, No.98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
| | - Xinmin Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei Peoples Hospital of Jiangsu Province, No.98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
| | - Jiandong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei Peoples Hospital of Jiangsu Province, No.98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
| | - Yuping Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei Peoples Hospital of Jiangsu Province, No.98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
| | - Shengfei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei Peoples Hospital of Jiangsu Province, No.98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
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Henriksen K, Thudium CS, Christiansen C, Karsdal MA. Novel targets for the prevention of osteoporosis - lessons learned from studies of metabolic bone disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1575-84. [PMID: 25960169 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1045415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a major health care problem, and whereas efficacious treatments for vertebral fracture reduction are available for osteoporosis patients, these therapies are still limited with respect to capacity for restoration of bone loss, as well as efficacy on non-vertebral fractures, such as hip fractures, which are the source of morbidity and mortality. AREAS COVERED Studies of rare bone diseases in humans, such as osteopetrosis, sclerosteosis, pycnodysostosis and more, have shed light on a series of drug targets in bone that have the potential to result in therapies for osteoporosis with novel mechanisms of action, and the potential to improve the standard of care substantially. We focus on how they are separated from classic treatments for osteoporosis, in terms of novel modes of action, additional beneficial effects on bone turnover and importantly also safety. We focus on the status of anti-sclerostin antibodies, novel parathyroid hormone-related protein analogs, inhibitors of cathepsin K and ClC-7 in osteoclasts, all of which are currently in development. EXPERT OPINION There is a good possibility that the treatment of osteoporosis will be greatly improved within the coming years; however, with numerous effective and safe drugs already available careful attention to the safety of these novel candidates is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Henriksen
- a Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research , Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christian Schneider Thudium
- a Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research , Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Claus Christiansen
- a Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research , Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Asser Karsdal
- a Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research , Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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