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Mehrdadi S. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles as Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Overcoming Poor Gastrointestinal Absorption and Enhancing Bioavailability of Peptide and Protein Therapeutics. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:48-66. [PMID: 38585451 PMCID: PMC10997935 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Delivery and formulation of oral peptide and protein therapeutics have always been a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. The oral bioavailability of peptide and protein therapeutics mainly relies on their gastrointestinal solubility and permeability which are affected by their poor membrane penetration, high molecular weight and proteolytic (chemical and enzymatic) degradation resulting in limited delivery and therapeutic efficacy. The present review article highlights the challenges and limitations of oral delivery of peptide and protein therapeutics focusing on the application, potential and importance of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDSs) and their advantages and drawbacks. LBDDSs, due to their lipid-based matrix can encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, and by reducing the first-pass effect and avoiding proteolytic degradation offer improved drug stability, dissolution rate, absorption, bioavailability and controlled drug release. Furthermore, their small size, high surface area and surface modification increase their mucosal adhesion, tissue-targeted distribution, physiological function and half-life. Properties such as simple preparation, high-scale manufacturing, biodegradability, biocompatibility, prolonged half-life, lower toxicity, lower adverse effects, lipid-based structure, higher drug encapsulation rate and various drug release profile compared to other similar carrier systems makes LBDDSs a promising drug delivery system (DDS). Nevertheless, undesired physicochemical features of peptide and protein drug development and discovery such as plasma stability, membrane permeability and circulation half-life remain a serious challenge which should be addressed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Mehrdadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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2
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Zhang Y, Pan W, Wang D, Wang H, Hou Y, Zou M, Piao H. Solid-in-oil nanodispersion as a novel topical transdermal delivery to enhance stability and skin permeation and retention of hydrophilic drugs l-ascorbic acid. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 185:82-93. [PMID: 36791884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
l-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, VC) is the most abundant antioxidant in human skin. But its poor penetration into the skin and unstability limit the application. The aim of the study was to promote the topical skin permeation and retention of VC, increase the stability as well as effectiveness by a novel solid in oil nanodispersion. In the nanodispersions system, nano-sized particles of hydrophilic molecules are dispersed in an oil vehicle with the assistance of hydrophobic surfactants. The optimized formula composed of O170 and S1570 (12.5:1, w/w) showed high EE% of 98% and good stability. FTIR analysis confirmed that there may be hydrogen bond between VC and surfactants. The results of DSC, and XRD revealed that the drug was successfully encapsulated in the surfactants, which maintained the stability of drug. By analyzing and fitting the release data in vitro, the drug release mechanism of SONDs was predicted as a multi-dynamic model. Skin permeation of VC was improved 3.43-fold for SONDs compared with VC aqueous solution, highlighting that the lipophilicity and nano size of the carrier more easily penetrated into the skin. Finally, the photoaging study revealed that topical application of VC-SONDs provided the highest skin protection compared UV and VC aqueous solution treated group which was evident by the normal thick epidermal morphology, no obvious melanocytes and the densely arranged dermal elastic fibers. These results demonstrated that the solid-in-oil nanodispersions may be a potential transdermal delivery system for hydrophilic bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenxiu Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dequan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanting Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Meijuan Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongyu Piao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Tahara Y, Mizuno R, Nishimura T, Mukai SA, Wakabayashi R, Kamiya N, Akiyoshi K, Goto M. A solid-in-oil-in-water emulsion: An adjuvant-based immune-carrier enhances vaccine effect. Biomaterials 2022; 282:121385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hou Y, Piao H, Tahara Y, Qin S, Wang J, Kong Q, Zou M, Cheng G, Goto M. Solid-in-oil nanodispersions as a novel delivery system to improve the oral bioavailability of bisphosphate, risedronate sodium. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 155:105521. [PMID: 32822808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to modify the oral absorption of risedronate sodium (RS) using solid-in-oil nanodispersions (SONDs) technology. The oral therapeutic effect of RS is limited in vivo because of its low membrane permeability and the formation of insoluble precipitates with bivalent cations (such as Ca2+) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.We used SONDs to prepare medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)-based nanodispersions of the hydrophilic drug, which used the oral absorption mechanism of MCT digestion to improve bioavailability of RS in vivo. SONDs exhibited high encapsulation efficiency of RS and excellent enzymatic degradation-dependent release behavior. The result of an everted gut sac test showed that the Papp value of the SONDs was 6.29-fold (p<0.05) higher than that of RS aqueous solutions in simulated intestinal fluid containing 5 mM Ca2+, this was because MCT can be digested to form the fatty acids C8 and C10, which have an adsorption-promoting effect on RS. Further, solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) emulsion droplets formedafter emulsification by bile salts and MCT digestionwere effective in disrupting epithelial tight junctions (TJs), facilitating the paracellular permeation of RS throughout the intestine. Moreover, in vivo absorption study in rats revealed that the AUC0-12h of RS in SONDs was approximately 4.56-fold (p<0.05) higher than with RS aqueous solutions at the same dose (15 mg/kg). This approach demonstrates a potential drug delivery system to improve the bioavailability of risedronate sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Hongyu Piao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Yoshiro Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Shouhong Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Qingliang Kong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Meijuan Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan; Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery System Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan; Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan.
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Villanueva-Martínez A, Hernández-Rizo L, Ganem-Rondero A. Evaluating two nanocarrier systems for the transdermal delivery of sodium alendronate. Int J Pharm 2020; 582:119312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Dalvadi H, Patel N, Parmar K. Systematic development of design of experiments (DoE) optimised self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of Zotepine. J Microencapsul 2017; 34:308-318. [PMID: 28452252 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2017.1324920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present investigation is to improve dissolution rate of poor soluble drug Zotepine by a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). Ternary phase diagram with oil (Oleic acid), surfactant (Tween 80) and co-surfactant (PEG 400) at apex were used to identify the efficient self-microemulsifying region. Box-Behnken design was implemented to study the influence of independent variables. Principal Component Analysis was used for scrutinising critical variables. The liquid SMEDDS were characterised for macroscopic evaluation, % Transmission, emulsification time and in vitro drug release studies. Optimised formulation OL1 was converted in to S-SMEDDS by using Aerosil® 200 as an adsorbent in the ratio of 3:1. The S-SMEDDS was characterised by SEM, DSC, globule size (152.1 nm), zeta-potential (-28.1 mV), % transmission study (98.75%), in vitro release (86.57%) at 30 min. The optimised solid SMEDDS formulation showed faster drug release properties as compared to conventional tablet of Zotepine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Dalvadi
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ROFEL, Shri G M Bilakhia College of Pharmacy , Gujarat , India
| | - Nikita Patel
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ROFEL, Shri G M Bilakhia College of Pharmacy , Gujarat , India
| | - Komal Parmar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ROFEL, Shri G M Bilakhia College of Pharmacy , Gujarat , India
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Maher S, Mrsny RJ, Brayden DJ. Intestinal permeation enhancers for oral peptide delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:277-319. [PMID: 27320643 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal permeation enhancers (PEs) are one of the most widely tested strategies to improve oral delivery of therapeutic peptides. This article assesses the intestinal permeation enhancement action of over 250 PEs that have been tested in intestinal delivery models. In depth analysis of pre-clinical data is presented for PEs as components of proprietary delivery systems that have progressed to clinical trials. Given the importance of co-presentation of sufficiently high concentrations of PE and peptide at the small intestinal epithelium, there is an emphasis on studies where PEs have been formulated with poorly permeable molecules in solid dosage forms and lipoidal dispersions.
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Kitaoka M, Wakabayashi R, Kamiya N, Goto M. Solid-in-oil nanodispersions for transdermal drug delivery systems. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1375-1385. [PMID: 27529824 PMCID: PMC5132072 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal administration of drugs has advantages over conventional oral administration or administration using injection equipment. The route of administration reduces the opportunity for drug evacuation before systemic circulation, and enables long-lasting drug administration at a modest body concentration. In addition, the skin is an attractive route for vaccination, because there are many immune cells in the skin. Recently, solid-in-oil nanodisperison (S/O) technique has demonstrated to deliver cosmetic and pharmaceutical bioactives efficiently through the skin. S/O nanodispersions are nanosized drug carriers designed to overcome the skin barrier. This review discusses the rationale for preparation of efficient and stable S/O nanodispersions, as well as application examples in cosmetic and pharmaceutical materials including vaccines. Drug administration using a patch is user-friendly, and may improve patient compliance. The technique is a potent transcutaneous immunization method without needles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Kitaoka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rie Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Transdermal Drug Delivery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Transdermal Drug Delivery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Transdermal Drug Delivery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Transcutaneous Immunization Using Nano-sized Drug Carriers. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3121-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Kitaoka M, Imamura K, Hirakawa Y, Tahara Y, Kamiya N, Goto M. Sucrose laurate-enhanced transcutaneous immunization with a solid-in-oil nanodispersion. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00164d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kitaoka M, Imamura K, Hirakawa Y, Tahara Y, Kamiya N, Goto M. Needle-free immunization using a solid-in-oil nanodispersion enhanced by a skin-permeable oligoarginine peptide. Int J Pharm 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Solid-in-oil dispersion: a novel core technology for drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2012; 438:249-57. [PMID: 22975308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems using a solid-in-oil (S/O) dispersion as a core technology have advanced significantly over the past ten years. A novel, effective and practical preparation method for a S/O dispersion was originally established in 1997 as a tool for enzymatic catalysis in organic media. This oil-based dispersion containing proteins in non-aqueous media had great potential for applications to other research with one of the most successful being its adaptation as a drug delivery system. The history and features of novel processes for preparing S/O dispersions are presented in this article. In addition, recent research into the use of S/O dispersions for innovative oral and skin drug delivery systems is discussed.
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A novel double-coating carrier produced by solid-in-oil and solid-in-water nanodispersion technology for delivery of genes and proteins into cells. J Control Release 2012; 161:713-21. [PMID: 22580226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel intracellular delivery method both for genes and proteins is one of the most coveted systems in the drug delivery field. In the present study, we developed a double-coating carrier loaded with gene and protein produced by solid-in-oil and solid-in-water nanodispersion technology. The double-coating carriers did not require electrostatic interactions during the preparation so were able to encapsulate plasmid DNA, ovalbumin (pI 4.5), horseradish peroxidase (pI 7.2), and cytochrome-c (pI 10.5) in a consistent manner. The carriers had practical encapsulation efficiencies and release profiles for genes and proteins. Furthermore, effective gene expression and cellular uptakes of both anionic and cationic proteins were achieved by modification of carriers with functional molecules. These findings indicate that the double-coating carrier has high potential for cellular delivery of various drugs and is a novel, superior method for both gene and protein delivery into cells.
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Toorisaka E, Watanabe K, Ono H, Hirata M, Kamiya N, Goto M. Intestinal patches with an immobilized solid-in-oil formulation for oral protein delivery. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:653-8. [PMID: 21982846 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of biomolecular drugs such as peptides, proteins, and DNA is an attractive delivery method because of the safety and convenience of delivery in contrast to injection administration. However, oral delivery of biomolecules has several potential barriers such as enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and low permeability across an intestinal membrane. In this study, we proposed an intestinal patch system that included surfactant-coated insulin for oral delivery. The intestinal patches, which have mucoadhesive and drug-impermeable layers, induced sustained unidirectional insulin release toward intestinal mucosa and inhibition of insulin leakage from the patches. Moreover, the surfactant-coated insulin, which has high compatibility with cell membranes, enhanced insulin transport across the intestinal membrane. This study demonstrates that the intestinal patches might improve protein permeability in the intestinal mucosa, thereby offering an innovative therapeutic strategy.
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Opportunities and challenges for oral delivery of hydrophobic versus hydrophilic peptide and protein-like drugs using lipid-based technologies. Ther Deliv 2011; 2:1633-53. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide and protein-like drugs are macromolecules currently produced in increasing numbers by the pharmaceutical biotechnology industry. The physicochemical properties of these molecules pose barriers to oral administration. Lipid-based drug-delivery systems have the potential to overcome these barriers and may be utilized to formulate safe, stable and efficacious oral medicines. This review outlines the design of such lipid-based technologies. The mechanisms whereby these formulations enhance the absorption of lipophilic versus hydrophilic peptide and protein-like drugs are discussed. In the case of lipophilic compounds, the advantages of lipid-based drug-delivery systems including increased solubilization, decreased intestinal efflux, decreased intracellular metabolism and possible lymphatic transport are well established as is evident from the success of Neoral® and other drug products on the market. In contrast, with respect to hydrophilic compounds, the situation is more complex and, while promising formulation approaches have been studied, issues including reproducibility of response, intersubject variability and duration of response require further optimization before commercially viable products are possible.
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Preparation of a solid-in-oil nanosuspension containing l-ascorbic acid as a novel long-term stable topical formulation. Int J Pharm 2011; 420:156-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Salmaso S, Bersani S, Elvassore N, Bertucco A, Caliceti P. Biopharmaceutical characterisation of insulin and recombinant human growth hormone loaded lipid submicron particles produced by supercritical gas micro-atomisation. Int J Pharm 2009; 379:51-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tahara Y, Honda S, Kamiya N, Piao H, Hirata A, Hayakawa E, Fujii T, Goto M. A solid-in-oil nanodispersion for transcutaneous protein delivery. J Control Release 2008; 131:14-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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