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Carvalho FM, Azevedo A, Ferreira MM, Mergulhão FJM, Gomes LC. Advances on Bacterial and Fungal Biofilms for the Production of Added-Value Compounds. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081126. [PMID: 36009752 PMCID: PMC9405441 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The production of bio-based materials, including organic acids, antibiotics, enzymes, ethanol, and hydrogen, is generally done by the cultivation of suspended cells rather than using immobilized cells. However, several studies suggest the application of productive biofilms as a reliable alternative for biocatalysis, with many advantages over suspended-growth systems. This review gives an overview of the breakthrough in the application of biofilm platforms for the sustainable production of valuable compounds, with particular insight into the latest advances in the production of recombinant proteins. Productive biofilms are shown to improve production rates and product yields, demonstrating great potential for industrial applications. Abstract In recent years, abundant research has been performed on biofilms for the production of compounds with biotechnological and industrial relevance. The use of biofilm platforms has been seen as a compelling approach to producing fine and bulk chemicals such as organic acids, alcohols, and solvents. However, the production of recombinant proteins using this system is still scarce. Biofilm reactors are known to have higher biomass density, operational stability, and potential for long-term operation than suspended cell reactors. In addition, there is an increasing demand to harness industrial and agricultural wastes and biorefinery residues to improve process sustainability and reduce production costs. The synthesis of recombinant proteins and other high-value compounds is mainly achieved using suspended cultures of bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. This review discusses the use of biofilm reactors for the production of recombinant proteins and other added-value compounds using bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio M. Carvalho
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.C.); (A.A.); (M.M.F.); (F.J.M.M.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Azevedo
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.C.); (A.A.); (M.M.F.); (F.J.M.M.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta M. Ferreira
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.C.); (A.A.); (M.M.F.); (F.J.M.M.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe J. M. Mergulhão
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.C.); (A.A.); (M.M.F.); (F.J.M.M.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana C. Gomes
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.C.); (A.A.); (M.M.F.); (F.J.M.M.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Customized yeast cell factories for biopharmaceuticals: from cell engineering to process scale up. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:124. [PMID: 34193127 PMCID: PMC8246677 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The manufacture of recombinant therapeutics is a fastest-developing section of therapeutic pharmaceuticals and presently plays a significant role in disease management. Yeasts are established eukaryotic host for heterologous protein production and offer distinctive benefits in synthesising pharmaceutical recombinants. Yeasts are proficient of vigorous growth on inexpensive media, easy for gene manipulations, and are capable of adding post translational changes of eukaryotes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is model yeast that has been applied as a main host for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and is the major tool box for genetic studies; nevertheless, numerous other yeasts comprising Pichia pastoris, Kluyveromyces lactis, Hansenula polymorpha, and Yarrowia lipolytica have attained huge attention as non-conventional partners intended for the industrial manufacture of heterologous proteins. Here we review the advances in yeast gene manipulation tools and techniques for heterologous pharmaceutical protein synthesis. Application of secretory pathway engineering, glycosylation engineering strategies and fermentation scale-up strategies in customizing yeast cells for the synthesis of therapeutic proteins has been meticulously described.
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Bader NB, Germec M, Turhan I. Ethanol production from different medium compositions of rice husk hydrolysate by using Scheffersomyces stipitis in a repeated-batch biofilm reactor and its modeling. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Biofilm reactors for value-added products production: An in-depth review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Mahdinia E, Demirci A, Berenjian A. Effects of medium components in a glycerol-based medium on vitamin K (menaquinone-7) production by Bacillus subtilis natto in biofilm reactors. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 42:223-232. [PMID: 30368608 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the most important form of Vitamin K has been reported to have miraculous benefits such as preventing cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis along with antitumor effects. Therefore, there have been numerous studies in the past decades to improve MK-7 production via microbial fermentation. Unfortunately, both solid and liquid state fermentation strategies that are utilized for MK-7 production, face fundamental operational and scale-up issues as well as intense heat and mass transfer problems during fermentation. In this regard, biofilm reactors seem to be a practical solution to overcome these issues and enhance the production in agitated liquid fermentation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to utilize biofilm reactors in investigating and optimizing different media components in a glycerol-based medium. Using response surface methodology, the effects of glycerol, yeast extract, and soytone were studied in the fermentation medium on MK-7 production in biofilm reactor. With a composition of 48.2 g/L of glycerol, 8.1 g/L of yeast extracts, 13.6 g/L of soytone and 0.06 g/L of K2HPO4, MK-7 concentrations could reach 14.7 ± 1.4 mg/L in biofilm reactors, which was 57% higher compared to the MK-7 concentration achieved in suspended-cell reactors under similar conditions, while glycerol was depleted by the end of the fifth day in biofilm reactors, but glycerol was never depleted in suspended-cell reactors. Evidently, biofilm reactors present a reliable strategy to address the operational issues that occur during MK-7 biosynthesis on an industrial scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mahdinia
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ali Demirci
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
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Mahdinia E, Demirci A, Berenjian A. Utilization of glucose-based medium and optimization of Bacillus subtilis natto growth parameters for vitamin K (menaquinone-7) production in biofilm reactors. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Optimization of Bacillus subtilis natto growth parameters in glycerol-based medium for vitamin K (Menaquinone-7) production in biofilm reactors. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 41:195-204. [PMID: 29119323 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is the key form of vitamin K used as a dietary supplement and its production revolves around Bacillus subtilis natto. Current fermentation strategies, which suggest static fermentations without aeration and agitation, can be problematic for large scale MK-7 production due to biofilm formation. The use of biofilm reactors, therefore, is proposed in the present study, which could utilize both agitation and aeration without interrupting MK-7 secretion. In this study, biofilm reactors were constructed using the selected plastic composite support (PCS) and B. subtilis natto strain for MK-7 production. Using response surface methodology (RSM), optimum growth parameters including temperature, pH, and agitation were determined in a glycerol-based medium. Results were presented in a statistical model (R 2 = 0.90), leading to optimum growth conditions of temperature (35 °C), agitation (200 rpm) and pH (6.58). Model-predicted MK-7 concentration was validated and MK-7 concentration of 12.09 mg/L was produced in the biofilm reactor. The obtained concentration was 58% higher as compared to the suspended-cell culture (7.67 mg/L). The results of this study will provide a critical step towards improved industrial scale production of MK-7.
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Germec M, Yatmaz E, Karahalil E, Turhan İ. Effect of different fermentation strategies on β-mannanase production in fed-batch bioreactor system. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:77. [PMID: 28455720 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannanases, one of the important enzyme group for industry, are produced by numerous filamentous fungi, especially Aspergillus species with different fermentation methods. The aim of this study was to show the best fermentation method of β-mannanase production for fungal growth in fermenter. Therefore, different fermentation strategies in fed-batch fermentation (suspended, immobilized cell, biofilm and microparticle-enhanced bioreactor) were applied for β-mannanase production from glucose medium (GM) and carob extract medium (CEM) by using recombinant Aspergillus sojae. The highest β-mannanase activities were obtained from microparticle-enhanced bioreactor strategy. It was found to be 347.47 U/mL by adding 10 g/L of Al2O3 to GM and 439.13 U/mL by adding 1 g/L of talcum into CEM. The maximum β-mannanase activities for suspended, immobilization, and biofilm reactor remained at 72.55 U/mL in GM, 148.81 U/mL in CEM, and 194.09 U/mL in GM, respectively. The reason for that is the excessive, and irregular shaped growth and bulk formation, inadequate oxygen transfer or substrate diffusion in bioreactor. Consequently, the enzyme activity was significantly enhanced by addition of microparticles compared to other fed-batch fermentation strategies. Also, repeatable β-mannanase activities were obtained by controlling of the cell morphology by adding microparticle inside the fermenter.
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Grumezescu V, Holban AM, Sima LE, Chiritoiu MB, Chiritoiu GN, Grumezescu AM, Ivan L, Safciuc F, Antohe F, Florica C, Luculescu CR, Chifiriuc MC, Socol G. Laser deposition of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid) - lysozyme microspheres based coatings with anti-microbial properties. Int J Pharm 2017; 521:184-195. [PMID: 28188877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to obtain, characterize and evaluate the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of coatings based on poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid) - Lysozyme (P(3HB-3HV)/Lys) and P(3HB-3HV) - Polyethylene glycol - Lysozyme (P(3HB-3HV)/PEG/Lys) spheres prepared by Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) technique, in order to obtain functional and improved Ti-based implants. Morphological investigation of the coatings by Infrared Microscopy (IRM) and SEM revealed that the average diameter of P(3HB-3HV)/Lys spheres is around 2μm and unlike the drop cast samples, IRM recorded on MAPLE films revealed a good distribution of monitored functional groups on the entire scanned surface. The biological evaluation of MAPLE structured surfaces revealed an improved biocompatibility with respect to osteoblasts and endothelial cells as compared with Ti substrates and an enhanced anti-biofilm effect against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) tested strains. Thus, we propose that the fabricated P(3HB-3HV)/PEG/Lys and P(3HB-3HV)/Lys microspheres may be efficiently used as a matrix for controlled local drug delivery, with practical applications in developing improved medical surfaces for the reduction of implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Grumezescu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma & Radiation Physics, Lasers Department, P.O. Box MG-36, Bucharest-Magurele, Bucharest 769231, Romania; Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Polizu Street no 1-7, Bucharest 011061, Romania
| | - A M Holban
- Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Polizu Street no 1-7, Bucharest 011061, Romania; University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Microbiology Immunology Department, Aleea Portocalelor no 1-3, Bucharest 060101, Romania
| | - L E Sima
- Institute of Biochemistry, Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - M B Chiritoiu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - G N Chiritoiu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - A M Grumezescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest - ICUB, Bucharest, Romania
| | - L Ivan
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "N. Simionescu", Proteomics Department, B. P. Hasdeu Street, No. 8, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - F Safciuc
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "N. Simionescu", Proteomics Department, B. P. Hasdeu Street, No. 8, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - F Antohe
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "N. Simionescu", Proteomics Department, B. P. Hasdeu Street, No. 8, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Florica
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - C R Luculescu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma & Radiation Physics, Lasers Department, P.O. Box MG-36, Bucharest-Magurele, Bucharest 769231, Romania
| | - M C Chifiriuc
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Microbiology Immunology Department, Aleea Portocalelor no 1-3, Bucharest 060101, Romania
| | - G Socol
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma & Radiation Physics, Lasers Department, P.O. Box MG-36, Bucharest-Magurele, Bucharest 769231, Romania.
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Evaluation of kojic acid production in a repeated-batch PCS biofilm reactor. J Biotechnol 2016; 218:41-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Effects of fed-batch and continuous fermentations on human lysozyme production by Kluyveromyces lactis K7 in biofilm reactors. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:2461-8. [PMID: 26458820 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lysozyme is a lytic enzyme, which has antimicrobial activity. It has been used for food and pharmaceutical applications. This study was undertaken to evaluate fed-batch and continuous fermentations for the human lysozyme production in biofilm reactor. Results showed that addition of lactose the mid-log phase to make the concentration back to the initial level generates higher lysozyme production (177 U/ml) compared with lactose addition in late-log phase (174 U/ml) (p < 0.05). Moreover, fed-batch fermentation with glucose as initial carbon source and continuous addition of lactose with 0.6 ml/min for 10 h demonstrated significantly higher lysozyme production (187 U/ml) compared to the batch fermentation (173 U/ml) (p < 0.05). In continuous fermentation, biofilm reactor provided significantly higher productivity (7.5 U/ml/h) compared to the maximum productivity in suspended cell bioreactor (4 U/ml/h), because the biofilm reactor provided higher cell density at higher dilution rate compared to suspended cell reactor (p < 0.05).
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Ercan D, Demirci A. Recent advances for the production and recovery methods of lysozyme. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:1078-1088. [PMID: 26383819 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1084263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lysozyme is an antimicrobial peptide with a high enzymatic activity and positive charges. Therefore, it has applications in food and pharmaceutical industries as an antimicrobial agent. Lysozyme is ubiquitous in both animal and plant kingdoms. Currently, egg-white lysozyme is the most commercially available form of lysozyme. The main concerns of egg-white lysozyme are high recovery cost, low activity and most importantly the immunological problems to some people. Therefore, human lysozyme production has gained importance in recent years. Scientists have developed transgenic plants, animals and microorganisms that can produce human lysozyme. Out of these, microbial production has advantages for commercial productions, because high production levels are achievable in a relatively short time. It has been reported that fermentation parameters, such as pH, temperature, aeration, are key factors to increase the effectiveness of the human lysozyme production. Moreover, purification of the lysozyme from the fermentation broth needs to be optimized for the economical production. In conclusion, this review paper covers the mechanism of lysozyme, its sources, production methods and recovery of lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ercan
- a Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University, University Park , Pennsylvania , USA and
| | - Ali Demirci
- a Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University, University Park , Pennsylvania , USA and.,b The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park , Pennsylvania , USA
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Enhanced human lysozyme production by Kluyveromyces lactis K7 in biofilm reactor coupled with online recovery system. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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