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Rafiq S, Purdon TJ, Daniyan AF, Koneru M, Dao T, Liu C, Scheinberg DA, Brentjens RJ. Optimized T-cell receptor-mimic chimeric antigen receptor T cells directed toward the intracellular Wilms Tumor 1 antigen. Leukemia 2017; 31:1788-1797. [PMID: 27924074 PMCID: PMC5495623 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are clinically effective in a limited set of leukemia patients. However, CAR T-cell therapy thus far has been largely restricted to targeting extracellular tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Herein, we report a T-cell receptor-mimic (TCRm) CAR, termed WT1-28z, that is reactive to a peptide portion of the intracellular onco-protein Wilms Tumor 1(WT1), as it is expressed on the surface of the tumor cell in the context of HLA-A*02:01. T cells modified to express WT1-28z specifically targeted and lysed HLA-A*02:01+ WT1+ tumors and enhanced survival of mice engrafted with HLA-A*02:01+, WT1+ leukemia or ovarian tumors. This in vivo functional validation of TCRm CAR T cells provides the proof-of-concept necessary to expand the range of TAA that can be effectively targeted for immunotherapy to include attractive intracellular targets, and may hold great potential to expand on the success of CAR T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rafiq
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - TJ Purdon
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - AF Daniyan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Koneru
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - T Dao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Liu
- Eureka Therapeutics, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - DA Scheinberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - RJ Brentjens
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Veomett N, Dao T, Liu H, Xiang J, Pankov D, Dubrovsky L, Whitten JA, Park SM, Korontsvit T, Zakhaleva V, Casey E, Curcio M, Kharas MG, O'Reilly RJ, Liu C, Scheinberg DA. Therapeutic efficacy of an Fc-enhanced TCR-like antibody to the intracellular WT1 oncoprotein. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:4036-46. [PMID: 24850840 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE RMFPNAPYL (RMF), a Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1)-derived CD8 T-cell epitope presented by HLA-A*02:01, is a validated target for T-cell-based immunotherapy. We previously reported ESK1, a high avidity (Kd < 0.2 nmol/L), fully-human monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for the WT1 RMF peptide/HLA-A*02:01 complex, which selectively bound and killed WT1(+) and HLA-A*02:01(+) leukemia and solid tumor cell lines. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We engineered a second-generation mAb, ESKM, to have enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) function due to altered Fc glycosylation. ESKM was compared with native ESK1 in binding assays, in vitro ADCC assays, and mesothelioma and leukemia therapeutic models and pharmacokinetic studies in mice. ESKM toxicity was assessed in HLA-A*02:01(+) transgenic mice. RESULTS ESK antibodies mediated ADCC against hematopoietic and solid tumor cells at concentrations below 1 μg/mL, but ESKM was about 5- to 10-fold more potent in vitro against multiple cancer cell lines. ESKM was more potent in vivo against JMN mesothelioma, and effective against SET2 AML and fresh ALL xenografts. ESKM had a shortened half-life (4.9 days vs. 6.5 days), but an identical biodistribution pattern in C57BL/6J mice. At therapeutic doses of ESKM, there was no difference in half-life or biodistribution in HLA-A*02:01(+) transgenic mice compared with the parent strain. Importantly, therapeutic doses of ESKM in these mice caused no depletion of total WBCs or hematopoetic stem cells, or pathologic tissue damage. CONCLUSIONS The data provide proof of concept that an Fc-enhanced mAb can improve efficacy against a low-density, tumor-specific, peptide/MHC target, and support further development of this mAb against an important intracellular oncogenic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Veomett
- Sloan Kettering Institute; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Hong Liu
- Eureka Therapeutics Inc., Emeryville, California; and
| | - Jingyi Xiang
- Eureka Therapeutics Inc., Emeryville, California; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheng Liu
- Eureka Therapeutics Inc., Emeryville, California; and
| | - David A Scheinberg
- Sloan Kettering Institute; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York;
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Schiller GJ, O'Brien SM, Pigneux A, DeAngelo DJ, Vey N, Kell J, Solomon S, Stuart RK, Karsten V, Cahill AL, Albitar MX, Giles FJ. Single-Agent Laromustine, A Novel Alkylating Agent, Has Significant Activity in Older Patients With Previously Untreated Poor-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:815-21. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.24.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose An international phase II study of laromustine (VNP40101M), a sulfonylhydrazine alkylating agent, was conducted in patients age 60 years or older with previously untreated poor-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients and Methods Laromustine 600 mg/m2 was administered as a single 60-minute intravenous infusion. Patients were age 70 years or older or 60 years or older with at least one additional risk factor—unfavorable AML karyotype, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 2, and/or cardiac, pulmonary, or hepatic comorbidities. Results Eighty-five patients (median age, 72 years; range, 60 to 87 years) were treated. Poor-risk features included age 70 years or older, 78%; adverse karyotype, 47%; PS of 2, 41%; pulmonary disease, 77%; cardiac disease, 73%; and hepatic disease, 3%. Ninety-six percent of patients had at least two risk factors, and 39% had at least four risk factors. The overall response rate (ORR) was 32%, with 20 patients (23%) achieving complete response (CR) and seven (8%) achieving CR with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp). ORR was 20% in patients with adverse cytogenetics; 32% in those age 70 years or older; 32% in those with PS of 2; 32% in patients with baseline pulmonary dysfunction; 34% in patients with baseline cardiac dysfunction; and 27% in 33 patients with at least four risk factors. Twelve (14%) patients died within 30 days of receiving laromustine therapy. Median overall survival was 3.2 months, with a 1-year survival of 21%; the median duration of survival for those who achieved CR/CRp was 12.4 months, with a 1-year survival of 52%. Conclusion Laromustine has significant single-agent activity in elderly patients with poor-risk AML. Adverse events are predominantly myelosuppressive or respiratory. Response rates are consistent across a spectrum of poor-risk features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J. Schiller
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles; Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA; The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Cancer Therapy and Research Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Northside Hospital
| | - Susan M. O'Brien
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles; Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA; The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Cancer Therapy and Research Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Northside Hospital
| | - Arnaud Pigneux
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles; Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA; The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Cancer Therapy and Research Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Northside Hospital
| | - Daniel J. DeAngelo
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles; Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA; The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Cancer Therapy and Research Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Northside Hospital
| | - Norbert Vey
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles; Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA; The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Cancer Therapy and Research Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Northside Hospital
| | - Jonathan Kell
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles; Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA; The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Cancer Therapy and Research Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Northside Hospital
| | - Scott Solomon
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles; Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA; The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Cancer Therapy and Research Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Northside Hospital
| | - Robert K. Stuart
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles; Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA; The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Cancer Therapy and Research Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Northside Hospital
| | - Verena Karsten
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles; Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA; The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Cancer Therapy and Research Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Northside Hospital
| | - Ann L. Cahill
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles; Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA; The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Cancer Therapy and Research Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Northside Hospital
| | - Maher X. Albitar
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles; Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA; The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Cancer Therapy and Research Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Northside Hospital
| | - Francis J. Giles
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles; Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA; The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Cancer Therapy and Research Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Hopital Haut Leveque, Bordeaux; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Northside Hospital
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