1
|
Govindaraj V, Kim SK, Raval R, Raval K. Marine Bacillus haynesii chitinase: Purification, characterization and antifungal potential for sustainable chitin bioconversion. Carbohydr Res 2024; 541:109170. [PMID: 38830279 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The development of chitinase tailored for the bioconversion of chitin to chitin oligosaccharides has attracted significant attention due to its potential to alleviate environmental pollution associated with chemical conversion processes. In this present investigation, we purified extracellular chitinase derived from marine Bacillus haynesii to homogeneity and subsequently characterized it. The molecular weight of BhChi was approximately 35 kDa. BhChi displayed its peak catalytic activity at pH 6.0, with an optimal temperature of 37 °C. It exhibited stability across a pH range of 6.0-9.0. In addition, BhChi showed activation in the presence of Mn2+ with the improved activity of 105 U mL-1. Ca2+ and Fe2+ metal ions did not have any significant impact on enzyme activity. Under the optimized enzymatic conditions, there was a notable enhancement in catalytic activity on colloidal chitin with Km of 0.01 mg mL-1 and Vmax of 5.75 mmol min-1. Kcat and catalytic efficiency were measured at 1.91 s-1 and 191 mL mg-1 s-1, respectively. The product profiling of BhChi using thin layer chromatography and Mass spectrometric techniques hinted an exochitinase mode of action with chitobiose and N-Acetyl glucosamine as the products. This study represents the first report on an exochitinase from Bacillus haynesii. Furthermore, the chitinase showcased promising antifungal properties against key pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium chrysogenum, reinforcing its potential as a potent biocontrol agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishnupriya Govindaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Surathkal, Mangalore, 575025, Karnataka, India
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Science & Convergence Engineering, College of Science & Technology, Hanyang, University Erica Campus, Ansan, 11558, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ritu Raval
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Keyur Raval
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Surathkal, Mangalore, 575025, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Z, Cai Y, Li M, Wan X, Mi L, Yang W, Hu Y. Boosting one-step degradation of shrimp shell waste to produce chitin oligosaccharides at smart nanoscale enzyme reactor with liquid-solid system. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131787. [PMID: 38657939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Chitin oligosaccharides (CTOS) possess potential applications in food, medicine, and agriculture. However, lower mass transfer and catalytic efficiency are the main kinetic limitations for the production of CTOS from shrimp shell waste (SSW) and crystalline chitin. Chemical or physical methods are usually used for pretreatment to improve chitinase hydrolysis efficiency, but this is not eco-friendly and cost-effective. To address this challenge, a chitinase nanoreactor with the liquid-solid system (BcChiA1@ZIF-8) was manufactured to boost the one-step degradation of SSW and crystalline chitin. Compared with free enzyme, the catalytic efficiency of BcChiA1@ZIF-8 on colloidal chitin was significantly improved to 142 %. SSW and crystalline chitin can be directly degraded by BcChiA1@ZIF-8 without any pretreatments. The yield of N, N'-diacetylchitobiose [(GlcNAc)2] from SSW and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from crystalline chitin was 2 times and 3.1 times than that of free enzyme, respectively. The reason was that BcChiA1@ZIF-8 with a liquid-solid system enlarged the interface area, increased the collision frequency between enzyme and substrate, and improved the large-substrates binding activity of chitinase. Moreover, the biphasic system exhibited excellent stability, and the design showed universal applicability. This strategy provided novel guidance for other polysaccharide biosynthesis and the conversion of environmental waste into carbohydrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yijin Cai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Xiaoru Wan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Li Mi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Wenge Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yonghong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Das S, Chowdhury C, Kumar SP, Roy D, Gosavi SW, Sen R. Microbial production of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) for versatile applications: Biotechnological strategies for green process development. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109039. [PMID: 38277719 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is a commercially important amino sugar for its wide range of applications in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics and biofuel industries. In nature, GlcNAc is polymerised into chitin biopolymer, which is one of the major constituents of fungal cell wall and outer shells of crustaceans. Sea food processing industries generate a large volume of chitin as biopolymeric waste. Because of its high abundance, chitinaceous shellfish wastes have been exploited as one of the major precursor substrates of GlcNAc production, both in chemical and enzymatic means. Nevertheless, the current process of GlcNAc extraction from shellfish wastes generates poor turnover and attracts environmental hazards. Moreover, GlcNAc isolated from shellfish could not be prescribed to certain groups of people because of the allergic nature of shell components. Therefore, an alternative route of GlcNAc production is advocated. With the advancement of metabolic construction and synthetic biology, microbial synthesis of GlcNAc is gaining much attention nowadays. Several new and cutting-edge technologies like substrate co-utilization strategy, promoter engineering, and CRISPR interference system were proposed in this fascinating area. The study would put forward the potential application of microbial engineering in the production of important pharmaceuticals. Very recently, autotrophic fermentation of GlcNAc synthesis has been proposed. The metabolic engineering approaches would offer great promise to mitigate the issues of low yield and high production cost, which are major challenges in microbial bio-processes industries. Further process optimization, optimising metabolic flux, and efficient recovery of GlcNAc from culture broth, should be investigated in order to achieve a high product titer. The current study presents a comprehensive review on microbe-based eco-friendly green methods that would pave the way towards the development of future research directions in this field for the designing of a cost-effective fermentation process on an industrial setup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sancharini Das
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MH, 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, WB, 721302, India.
| | - Chiranjit Chowdhury
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, MH, 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India
| | - S Pavan Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, TN, 600 036, India
| | - Debasis Roy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, WB, 721302, India
| | - Suresh W Gosavi
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MH, 411007, India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, WB, 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wei G, Zhang C, Zhou N, Wu B, Li H, Zhang A, Ouyang P, Chen K. Preparation of porous chitin beads from waste crayfish shell and application in the co-immobilization of PLP and its dependent enzyme. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121322. [PMID: 37739544 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, co-immobilization of PLP and its dependent enzyme were investigated using a novel type of porous chitin bead (PCB). Crayfish shell was used to prepare PCB via dissolution of it to form beads, followed by the removal of CaCO3 and protein in-situ. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method showed that the PCB had abundant porous structures with deacetylation degree of 33 % and the specific surface area of 35.87 m2/g. Then, the beads are used to co-immobilize pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) and l-lysine decarboxylase fused with chitin-binding protein (SpLDC-ChBD). Laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed that the beads could co-immobilize PLP and SpLDC-ChBD successfully. In addition, a packed bed was also constructed using the PCB containing co-immobilized SpLDC-ChBD and PLP. The substrate conversion remained at 91.09 % after 48 h with 50 g/L l-lysine, which showed good continuous catalysis ability. This study provides a novel method for co-immobilization of enzyme and PLP, as well as develops a new application of waste crustacean shells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoguang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Alei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Zhejiang Zhongshan Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd, Huzhou 313100, China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Zhou X, Guo W, Fu Y, Ruan G, Fang L, Wang Q. Effects of lead contamination on histology, antioxidant and intestinal microbiota responses in freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106768. [PMID: 38041968 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is an important farming species in China and there is a high degree of overlap between the main crayfish production areas and areas contaminated with the heavy metal lead (Pb), thus putting crayfish farming at potential risk of Pb contamination. To assess the toxic effects of Pb on crayfish, in this study they were exposed to different concentrations of Pb (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 50 mg/L) for 72 h, and 0.1 mg/L represents the level of Pb in the contaminated water. Histomorphology and activities of antioxidant or immune-related enzymes suggest that the damage of Pb to the hepatopancreas and intestine was dose- and time-dependent, with the intestine being more sensitive to Pb than the hepatopancreas. Notably, after a short period (24 h) of stress at low concentrations (0.1 mg/L) of Pb, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the intestine of crayfish showed significant changes, indicating that low concentrations of Pb were also highly detrimental to crayfish. High-throughput sequencing of the intestinal microbial community indicated that Pb exposure led to a disturbance in the relative abundance of intestinal bacteria, increasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Bosea, Cloacibacterium, Legionella spp.) and decreasing the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria (Chitinibacter, Chitinilyticum, Paracoccus, Microbacterium, Demequina, and Acinetobacter spp.). In conclusion, Pb damages the hepatopancreas and intestinal barrier of crayfish, leading to the destruction of their anti-stress ability and immune response, and at the same time disrupts the homeostasis of intestinal microbes, resulting in adverse effects on the gut. This study contributed to the assessment of the ecotoxicity of the heavy metal Pb to the crustacean aquatic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434024, China; The Innovative Center of Animal Nutrition and Feed Application Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434024, China; The Innovative Technology Research Center of Crayfish Breeding and Healthy Farming, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434024, China
| | - Xingwang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Yunyin Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434024, China; The Innovative Center of Animal Nutrition and Feed Application Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434024, China; The Innovative Technology Research Center of Crayfish Breeding and Healthy Farming, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434024, China
| | - Guoliang Ruan
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434024, China; The Innovative Center of Animal Nutrition and Feed Application Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434024, China; The Innovative Technology Research Center of Crayfish Breeding and Healthy Farming, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434024, China
| | - Liu Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434024, China; The Innovative Center of Animal Nutrition and Feed Application Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434024, China; The Innovative Technology Research Center of Crayfish Breeding and Healthy Farming, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434024, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434024, China; The Innovative Center of Animal Nutrition and Feed Application Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434024, China; The Innovative Technology Research Center of Crayfish Breeding and Healthy Farming, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Engineering Microorganisms to Produce Bio-Based Monomers: Progress and Challenges. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioplastics are polymers made from sustainable bio-based feedstocks. While the potential of producing bio-based monomers in microbes has been investigated for decades, their economic feasibility is still unsatisfactory compared with petroleum-derived methods. To improve the overall synthetic efficiency of microbial cell factories, three main strategies were summarized in this review: firstly, implementing approaches to improve the microbial utilization ability of cheap and abundant substrates; secondly, developing methods at enzymes, pathway, and cellular levels to enhance microbial production performance; thirdly, building technologies to enhance microbial pH, osmotic, and metabolites stress tolerance. Moreover, the challenges of, and some perspectives on, exploiting microorganisms as efficient cell factories for producing bio-based monomers are also discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Q, Wei G, Yang P, Wang C, Chen K, Ouyang P, Zhang A. One-pot biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid from chitin via combination of chitin-degrading enzymes, N-acetylglucosamine-2-epimerase, and N-neuraminic acid aldolase. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1156924. [PMID: 37025634 PMCID: PMC10072123 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1156924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) possesses the ability to promote mental health and enhance immunity and is widely used in both medicine and food fields as a supplement. Enzymatic production of Neu5Ac using N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) as substrate was significant. However, the high-cost GlcNAc limited its development. In this study, an in vitro multi-enzyme catalysis was built to produce Neu5Ac using affordable chitin as substrate. Firstly, exochitinase SmChiA from Serratia proteamaculans and N-acetylglucosaminosidase CmNAGase from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 were screened and combined to produce GlcNAc, effectively. Then, the chitinase was cascaded with N-acetylglucosamine-2-epimerase (AGE) and N-neuraminic acid aldolase (NanA) to produce Neu5Ac; the optimal conditions of the multi-enzyme catalysis system were 37°C and pH 8.5, the ratio of AGE to NanA (1:4) and addition of pyruvate (70 mM), respectively. Finally, 9.2 g/L Neu5Ac could be obtained from 20 g/L chitin within 24 h along with two supplementations with pyruvate. This work will lay a good foundation for the production of Neu5Ac from cheap chitin resources.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Zhou N, Chen X, Wei G, Zhang A, Chen K, Ouyang P. Characterization of a New Multifunctional GH20 β- N-Acetylglucosaminidase From Chitinibacter sp. GC72 and Its Application in Converting Chitin Into N-Acetyl Glucosamine. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:874908. [PMID: 35620090 PMCID: PMC9129912 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.874908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a gene encoding β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, designated NAGaseA, was cloned from Chitinibacter sp. GC72 and subsequently functional expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). NAGaseA contains a glycoside hydrolase family 20 catalytic domain that shows low identity with the corresponding domain of the well-characterized NAGases. The recombinant NAGaseA had a molecular mass of 92 kDa. Biochemical characterization of the purified NAGaseA revealed that the optimal reaction condition was at 40°C and pH 6.5, and exhibited great pH stability in the range of pH 6.5-9.5. The V ma x , K m, k cat, and k cat /K m of NAGaseA toward p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl glucosaminide (pNP-GlcNAc) were 3333.33 μmol min-1 l-1, 39.99 μmol l-1, 4667.07 s-1, and 116.71 ml μmol-1 s-1, respectively. Analysis of the hydrolysis products of N-acetyl chitin oligosaccharides (N-Acetyl COSs) indicated that NAGaseA was capable of converting N-acetyl COSs ((GlcNAc)2-(GlcNAc)6) into GlcNAc with hydrolysis ability order: (GlcNAc)2 > (GlcNAc)3 > (GlcNAc)4 > (GlcNAc)5 > (GlcNAc)6. Moreover, NAGaseA could generate (GlcNAc)3-(GlcNAc)6 from (GlcNAc)2-(GlcNAc)5, respectively. These results showed that NAGaseA is a multifunctional NAGase with transglycosylation activity. In addition, significantly synergistic action was observed between NAGaseA and other sources of chitinases during hydrolysis of colloid chitin. Finally, 0.759, 0.481, and 0.986 g/l of GlcNAc with a purity of 96% were obtained using three different chitinase combinations, which were 1.61-, 2.36-, and 2.69-fold that of the GlcNAc production using the single chitinase. This observation indicated that NAGaseA could be a potential candidate enzyme in commercial GlcNAc production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueman Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoguang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Alei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hao ZK, Li JS, Wang DH, He F, Xue JS, Yin LH, Zheng HB. Efficient production of GlcNAc in an aqueous-organic system with a Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 mutant. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:623-633. [PMID: 35384608 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Shellfish waste is a primary source for making N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Thus, establishing a high-efficiency and low-cost bioconversion method to produce N-acetyl-D-glucosamine directly from shellfish waste was promising. RESULTS A mutant C81 was obtained from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 via 60Co-γ irradiation. This mutant C81 showed the highest chitinase activity of 9.8 U/mL that was 85% higher than the parent strain. The mutant C81 exhibted improved antioxidant activities, including total antioxidant capacity, superoxide radical ability, and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, compared to that of the parent strain. Four out of nine organic solvents increased the chitinase activity by 1.9%, 6.8%, 11.7%, and 15.8%, corresponding to methylbenzene, n-heptane, petroleum ether, and n-hexane, respectively. The biphase system composed of aqueous and hexane presented a five-fold reduction of cell viability compared to the control. Using a continuous fermentation bioconversion process, 4.2 g/L GlcNAc was produced from crayfish shell powder with a yield of 80% of the chitin content. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the mutant C81 is suitable for converting crayfish shell powder into GlcNAc in an aqueous-organic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Kui Hao
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jian-Song Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Dan-Hua Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Fei He
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jing-Shi Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Liang-Hong Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Hua-Bao Zheng
- College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang C, Chen X, Zhou N, Chen Y, Zhang A, Chen K, Ouyang P. Property and Function of a Novel Chitinase Containing Dual Catalytic Domains Capable of Converting Chitin Into N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:790301. [PMID: 35283860 PMCID: PMC8908422 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.790301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel multifunctional chitinase (CmChi3)-encoding gene was cloned from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis and actively expressed in Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis showed that CmChi3 contains two glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH18) catalytic domains and exhibited low identity with well-characterized chitinases. The optimum pH and temperature of purified recombinant CmChi3 were 6.0 and 50°C, respectively. CmChi3 exhibited strict substrate specificity of 4.1 U/mg toward colloidal chitin (CC) and hydrolyzed it to yield N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) as the sole end product. An analysis of the hydrolysis products toward N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides (N-acetyl COSs) and CC substrates revealed that CmChi3 exhibits endochitinase, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAGase), and transglycosylase (TGase) activities. Further studies revealed that the N-terminal catalytic domain of CmChi3 exhibited endo-acting and NAGase activities, while the C-terminal catalytic domain showed exo-acting and TGase activities. The hydrolytic properties and favorable environmental adaptations indicate that CmChi3 holds potential for commercial GlcNAc production from chitin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueman Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Alei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Identification and Characterization of Three Chitinases with Potential in Direct Conversion of Crystalline Chitin into N,N′-diacetylchitobiose. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030165. [PMID: 35323464 PMCID: PMC8950537 DOI: 10.3390/md20030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COSs) have been widely used in agriculture, medicine, cosmetics, and foods, which are commonly prepared from chitin with chitinases. So far, while most COSs are prepared from colloidal chitin, chitinases used in preparing COSs directly from natural crystalline chitin are less reported. Here, we characterize three chitinases, which were identified from the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra DSM 14401T, with an ability to degrade crystalline chitin into (GlcNAc)2 (N,N’-diacetylchitobiose). Strain DSM 14401 can degrade the crystalline α-chitin in the medium to provide nutrients for growth. Genome and secretome analyses indicate that this strain secretes six chitinolytic enzymes, among which chitinases Chia4287, Chib0431, and Chib0434 have higher abundance than the others, suggesting their importance in crystalline α-chitin degradation. These three chitinases were heterologously expressed, purified, and characterized. They are all active on crystalline α-chitin, with temperature optima of 45–50 °C and pH optima of 7.0–7.5. They are all stable at 40 °C and in the pH range of 5.0–11.0. Moreover, they all have excellent salt tolerance, retaining more than 92% activity after incubation in 5 M NaCl for 10 h at 4 °C. When acting on crystalline α-chitin, the main products of the three chitinases are all (GlcNAc)2, which suggests that chitinases Chia4287, Chib0431, and Chib0434 likely have potential in direct conversion of crystalline chitin into (GlcNAc)2.
Collapse
|
12
|
Poria V, Rana A, Kumari A, Grewal J, Pranaw K, Singh S. Current Perspectives on Chitinolytic Enzymes and Their Agro-Industrial Applications. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1319. [PMID: 34943233 PMCID: PMC8698876 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases are a large and diversified category of enzymes that break down chitin, the world's second most prevalent polymer after cellulose. GH18 is the most studied family of chitinases, even though chitinolytic enzymes come from a variety of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families. Most of the distinct GH families, as well as the unique structural and catalytic features of various chitinolytic enzymes, have been thoroughly explored to demonstrate their use in the development of tailor-made chitinases by protein engineering. Although chitin-degrading enzymes may be found in plants and other organisms, such as arthropods, mollusks, protozoans, and nematodes, microbial chitinases are a promising and sustainable option for industrial production. Despite this, the inducible nature, low titer, high production expenses, and susceptibility to severe environments are barriers to upscaling microbial chitinase production. The goal of this study is to address all of the elements that influence microbial fermentation for chitinase production, as well as the purifying procedures for attaining high-quality yield and purity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Poria
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendargarh 123031, India; (V.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Anuj Rana
- Department of Microbiology (COBS & H), CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India;
| | - Arti Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendargarh 123031, India; (V.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Jasneet Grewal
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, 102-096 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.P.)
| | - Kumar Pranaw
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, 102-096 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.P.)
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendargarh 123031, India; (V.P.); (A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chemo-enzymatic protocol converts chitin into a nitrogen-containing furan derivative, 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
14
|
Gao C, Wang J, Guo L, Hu G, Liu J, Song W, Liu L, Chen X. Immobilization of Microbial Consortium for Glutaric Acid Production from Lysine. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Lihu Road 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety Jiangnan University Lihu Road 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Lihu Road 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety Jiangnan University Lihu Road 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Lihu Road 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety Jiangnan University Lihu Road 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Guipeng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science Jiangnan University Lihu Road 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Lihu Road 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety Jiangnan University Lihu Road 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science Jiangnan University Lihu Road 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Lihu Road 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety Jiangnan University Lihu Road 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Lihu Road 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety Jiangnan University Lihu Road 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ruen-Pham K, Graham LE, Satjarak A. Spatial Variation of Cladophora Epiphytes in the Nan River, Thailand. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2266. [PMID: 34834629 PMCID: PMC8622721 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cladophora is an algal genus known to be ecologically important. It provides habitats for microorganisms known to provide ecological services such as biosynthesis of cobalamin (vitamin B12) and nutrient cycling. Most knowledge of microbiomes was obtained from studies of lacustrine Cladophora species. However, whether lotic freshwater Cladophora microbiomes are as complex as the lentic ones or provide similar ecological services is not known. To illuminate these issues, we used amplicons of 16S rDNA, 18S rDNA, and ITS to investigate the taxonomy and diversity of the microorganisms associated with replicate Cladophora samples from three sites along the Nan River, Thailand. Results showed that the diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic members of Cladophora microbiomes collected from different sampling sites was statistically different. Fifty percent of the identifiable taxa were shared across sampling sites: these included organisms belonging to different trophic levels, decomposers, and heterotrophic bacteria. These heterogeneous assemblages of bacteria, by functional inference, have the potential to perform various ecological functions, i.e., cellulose degradation, cobalamin biosynthesis, fermentative hydrogen production, ammonium oxidation, amino acid fermentation, dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonium, nitrite reduction, nitrate reduction, sulfur reduction, polyphosphate accumulation, denitrifying phosphorus-accumulation, and degradation of aromatic compounds. Results suggested that river populations of Cladophora provide ecologically important habitat for microorganisms that are key to nutrient cycling in lotic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karnjana Ruen-Pham
- Plants of Thailand Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Linda E. Graham
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Anchittha Satjarak
- Plants of Thailand Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou N, Yang P, Chen J, Wei G, Wang C, Zhang A, Chen K, Ouyang P. Effect of organic solvents treatment on structure of chitin and its enzymatic hydrolysis. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
17
|
Wang Y, Zhang A, Mo X, Zhou N, Yang S, Chen K, Ouyang P. The effect of ultrasonication on enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin to N-acetyl glucosamine via sequential and simultaneous strategies. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
18
|
Chen S, Jiang S, Jiang H. A review on conversion of crayfish-shell derivatives to functional materials and their environmental applications. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
19
|
Zhang A, Mo X, Zhou N, Wang Y, Wei G, Hao Z, Chen K. Identification of Chitinolytic Enzymes in Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis and Mechanism of Efficiently Hydrolyzing Chitin to N-Acetyl Glucosamine. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:572053. [PMID: 33193169 PMCID: PMC7641034 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.572053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1, a bacterium capable of hydrolyzing chitin and shrimp shell to N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) as the only product, was isolated previously. Here, the hydrolysis mechanism of this novel strain toward chitin was investigated. Sequencing and analysis of the complete genome of SYBC-H1 showed that it encodes 32 putatively chitinolytic enzymes including 30 chitinases affiliated with the glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 18 (26) and 19 (4), one GH family 20 β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase), and one Auxiliary Activities (AA) family 10 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO). However, only eight GH18 chitinases, one AA10 LPMO, and one GH20 NAGase were detected in the culture broth of the strain, according to peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). Of these, genes encoding chitinolytic enzymes including five GH18 chitinases (Cm711, Cm3636, Cm3638, Cm3639, and Cm3769) and one GH20 NAGase (Cm3245) were successfully expressed in active form in Escherichia coli. The hydrolysis of chitinous substrates showed that Cm711, Cm3636, Cm3638, and Cm3769 were endo-chitinases and Cm3639 was exo-chitinase. Moreover, Cm3639 and Cm3769 can convert the GlcNAc dimer and colloidal chitin (CC) into GlcNAc, which showed that they also possess NAGase activity. In addition, NAGase Cm3245 possesses a very high exo-acting activity of hydrolyzing GlcNAc dimer. These results suggest that chitinases and NAGase from SYBC-H1 both play important roles in conversion of N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides to GlcNAc, resulting in the accumulation of the final product GlcNAc. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the complete genome sequence and chitinolytic enzyme genes discovery of this strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofang Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoguang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhikui Hao
- Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang A, Mo X, Wei G, Zhou N, Yang S, Chen J, Wang Y, Chen K, Ouyang P. The Draft Genome Sequence and Analysis of an Efficiently Chitinolytic Bacterium Chitinibacter sp. Strain GC72. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3903-3908. [PMID: 32980915 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel chitinolytic bacterium Chitinibacter sp. GC72, which produces an enzyme capable of efficiently converting chitin only into N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), was successfully sequenced and analyzed. The assembled draft genome of strain GC72 is 3,455,373 bp, containing 3346 encoded protein sequences with G + C content of 53.90%. Among these annotated genes, 17 chitinolytic enzymes including 12 glycoside hydrolase family 18 chitinases, three family 19 chitinases, one family 20 β-hexosaminidase, and one auxiliary activity family 10 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, were found to be essential in the production of GlcNAc from chitin. The genomic information of strain GC72 provides a reference genome for Chitinibacter bacteria and abundant novel chitinolytic enzyme resources, and allows researchers to explore potential applications in GlcNAc enzymatic production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alei Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Mo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoguang Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Kequan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang A, Mo X, Zhou N, Wang Y, Wei G, Chen J, Chen K, Ouyang P. A novel bacterial β- N-acetyl glucosaminidase from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis possessing transglycosylation and reverse hydrolysis activities. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:115. [PMID: 32612678 PMCID: PMC7324980 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-Acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-Acetyl chitooligosaccharides (N-Acetyl COSs) exhibit many biological activities, and have been widely used in the pharmaceutical, agriculture, food, and chemical industries. Particularly, higher N-Acetyl COSs with degree of polymerization from 4 to 7 ((GlcNAc)4-(GlcNAc)7) show good antitumor and antimicrobial activity, as well as possessing strong stimulating activity toward natural killer cells. Thus, it is of great significance to discover a β-N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAGase) that can not only produce GlcNAc, but also synthesize N-Acetyl COSs. RESULTS The gene encoding the novel β-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, designated CmNAGase, was cloned from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1. The deduced amino acid sequence of CmNAGase contains a glycoside hydrolase family 20 catalytic module that shows low identity (12-35%) with the corresponding domain of most well-characterized NAGases. The CmNAGase gene was highly expressed with an active form in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The specific activity of purified CmNAGase toward p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl glucosaminide (pNP-GlcNAc) was 4878.6 U/mg of protein. CmNAGase had a molecular mass of 92 kDa, and its optimum activity was at pH 5.4 and 40 °C. The V max, K m, K cat, and K cat/K m of CmNAGase for pNP-GlcNAc were 16,666.67 μmol min-1 mg-1, 0.50 μmol mL-1, 25,555.56 s-1, and 51,111.12 mL μmol-1 s-1, respectively. Analysis of the hydrolysis products of N-Acetyl COSs and colloidal chitin revealed that CmNAGase is a typical exo-acting NAGase. Particularly, CmNAGase can synthesize higher N-Acetyl COSs ((GlcNAc)3-(GlcNAc)7) from (GlcNAc)2-(GlcNAc)6, respectively, showed that it possesses transglycosylation activity. In addition, CmNAGase also has reverse hydrolysis activity toward GlcNAc, synthesizing various linked GlcNAc dimers. CONCLUSIONS The observations recorded in this study that CmNAGase is a novel NAGase with exo-acting, transglycosylation, and reverse hydrolysis activities, suggest a possible application in the production of GlcNAc or higher N-Acetyl COSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoguang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kumar M, Rajput M, Soni T, Vivekanand V, Pareek N. Chemoenzymatic Production and Engineering of Chitooligosaccharides and N-acetyl Glucosamine for Refining Biological Activities. Front Chem 2020; 8:469. [PMID: 32671017 PMCID: PMC7329927 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) and N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) are currently of enormous relevance to pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetics, food, and agriculture industries due to their wide range of biological activities, which include antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant, anticoagulant, wound healing, immunoregulatory, and hypocholesterolemic effects. A range of methods have been developed for the synthesis of COS with a specific degree of polymerization along with high production titres. In this respect, chemical, enzymatic, and microbial means, along with modern genetic manipulation techniques, have been extensively explored; however no method has been able to competently produce defined COS and GlcNAc in a mono-system approach. Henceforth, the chitin research has turned toward increased exploration of chemoenzymatic processes for COS and GlcNAc generation. Recent developments in the area of green chemicals, mainly ionic liquids, proved vital for the specified COS and GlcNAc synthesis with better yield and purity. Moreover, engineering of COS and GlcNAc to generate novel derivatives viz. carboxylated, sulfated, phenolic acid conjugated, amino derived COS, etc., further improved their biological activities. Consequently, chemoenzymatic synthesis and engineering of COS and GlcNAc emerged as a useful approach to lead the biologically-active compound-based biomedical research to an advanced prospect in the forthcoming era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Microbial Catalysis and Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Meenakshi Rajput
- Microbial Catalysis and Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Twinkle Soni
- Microbial Catalysis and Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Vivekanand Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
| | - Nidhi Pareek
- Microbial Catalysis and Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Categories and biomanufacturing methods of glucosamine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7883-7889. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
24
|
Li H, Xu C, Zhou L, Dong Y, Su Y, Wang X, Qin JG, Chen L, Li E. Beneficial effects of dietary β-glucan on growth and health status of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at low salinity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:315-324. [PMID: 31129185 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary β-glucan supplement (0, 0.01%, 0.02%, or 0.04%) on growth and health of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at low salinity of 3 practical salinity unit (psu). The L. vannamei fed 0.02% and 0.04% β-glucan gained more weight and showed higher activities of protease, amylase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the intestine than in the control (0% β-glucan). The L. vannamei fed 0.04% β-glucan had a higher condition factor than those fed the control diet. Amylase activity in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei fed 0.02% β-glucan was higher than those fed the control diet. Dietary β-glucan supplement increased the mRNA expressions of Toll-like receptor, myostatin, immune deficiency or heat shock protein 70, but decreased the mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α and C-type lectin 3 in both hepatopancreas and intestine. The response of intestine microbiota in L. vannamei fed 0.04% β-glucan was further compared to the control. The 0.04% β-glucan supplement reduced richness and diversity of the intestinal microbial community as indicated by the low values of Chao1 estimator, ACE estimator, Simpson index and Shannon diversity index. Abundances of Bacillus, Chitinibacter, Geobacillus and Vibrio in the intestine increased, while Flavobacterium, Microbacterium and Mycobacterium decreased significantly in L. vannamei fed 0.04% β-glucan compared to the control. This study indicates that dietary β-glucan supplement at 0.02%-0.04% can significantly improve digestibility, antioxidant capacity and immunity in L. vannamei, and thus improve growth performance and survival at low salinity. These beneficial effects of β-glucan probably are related to the dominance of probiotics over potential pathogens in the intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China; School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yangfan Dong
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yujie Su
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jian G Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Erchao Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The broad-specificity chitinases: their origin, characterization, and potential application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3289-3295. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
26
|
Ni M, Wu Q, Wang HL, Liu WC, Hu B, Zhang DP, Zhao J, Liu DW, Lu CG. Identification of a novel strain, Streptomyces blastmyceticus JZB130180, and evaluation of its biocontrol efficacy against Monilinia fructicola. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 20:84-94. [PMID: 30614232 PMCID: PMC6331331 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Peach brown rot, caused by Monilinia fructicola, is one of the most serious peach diseases. A strain belonging to the Actinomycetales, named Streptomyces blastmyceticus JZB130180, was found to have a strong inhibitory effect on M. fructicola in confrontation culture. Following the inoculation of peaches in vitro, it was revealed that the fermentation broth of S. blastmyceticus JZB130180 had a significant inhibitory effect on disease development by M. fructicola. The fermentation broth of S. blastmyceticus JZB130180 had an EC50 (concentration for 50% of maximal effect) of 38.3 µg/mL against M. fructicola, as determined in an indoor toxicity test. Analysis of the physicochemical properties of the fermentation broth revealed that it was tolerant of acid and alkaline conditions, temperature, and ultraviolet radiation. In addition, chitinase, cellulase, and protease were also found to be secreted by the strain. The results of this study suggest that S. blastmyceticus JZB130180 may be used for the biocontrol of peach brown rot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ni
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hong-li Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wei-cheng Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Beijing Plant Protection Station, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dian-peng Zhang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - De-wen Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Cai-ge Lu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee HJ, Lee YS, Choi YL. Cloning, purification, and characterization of an organic solvent-tolerant chitinase, MtCh509, from Microbulbifer thermotolerans DAU221. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:303. [PMID: 30455732 PMCID: PMC6222997 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to use organic solvents in enzyme reactions offers a number of industrially useful advantages. However, most enzymes are almost completely inactive in the presence of organic solvents. Thus, organic solvent-tolerant enzymes have potential applications in industrial processes. RESULTS A chitinase gene from Microbulbifer thermotolerans DAU221 (mtch509) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The molecular weight of the expressed MtCh509 protein was approximately 60 kDa, and it was purified by His-tag affinity chromatography. Enzymatic assays showed that the optimum temperature for MtCh509 chitinase activity was 55 °C, and the enzyme was stable for 2 h at up to 50 °C. The optimum pH for MtCh509 activity was in the sub-acidic range, at pH 4.6 and 5.0. The activity of MtCh509 was maintained in presence of 1 M salt, gradually decreasing at higher concentrations, with residual activity (20%) detected after incubation in 5 M salt. Some organic solvents (benzene, DMSO, hexane, isoamyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and toluene; 10-20%, v/v) increased the reactivity of MtCh509 relative to the aqueous system. When using NAG3, as a substrate, MtCh509 produced NAG2 as the major product, as well as NAG4, demonstrating that MtCh509 has transglycosylation activity. The K m and V max values for MtCh509 using colloidal chitin as a substrate were 9.275 mg/mL and 20.4 U/mg, respectively. Thus, MtCh509 could be used in extreme industrial conditions. CONCLUSION The results of the hydrolysate analysis and the observed increase in enzyme activity in the presence of organic solvents show that MtCh509 has industrially attractive advantages. This is the first report on an organic solvent-tolerant and transglycosylating chitinase from Microbulbifer species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Lark Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Das S, Dey P, Roy D, Maiti MK, Sen R. N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine Production by a Chitinase of Marine Fungal Origin: a Case Study of Potential Industrial Significance for Valorization of Waste Chitins. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:407-423. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
29
|
Zhang A, He Y, Wei G, Zhou J, Dong W, Chen K, Ouyang P. Molecular characterization of a novel chitinase CmChi1 from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 and its use in N-acetyl-d-glucosamine production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:179. [PMID: 29983742 PMCID: PMC6020246 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) possesses many bioactivities that have been used widely in many fields. The enzymatic production of GlcNAc is eco-friendly, with high yields and a mild production process compared with the traditional chemical process. Therefore, it is crucial to discover a better chitinase for GlcNAc production from chitin. RESULTS A novel chitinase gene (Cmchi1) cloned from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells. The recombinant enzyme (CmChi1) contains a glycosyl hydrolase family 18 catalytic module that shows low identity (12-27%) with the corresponding domain of the well-characterized chitinases. CmChi1 was purified with a recovery yield of 89% by colloidal chitin affinity chromatography, whereupon it had a specific activity of up to 15.3 U/mg. CmChi1 had an approximate molecular mass of 70 kDa after the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and its optimum activity for colloidal chitin (CC) hydrolysis occurred at pH 5.2 and 50 °C. Furthermore, CmChi1 exhibited kcat/Km values of 7.8 ± 0.11 mL/s/mg and 239.1 ± 2.6 mL/s/μmol toward CC and 4-nitrophenol N,N'-diacetyl-β-d-chitobioside [p-NP-(GlcNAc)2], respectively. Analysis of the hydrolysis products revealed that CmChi1 exhibits exo-acting, endo-acting and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activities toward N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides (N-acetyl CHOS) and CC substrates, behavior that makes it different from typical reported chitinases. As a result, GlcNAc could be produced by hydrolyzing CC using recombinant CmChi1 alone with a yield of nearly 100% and separated simply from the hydrolysate with a high purity of 98%. CONCLUSION The hydrolytic properties and good environmental adaptions indicate that CmChi1 has excellent potential in commercial GlcNAc production. This is the first report on exo-acting, endo-acting and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activities from Chitinolyticbacter species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alei Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, NanjingTech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumei He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, NanjingTech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoguang Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, NanjingTech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, NanjingTech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, NanjingTech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, NanjingTech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, NanjingTech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kequan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, NanjingTech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, NanjingTech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, NanjingTech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, NanjingTech University, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cheba BA, Zaghloul TI, El-Mahdy AR, El-Massry MH. Effect of nitrogen sources and fermentation conditions on bacillus sp. R2 chitinase production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
31
|
Zhang Y, Zhou X, Ji L, Du X, Sang Q, Chen F. Enzymatic single-step preparation and antioxidant activity of hetero-chitooligosaccharides using non-pretreated housefly larvae powder. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 172:113-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
32
|
Wei G, Zhang A, Chen K, Ouyang P. Enzymatic production of N -acetyl- d -glucosamine from crayfish shell wastes pretreated via high pressure homogenization. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 171:236-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
33
|
Transglycosylation by a chitinase from Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae generates longer chitin oligosaccharides. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5113. [PMID: 28698589 PMCID: PMC5505975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have exploited natural resources for a variety of applications. Chitin and its derivative chitin oligosaccharides (CHOS) have potential biomedical and agricultural applications. Availability of CHOS with the desired length has been a major limitation in the optimum use of such natural resources. Here, we report a single domain hyper-transglycosylating chitinase, which generates longer CHOS, from Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae 13047 (EcChi1). EcChi1 was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 40 °C with a Km of 15.2 mg ml−1, and kcat/Km of 0.011× 102 mg−1 ml min−1 on colloidal chitin. The profile of the hydrolytic products, major product being chitobiose, released from CHOS indicated that EcChi1 was an endo-acting enzyme. Transglycosylation (TG) by EcChi1 on trimeric to hexameric CHOS resulted in the formation of longer CHOS for a prolonged duration. EcChi1 showed both chitobiase and TG activities, in addition to hydrolytic activity. The TG by EcChi1 was dependent, to some extent, on the length of the CHOS substrate and concentration of the enzyme. Homology modeling and docking with CHOS suggested that EcChi1 has a deep substrate-binding groove lined with aromatic amino acids, which is a characteristic feature of a processive enzyme.
Collapse
|
34
|
Guo X, Xu P, Zong M, Lou W. Purification and characterization of alkaline chitinase from Paenibacillus pasadenensis CS0611. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(17)62787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
35
|
Li SW, Zeng RJ, Sheng GP. An excellent anaerobic respiration mode for chitin degradation by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in microbial fuel cells. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
36
|
Efficient production of 5-aminovalerate from l -lysine by engineered Escherichia coli whole-cell biocatalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
37
|
Fu X, Yan Q, Wang J, Yang S, Jiang Z. Purification and biochemical characterization of novel acidic chitinase from Paenicibacillus barengoltzii. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:973-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
38
|
Enhancement of Exochitinase Production by Bacillus licheniformis AT6 Strain and Improvement of N-Acetylglucosamine Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:650-666. [PMID: 27639392 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A strain producing chitinase, isolated from potato stem tissue, was identified as Bacillus licheniformis by biochemical properties and 16S RNA sequence analysis. Statistical experimental designs were used to optimize nine independent variables for chitinase production by B. licheniformis AT6 strain in submerged fermentation. Using Plackett-Burman design, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4.7H2O, colloidal chitin, MnCl2 2H2O, and temperature were found to influence chitinase production significantly. According to Box-Behnken response surface methodology, the optimal fermentation conditions allowing maximum chitinase production were (in gram per liter): (NH4)2SO4, 7; K2HPO4, 1; NaCl, 1; MgSO4.7H2O, 0.1; yeast extract, 0.5; colloidal chitin, 7.5; MnCl2.2H2O, 0.2; temperature 35 °C; pH medium 7. The optimization strategy led to a 10-fold increase in chitinase activity (505.26 ± 22.223 mU/mL versus 50.35 ± 19.62 mU/mL for control basal medium). A major protein band with a molecular weight of 61.9 kDa corresponding to chitinase activity was clearly detected under optimized conditions. Chitinase activity produced in optimized medium mainly releases N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) monomer from colloidal chitin. This enzyme also acts as an exochitinase with β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. These results suggest that B. licheniformis AT6 secreting exochitinase is highly efficient in GlcNAc production which could in turn be envisaged as a therapeutic agent or as a conservator against the alteration of several ailments.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhu W, Wang D, Liu T, Yang Q. Production of N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine from Mycelial Waste by a Combination of Bacterial Chitinases and an Insect N-Acetyl-d-glucosaminidase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6738-6744. [PMID: 27546481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) has great potential to be used as a food additive and medicine. The enzymatic degradation of chitin-containing biomass for producing GlcNAc is an eco-friendly approach but suffers from a high cost. The economical efficiency can be improved by both optimizing the member and ratio of the chitinolytic enzymes and using new inexpensive substrates. To address this, a novel combination of bacterial and insect chitinolytic enzymes was developed in this study to efficiently produce GlcNAc from the mycelia of Asperillus niger, a fermentation waste. This enzyme combination contained three bacterial chitinases (chitinase A from Serratia marcescens (SmChiA), SmChiB, SmChiC) and one insect N-acetyl-d-glucosaminidase from Ostrinia furnacalis (OfHex1) in a ratio of 39.1% of SmChiA, 26.7% of SmChiB, 32.9% of SmChiC, and 1.3% of OfHex1. A yield of 6.3 mM (1.4 mg/mL) GlcNAc with a purity of 95% can be obtained from 10 mg/mL mycelial powder in 24 h. The enzyme combination reported here exhibited 5.8-fold higher hydrolytic activity over the commercial chitinase preparation derived from Streptomyces griseus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Engineering and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Engineering and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Engineering and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Engineering and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang S, Fu X, Yan Q, Guo Y, Liu Z, Jiang Z. Cloning, expression, purification and application of a novel chitinase from a thermophilic marine bacterium Paenibacillus barengoltzii. Food Chem 2016; 192:1041-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|