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Chatzikonstantinou AV, Chatziathanasiadou MV, Ravera E, Fragai M, Parigi G, Gerothanassis IP, Luchinat C, Stamatis H, Tzakos AG. Enriching the biological space of natural products and charting drug metabolites, through real time biotransformation monitoring: The NMR tube bioreactor. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1862:1-8. [PMID: 28974426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products offer a wide range of biological activities, but they are not easily integrated in the drug discovery pipeline, because of their inherent scaffold intricacy and the associated complexity in their synthetic chemistry. Enzymes may be used to perform regioselective and stereoselective incorporation of functional groups in the natural product core, avoiding harsh reaction conditions, several protection/deprotection and purification steps. METHODS Herein, we developed a three step protocol carried out inside an NMR-tube. 1st-step: STD-NMR was used to predict the: i) capacity of natural products as enzyme substrates and ii) possible regioselectivity of the biotransformations. 2nd-step: The real-time formation of multiple-biotransformation products in the NMR-tube bioreactor was monitored in-situ. 3rd-step: STD-NMR was applied in the mixture of the biotransformed products to screen ligands for protein targets. RESULTS Herein, we developed a simple and time-effective process, the "NMR-tube bioreactor", that is able to: (i) predict which component of a mixture of natural products can be enzymatically transformed, (ii) monitor in situ the transformation efficacy and regioselectivity in crude extracts and multiple substrate biotransformations without fractionation and (iii) simultaneously screen for interactions of the biotransformation products with pharmaceutical protein targets. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a green, time-, and cost-effective process that provide a simple route from natural products to lead compounds for drug discovery. GENERAL SIGNIFICANSE This process can speed up the most crucial steps in the early drug discovery process, and reduce the chemical manipulations usually involved in the pipeline, improving the environmental compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Chatzikonstantinou
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria V Chatziathanasiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance in MetalloProteins (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance in MetalloProteins (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance in MetalloProteins (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ioannis P Gerothanassis
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance in MetalloProteins (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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Wu X, Yang C, Ge J. Green synthesis of enzyme/metal-organic framework composites with high stability in protein denaturing solvents. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2017; 4:24. [PMID: 28596935 PMCID: PMC5438438 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-017-0154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enzyme/metal-organic framework composites with high stability in protein denaturing solvents were reported in this study. RESULTS Encapsulation of enzyme in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) via co-precipitation process was realized, and the generality of the synthesis was validated by using cytochrome c, horseradish peroxidase, and Candida antarctica lipase B as model enzymes. The stability of encapsulated enzyme was greatly increased after immobilization on MOFs. Remarkably, when exposed to protein denaturing solvents including dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, methanol, and ethanol, the enzyme/MOF composites still preserved almost 100% of activity. In contrast, free enzymes retained no more than 20% of their original activities at the same condition. This study shows the extraordinary protecting effect of MOF shell on increasing enzyme stability at extremely harsh conditions. CONCLUSION The enzyme immobilized in MOF exhibited enhanced thermal stability and high tolerance towards protein denaturing organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wu
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jun Ge
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
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Luginbühl S, Iwasaki F, Chirackal Varkey E, Umakoshi H, Walde P. A Novel Role of Vesicles as Templates for the Oxidation and Oligomerization of p-Aminodiphenylamine by Cytochrome c. Helv Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201700027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Luginbühl
- Polymer Chemistry Group; Department of Materials (D-MATL); ETH Zürich; Vladimir Prelog-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich
| | - Fumihiko Iwasaki
- Polymer Chemistry Group; Department of Materials (D-MATL); ETH Zürich; Vladimir Prelog-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich
- Bio-Inspired Chemical Engineering Lab; Division of Chemical Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyamacho Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Elizabeth Chirackal Varkey
- Polymer Chemistry Group; Department of Materials (D-MATL); ETH Zürich; Vladimir Prelog-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich
| | - Hiroshi Umakoshi
- Bio-Inspired Chemical Engineering Lab; Division of Chemical Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyamacho Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Peter Walde
- Polymer Chemistry Group; Department of Materials (D-MATL); ETH Zürich; Vladimir Prelog-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich
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Ma YJ, Yuan XZ, Xin-Peng, Hou-Wang, Huang HJ, Shan-Bao, Huan-Liu, Xiao ZH, Zeng GM. The pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and properties of anionic–nonionic mixed surfactant reverse micellar systems. J Mol Liq 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2014.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cui K, Yuan X, Sun T, Huang H, Peng X, Zhang Y, Zeng G, Fu L. Laccase behavior in the microenvironment of water core within a biosurfactant-based reversed micelles system rhamnolipid/n-hexanol/isooctane/water. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kailong Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University); Ministry of Education; Changsha 410082 PR China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University); Ministry of Education; Changsha 410082 PR China
| | - Ting Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University); Ministry of Education; Changsha 410082 PR China
| | - Huajun Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University); Ministry of Education; Changsha 410082 PR China
| | - Xin Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University); Ministry of Education; Changsha 410082 PR China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University); Ministry of Education; Changsha 410082 PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University); Ministry of Education; Changsha 410082 PR China
| | - Lihuan Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University); Ministry of Education; Changsha 410082 PR China
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Marques BS, Nucci NV, Dodevski I, Wang KWC, Athanasoula EA, Jorge C, Wand AJ. Measurement and control of pH in the aqueous interior of reverse micelles. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:2020-31. [PMID: 24506449 PMCID: PMC3983379 DOI: 10.1021/jp4103349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
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The
encapsulation of proteins and nucleic acids within the nanoscale
water core of reverse micelles has been used for over 3 decades as
a vehicle for a wide range of investigations including enzymology,
the physical chemistry of confined spaces, protein and nucleic acid
structural biology, and drug development and delivery. Unfortunately,
the static and dynamical aspects of the distribution of water in solutions
of reverse micelles complicate the measurement and interpretation
of fundamental parameters such as pH. This is a severe disadvantage
in the context of (bio)chemical reactions and protein structure and
function, which are generally highly sensitive to pH. There is a need
to more fully characterize and control the effective pH of the reverse
micelle water core. The buffering effect of titratable head groups
of the reverse micelle surfactants is found to often be the dominant
variable defining the pH of the water core. Methods for measuring
the pH of the reverse micelle aqueous interior using one-dimensional 1H and two-dimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy are described.
Strategies for setting the effective pH of the reverse micelle water
core are demonstrated. The exquisite sensitivity of encapsulated proteins
to the surfactant, water content, and pH of the reverse micelle is
also addressed. These results highlight the importance of assessing
the structural fidelity of the encapsulated protein using multidimensional
NMR before embarking upon a detailed structural and biophysical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan S Marques
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Johnson Research Foundation and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059, United States
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Patila M, Pavlidis IV, Diamanti EK, Katapodis P, Gournis D, Stamatis H. Enhancement of cytochrome c catalytic behaviour by affecting the heme environment using functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Maiti S, Das K, Dutta S, Das PK. Striking Improvement in Peroxidase Activity of Cytochrome c by Modulating Hydrophobicity of Surface-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles within Cationic Reverse Micelles. Chemistry 2012; 18:15021-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Debnath S, Das D, Dutta S, Das PK. Imidazolium bromide-based ionic liquid assisted improved activity of trypsin in cationic reverse micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:4080-4086. [PMID: 20143862 DOI: 10.1021/la9040419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) assisted enhancement in activity of water-pool solubilized enzyme trypsin in cationic reverse micelles of CTAB. A set of imidazolium ILs (1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromides) were prepared with varying lengths of their side arm which results in the differential location of these organic salts in the reverse micelles. The different ILs offered varied activating effects on the biocatalyst. The activity of trypsin improved approximately 30-300% in the presence of 0.1-10 mM of different ILs in reverse micelles of CTAB. Trypsin showed approximately 300% (4-fold) increment in its activity in the presence of IL 2 (1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide, EMIMBr) compared to that observed in the absence of IL in CTAB reverse micelles. The imidazolium moiety of the IL, resembling the histidine amino acid component of the catalytic triad of hydrolases and its Br(-) counterion, presumably increases the nucleophilicity of water in the vicinity of the enzyme by forming a hydrogen bond that facilitates the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the ester. However, the ILs with increasing amphiphilic character had little to no effect on the activity of trypsin due to their increased distance from the biocatalyst, as they tend to get localized toward the interfacial region of the aggregates. Dynamic light scattering experimentation was carried out in the presence of ILs to find a possible correlation between the trypsin activity and the size of the aggregates. In concurrence with the observed highest activity in the presence of IL 2, the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of trypsin in CTAB reverse micelles doped with IL 2 exhibited the lowest mean residue ellipticity (MRE), which is closest to that of the native protein in aqueous buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisir Debnath
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, India
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Farivar F, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Sefidbakht Y, Nazari K, Hong J, Sheibani N. Cytochrome c in sodium dodecyl sulfate reverse micelle nanocage: From a classic electron carrier protein to an artificial peroxidase enzyme. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Das D, Das PK. Superior activity of structurally deprived enzyme-carbon nanotube hybrids in cationic reverse micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:4421-4428. [PMID: 19245221 DOI: 10.1021/la803753g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we report the superior activity of hydrophobically adsorbed enzymes onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in the reverse micelles of cationic surfactants. Horseradish peroxidase and soybean peroxidase adsorbed onto SWNTs endure a notable loss in secondary structure and catalytic activity. This structurally and functionally deformed enzyme-SWNT when confined in CTAB reverse micelles showed approximately 7-9-fold enhancement in activity compared to that was in water and also importantly approximately 1500-3500 times higher activity than that of the enzymes in aqueous-organic biphasic mixtures. The activation observed for this nanobiocomposite is due to the (i) possible localization of enzyme-SWNT hybrid at the micellar interface; (ii) facile transport of substrates across the microscopic interface of reverse micelles; and (iii) greater local concentration of substrates at the augmented interfacial space in the presence of SWNT. This interfacial localization of the SWNT-protein hybrid was tested using FITC-tagged protein (BSA) by fluorescence spectroscopy. FTIR and CD spectroscopy established that the enzyme notably loses its native structure as it gets adsorbed onto the CNTs. However, this loss in the secondary structure is neither aggravated nor recovered when the enzyme-SWNT resides at the reverse micellar interface. So, localization of the surface-active peroxidase-CNT hybrids at the interface is the main reason for significant enzyme activation. The generality of the activation of the enzyme-CNT hybrid by reverse micelles was tested using amphiphiles with varying headgroup sizes, where an overall enhancement in activity was observed with an increase in headgroup size. Activation of this nanobiocomposite would find utmost importance in material science as the activity of structurally deprived enzyme in reverse micelles surpassed (approximately 1.7-fold) even the activity of the native enzyme in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Das
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, India
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Oshima T, Sato M, Shikaze Y, Ohto K, Inoue K, Baba Y. Enzymatic polymerization of o-phenylendiamine with cytochrome c activated by a calixarene derivative in organic media. Biochem Eng J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2006.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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